Geometry.Net - Basic_C: Currency Alternatives

Alternatives: Model Resolution Supporting The Tobin Tax
alternatives. WHEREAS, over $1.5 trillion moves daily through currency exchangemarkets around the world, and over 85% of those transactions are of a
http://www.globalexchange.org/ftzone/tobin.html

Extractions: Model Resolution Supporting the Tobin Tax WHEREAS, over $1.5 trillion moves daily through currency exchange markets around the world, and over 85% of those transactions are of a speculative nature, where traders bet on whether currency values and interest rates will move up or down; and WHEREAS, such volume and volatility disrupts the ability of nations to establish equitable and just economic policies; to intervene to protect their own currencies; and to provide support for needed social and environmental programs; and WHEREAS, recent financial crisis and currency devaluations tend to exacerbate existing problems such as price increases, higher unemployment, plant closures, social unrest and human rights violations; and to burden indigenous, poor and middle-income populations most heavily; and WHEREAS, excessive speculation could be curbed by a very small tax of between 0.1% and 0.25% on each cross-border currency transaction (as proposed by Nobel prize-winning economist James Tobin"Tobin Tax"); and such a tax would reduce incentives for overnight speculation while remaining small enough to leave longer-term investments intact; and WHEREAS, the revenues from a Tobin Tax, projected at between $150 and $300 billion a year, would provide the resources urgently needed to wipe out exteme poverty, provide basic social services and mitigate environmental destruction globally; and collection, enforcement and allocation aspects are considered to be economically feasible.
Currency Risk Management Alternatives, AIMA
Alternative Ways to Look at currency Risk Management. Thomas What may berequired is a more active currency management strategy. Additional
http://www.aima.org/aimasite/articles/schjan97.htm

Extractions: Of even greater importance is that the performance of the CTA Currency Manager index had differing performance over the first part of the 1990's in contrast to the latter part. One reason for this differential performance is that many currency managers followed similar rate differential strategies or trend following strategies. As shown in Table 1, the return of the CTA Currency Manager index is positive in the worst 20 US$TW months. Thus they provide positive returns when the US$TW was negative. When the US$TW is positive, the CTA Currency Manager index is also positive but not as great as the US$TW. What is optimal, of course, would be, in the case of Table 1, to be in CTA currency managers in the worst US$TW days and in the US$TW in its best days. In fact, some currency overlay programs attempt to provide positive returns in down currency markets and are generally out of the market in up markets. In short, the historical success of any one exchange rate trading system or currency overlay system is not necessarily indicative of its future success under alternative market conditions. One must be knowledgeable of it past success, however, one must be also aware if this performance is consistent with its selection methodology. Thus, in order to better determine performance, suitable benchmarks for each currency trading system is required to determine its relative performance. For trendfollowing CTAs, such systems are emerging (see AIMA Newsletter, September 1996). However, for more complex currency trading strategies or for currency overlay managers additional work is required. What is known, however, is that both theoretical and empirical academic research as well as practitioner results has shown the benefits of strategic currency management.
Money. Cash. Loot... Alternatives To Legal Tender.
Part II, Complementary Currencies, Past and Present, describes bothhistorical and contemporary currency and exchange alternatives.
http://www.chelseagreen.com/Money/MoneyIntro.htm

Extractions: excerpt from the Introduction What This Book Contains, and How to Use It This volume focuses particularly on the creation and control of money, money substitutes, and alternative exchange mechanisms. It is actually four books in one, divided into four parts. While all the objectives are addressed in each and every part, the individual parts tend to emphasize the objectives in the order stated above. I advise you to read the book in its entirety, but depending on your main interests, you may want to read the various parts in a different order from that presented. Part I is titled, "Monetary Realities and Official Illusions." It explains what money really is, how it is created and extinguished, how it malfunctions, and how it works against the interests of most individuals and communities. It continues with a description of how money has evolved, taking on different forms over time. It explains how these forms have enabled the further concentration of money's power in fewer hands and the erosion of social cohesion, community power, and democratic governance. This is background that I consider important to gaining a proper understanding of the money problem and how communities might cope with it. While I believe that this part should be read by everyone, it could be skipped temporarily by readers who already have some understanding of the nature of the problem and are anxious to get to "the solutions."
Money. Cash. Loot... Alternatives To Legal Tender.
alternatives to legal tender. Money is a critique of our existing financial system,but also a howto manual for creating an effective community currency system
http://www.chelseagreen.com/Money/Money.htm

Extractions: to Legal Tender by Thomas H. Greco, Jr. Cash. Loot. Scratch. Lucre. Bread. Coin. Scrip. Moolah. Green. We all think we know intuitively what money is, and what it can do for us. Tom Greco, director of the Community Information Resource Center , understands and explains money on an eye-popping, fundamental level. Moreover, he provides a roadmap on how to make alternatives to the "legal tender" work for individuals, communities, and local economies. Money will set your mental gears spinning with fantastic ideas. This book explains the mysteries and realities of money in clear and accessible prose, and reveals the true workings, and alarming fragility, of our existing financial system. It also describes concrete and realistic actions that individuals, businesses, social service agencies, and governments can take to enhance productivity and purchasing power, to protect local economies from the ravages of globalization, and to strengthen the bonds of community. Money is a radical critique of our existing financial system, but also a practical and inspirational how-to manual for creating a vibrant and effective community currency system.
Ernst & Young - Issues & Perspectives - Alternatives To Hedging Foreign Currency
Global Home Issues Perspectives alternatives to Hedging Foreigncurrency. alternatives to Hedging Foreign currency. Since hedging
http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/International/Issues_&_Perspectives_-_Alter

