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If a heavy particle ion (atom, molecule, muon) collides withanother in the gas phase at speeds approaching the speed of light, thetime-dependent Dirac equation equation must be used for itsdescription, including quantum electro-dynamic, special relativity andmagnetic coupling effects.In this book we study one electron in the variety of rearrangementcollisions: radiative and non-radiative capture, ionization, captureby pair (one electron, one positron) production and antihydrogenproduction. Our relativistic continuum distorted-wave theory accountsextremely well for the simultaneous behaviour of the electron withrespect to the nuclear charges of the projectile and the target.This is the first book developed in this subject. Containing manydiagrams and tables, and fully referenced, it goes beyond chapters inprevious books. The relativistic continuum distorted-wave theorydeveloped by the authors group, is shown to be fully Hermitean.Detailed mathematics are provided in nine appendices. ... Read more

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This volume deals with the basic knowledge and understanding ofthe fundamental interactions of low-energy electrons with molecules.Recent advances in electron-molecule interaction processes arediscussed and a unique up-to-date and comprehensive account of thefundamental interactions of low-energy electrons with molecules ofcurrent interest in modern technology, specially the semiconductorindustry, is presented. The material provided in this volume will aidscientists and engineers working in many fields of basic and appliedscience and engineering. The unique and authoritative knowledge,information, and understanding it provides generically underpinsadvances in plasma, laser, lighting, discharge, environmental,radiation, and other technologies. ... Read more

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Phenomenal
This is a marvelous book.I have never found a more perfect text for the topic of discussion.A wonderfully informative and surprisingly fun read. ... Read more

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Polarization and Correlation Phenomena in Atomic Collisions:A Practical Theory Course bridges the gap between traditionalcourses in quantum mechanics and practical investigations. Theauthors' goal is to guide students in training their ability toperform theoretical calculations of polarization and correlationcharacteristics of various processes in atomic collisions.
The book provides a concise description of the density matrix andstatistical tensor formalism and presents a general approach to thedescription of angular correlation and polarization phenomena. Itillustrates an application of the angular momentum technique to abroad variety of atomic processes.
The book contains derivations of the most important expressions forobservable quantities in electron-atom and ion-atom scattering,including that for polarized beams and/or polarized targets, inphoto-induced processes, autoionization and cascades of atomictransitions.
Spin-polarization and angular distributions of the reaction productsare described, including the angular correlations in different typesof coincidence measurements. The considered processes exemplify thegeneral approach and the number of examples can be easily extended bya reader. The book supplies researchers, both theoreticians andexperimentalists with a collection of helpful formulae and tables, andcan serve as a reference book.
Based on a highly regarded course at Moscow State University andelsewhere, the book provides real guidance on theoretical calculationsof practical use. ... Read more

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A uniquely practical book, this monograph is the first todescribe basic and applied spectroscopic techniques for the study ofphysical processes in high frequency, electrodeless discharge lamps.Special attention is given to the construction and optimization ofthese lamps, a popular source of line spectra and an important tool inultraprecise optical engineering. Highlights include discussions of:

• high precision measurements of gas pressures
• spectral source lifespan
• and more.

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Second author, Francisco Benzanilla, is with the Univ. of California, Los Angeles. Presents the proceedings of a symposium on Pumps, Transporters, and Ion Channels: Studies on Their Structure, Function, and Cell Biology, held in Valdivia, Chile in December, 2001. ... Read more

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This book offers a concise presentation of theoretical concepts characterizing and quantifying the slowing down of swift heavy ions in matter. Although the penetration of charged particles through matter has been studied for almost a hundred years, the quantitative theory for swift penetrating ions heavier than helium has been developed mainly during the past decade and is still progressing rapidly. The book addresses scientists and engineers working at accelerators with an interest in materials analysis and modification, medical diagnostics and therapy, mass spectrometry and radiation damage, as well as atomic and nuclear physicists. Although not a textbook, this monograph represents a unique source of state-of-the-art information that is useful to a university teacher in any course involving the interaction of charged particles with matter.

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The content of this book describes in detail the results of the present measurements of the partial and total doubly differential cross sections for the multiple-ionization of rare gas atoms by electron impact. These measurements show, beside other trends, the role of Auger transitions in the production of multiply ionized atoms in the region where the incident electron energy is sufficient to produce inner shell ionization. Other processes like Coster-Kronig transitions and shake off also contribute towards increasing the charge of the ions. The incident electron having energy of 6 keV, for example, in a collision with xenon atom can remove up to nine electrons! (*) X-ray-ion coincidence spectroscopy of the electron xenon atom collisions is also described. 

     The present measurements of doubly differential cross sections for the dissociative and non-dissociative ionization of hydrogen, sulfur dioxide and sulfur hexa fluoride molecular gases by electron impact are also described in the text of this book. The results of the measurements for sulfur dioxide molecule show how this major atmospheric pollutant can be removed from the atmosphere by electron impact dissociation of this molecule. The present results of the measurements for sulfur hexa fluoride give an insight into the dissociation properties of this molecular gas, which is being so widely used as a gaseous insulator in the electrical circuits.  

     The book also describes the present measurements of the polarization parameters of the fluorescence radiation emitted by the electron-impact-excited atoms of sodium and potassium. In these investigations the target atoms are polarized, therefore, the measurements of the polarization parameters give information about the electron atom interaction in terms of the interference, direct and exchange interaction channels.

Product Description
Negative ions are common in solutions and importantin many biological processes, but they are far lesswell-characterized in the gas phase compared topositive ions. One of the reasons is that it is hardto make a thermodynamically stable negative ion inthe gas phase. Directly attaching a low energyelectron to a molecule could produce a transientnegative ion, which usually autodetaches an electronor fragments to release the excess energy. In thiswork, alkali metal atoms are used to collide withhalogenated molecules in crossed supersonic beams.Electron transfer occurs during the collision and apositive-negative ion pair is produced. The transientnegative ion can release part of its excess energy tothe alkali positive ion in the form of translationand a stable negative ion could be formed. Theenergetics of the collision is studied and theelectron affinities of the negative ions aremeasured. This study opens a new pathway to producenegative ions and provides insight into the electrontransfer mechanism. It is useful to professionals inthe field of gas phase ion chemistry, or anyone elsewho may be considering utilizing this method to makebiological negative ions. ... Read more

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The book contains invited and contributed talks presented at the 18th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, held in Bled (Slovenia) in September 2002.The topics covered range from sub-nucleonic to molecular scales and demonstrate the latest theoretical, experimental, and computational advances, with an emphasis on interdisciplinarity of few-body techniques. ... Read more

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A variety of plasmas include molecules rather than only ions or atoms. Examples are ionospheres of the Earth and other planets, stellar atmospheres, gaseous discharges for use in various devices and processes, and fusion plasmas in the edge region. This book describes the role of molecules in those plasmas by showing elementary collision processes involving those molecules.

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Homework Helpers: Chemistry is a user-friendly review book that will make every student--or parent trying to help their child feel like he or she has a private Chemistry tutor.Concepts are explained in clear, easy-to-understand language, and problems are worked out with step-by-step methods that are easy to follow. Each lesson comes with numerous review questions and answer keynotes that explain each correct answer and why it's correct.

This book covers all of the topics in a typical one-year Chemistry curriculum, including:
• A systematic approach to problem solving, conversions, and the use of units.
• Naming compounds, writing formulas, and balancing chemical equations.
• Gas laws, chemical kinetics, acids and bases, electrochemistry, and more.

While Homework Helpers: Chemistryis an excellent review for any standardized Chemistry test, including the SAT-II, its real value is in providing support and guidance during the year's entire course of study. ... Read more

Product Description

This book offers a concise presentation of theoretical concepts characterizing and quantifying the slowing down of swift heavy ions in matter. Although the penetration of charged particles through matter has been studied for almost a hundred years, the quantitative theory for swift penetrating ions heavier than helium has been developed mainly during the past decade and is still progressing rapidly. The book addresses scientists and engineers working at accelerators with an interest in materials analysis and modification, medical diagnostics and therapy, mass spectrometry and radiation damage, as well as atomic and nuclear physicists. Although not a textbook, this monograph represents a unique source of state-of-the-art information that is useful to a university teacher in any course involving the interaction of charged particles with matter.

Product Description

All papers were peer-reviewed. This proceedings volume contains the invited talks presented at two atomic physics symposia held jointly in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 28-30 July 2005. They represent the latest research in dynamics of collision systems involving collisions between photons, electrons, and ions and a diverse range of target species: atoms, molecules, clusters, and surfaces. There is a particular emphasis on correlation and many-body effects in excitation and ionization.

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This is the first comprehensive treatment of the interactions of atoms and molecules with charged particles, photons and laser fields. Addressing the subject from a unified viewpoint, the volume reflects our present understanding of many-particle dynamics in rearrangement and fragmentation reactions.

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This book ushers in a new era of experimental and theoretical investigations into collective processes, structure formation, and self-organization of nuclear matter. It reports the results of experiments wherein for the first time the nuclei constituting our world (those displayed in Mendeleev's table as well as the super-heavy ones) have been artificially created. Pioneering breakthroughs are described, achieved at the "Proton-21" Laboratory, Kiev, Ukraine in a variety of new physical and technological directions.

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Laser-driven proton beams are still in their infancy but already have some outstanding attributes compared to those produced in conventional accelerators. One such attribute is the typically low beam emittance. This allows excellent resolution in imaging applications like proton radiography. This thesis describes a novel imaging technique - the proton streak camera - that the author developed and first used to measure both the spatial and temporal evolution of ultra-strong electrical fields in laser-driven plasmas. Such investigations are of paramount importance for the understanding of laser-plasma interactions and, thus, for optimization of laser-driven particle acceleration. In particular, the present work investigated micrometer-sized spherical targets after laser irradiation. The confined geometry of plasmas and fields was found to influence the kinetic energy and spatial distribution of accelerated ions. This could be shown both in experimental radiography images and and in numerical simulations, one of which was selected for the cover page of Physical Review Letters. ... Read more

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This book provides an introduction and guide to modern advances in charged particle (and antiparticle) confinement by electromagnetic fields. Confinement in different trap geometries, the influence of trap imperfections, classical and quantum mechanical description of the trapped particle motion, different methods of ion cooling to low temperatures, and non-neutral plasma properties (including Coulomb crystals) are the main subjects. They form the basis of such applications of charged particle traps as high-resolution optical and microwave spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic clocks, and, potentially, quantum computing. ... Read more

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This book provides a long-needed survey of new results. Especially welcome is a new summary of the measured and calculated sputtering yields with an algebraic approximation formula for the energy and angular dependence of the yields, which is useful for researchers who need sputtering yields for physics research or applied problems. The book offers a critical review of computational methods for calculating sputtering yields and also includes molecular dynamics calculations.

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This is the second volume of Charged Particle Traps devoted to applications, complementing the first volume’s comprehensive treatment of the theory and practice of charged particle traps, their many variants and refinements. In recent years, applications of far reaching importance have emerged ranging from the ultra-precise mass determinations of elementary particles and their antiparticles and short-lived isotopes, to high-resolution Zeeman spectroscopy on multiply-charged ions, to microwave and optical spectroscopy, some involving "forbidden" transitions from metastable states of such high resolution that optical frequency standards are realized by locking lasers to them. Further the potential application of trapped ions to quantum computing is explored, based on the extraordinary quantum state coherence made possible by the particle isolation. Consideration is given to the Paul and Penning traps as potential quantum information processors.