Extractions: Global Home Alternatives to Hedging Foreign Currency Since hedging under most corporate policies is used to smooth currency volatility on the company's financial statements, there is no real gain or loss. But hedging's major benefit is that it can reduce the potential of a catastrophic loss (or gain). However, the test of a good hedging policy is not when the hedging instruments' (forwards or options) are "in the money" and providing cash settlement gains, but rather when a reversal in the trend occurs and the hedges at settlement or mark to market are "under water" or lose money. While the underlying asset appreciated during this trend reversal, corporations must be diligent to show both sides of the ledger - the underlying risk and the hedge value at every reporting period. The hard part is to maintain the same strategy when the hedges purchased as risk avoidance actions can be second-guessed. This article , which originally appeared in Financial Executives International magazine, was written by
Royal Bank - Travel Essentials - The Convenience Of Cash Alternatives
should carry some local currency for tipping, taxis and small purchases, but youshouldn't need to carry a lot of cash with you there are alternatives that we
http://www.royalbank.com/travel/cashalt.html

Extractions: TRAVEL ESSENTIALS HOME Crossing the Border Protecting Your Health Ensuring Your Safety PLANNING YOUR FINANCES Short Stay Extended Stay WHILE YOU'RE AWAY Accessing Your Money Using Convenient Cash Alternatives Renting a Car Having Enough Local Currency YOUR HOME Securing Your Home Buying a Home in the US CONTACT US SEARCH Hotels will usually cash travellers cheques for their guests free of charge, but to avoid paying fees at other establishments, use your cheques to purchase goods and services whenever you can. Record the serial numbers of your cheques as you use them, and keep this list separate from the numbers of your unused cheques. This makes replacement easier if they are lost or stolen. Losing your money is upsetting at any time, but losing it when you're away from home can be devastating. You should carry some local currency for tipping, taxis and small purchases, but you shouldn't need to carry a lot of cash with you: there are alternatives that we think are safer and more convenient.
Environmental Health News | Alternatives To Landfill Gain Currency
News Focus. alternatives to landfill gain currency. Lisa ThompsonFriday, September 27 2002. The Cabinet Office is seeking views on
http://www.ehn-online.com/cgi-bin/news/newsfocus6/EpFFEklkAlqlYYMJPr.html

Extractions: The Cabinet Office report focuses mainly on waste collected from homes and small businesses in England. Both will be affected by European Union targets which require the UK to reduce the volume of biodegradable municipal waste sent to landfill to 75 per cent of 1995 levels by 2010. By 2020, it must be cut again to 35 per cent of 1995 levels. Failure to achieve compliance with the directive, by 2010, could lead to fines of up to £180m each year for the UK government. Currently, 80 per cent of the 28 million tonnes of municipal waste that the UK produces yearly goes straight to landfill, compared with 35 per cent in Austria and 12 per cent in Holland. Londoners produce enough waste to fill an Olympic swimming pool every four hours, according to the Greater London Authority most goes straight to landfill.
Apartments, Villas And Hotel Alternatives - Barclay International Group (800) 84
Property, City, Size, Price. Dublin Central Apartments Please Note Prices shownhere DO NOT include 7% Euro currency Fluctuation. Try this currency converter
http://www.barclayweb.com/COMPINFO/PRICELST/ireprlst.htm
Apartments, Villas And Hotel Alternatives - Barclay International Group (800) 84
Please Note Prices shown here DO NOT include 7% Euro currency Fluctuation. PleaseNote Prices shown here DO NOT include 7% Euro currency Fluctuation.
http://www.barclayweb.com/COMPINFO/PRICELST/prlst.htm
Perceptual Alternatives
I found this rather clever upto-the-minute currency converter . If you use itclick on BACK to return to this page. xe.com Universal currency Converter.
http://users.bigpond.net.au/heyes/

Extractions: by Tony Heyes Follow the links to: Electronic Travel Aids for the Blind and Vision Impaired , featuring the Sonic Pathfinder. Son Simon Heyes: Industrial Design, Product Design etc. The Brain Teaser page. The Genealogy page - the Lancashire Heyeses and much more. The Maps Page : surname distribution maps for the UK. A famous relative - well, possibly: Thomas Heyes/Highs from Leigh in Lancashire, inventor of spinning machines, eg. the Spinning Jenny. My father's page . In 1918 he flew with 55 Squadron along with W.E.Johns - the author of the Biggles books. Follow the link to Johns' vivid account of flying on bombing raids in open cockpit bi-planes during the First World War. Both men were shot down and taken prisoner! An early invention: a Tactile Display for installation at Pedestrian Crossings where the use of the usual audible signals could cause confusion to vision impaired people. Widely use throughout the United Kingdom at traffic light controlled intersections and pedestrian crossings on dual carriageways. Not all my projects are for the Vision Impaired: I recently worked with a young inventor, Steve Steer, to develop Tackle Tracka
NCPA EXECUTIVE ALERT Nd95 : Central Bank Alternatives
Two alternatives to a central bank are dollarization, in which US currency freelycirculates and is used to denominate prices, or a currency board that
http://www.ncpa.org/ea/eand95/eand95i.html

Extractions: In developing countries, central banks have produced high rates of inflation by issuing third-rate currencies. As a result, many people in those countries exchange their local currency for a stable foreign one as quickly as they can. Two alternatives to a central bank are "dollarization," in which U.S. currency freely circulates and is used to denominate prices, or a currency board that issues currency backed by dollar reserves and convertible into dollars at a fixed rate. Source: Steve H. Hanke, "The Curse of Central Banking,"
McKeever Institute Of Economic Policy Analysis: There Are Alternatives Project
THERE ARE alternatives PROJECT. But the most successful local currency of all wasthe Austrian Depression scrip of 19323. A destructive financial system.
http://www.mkeever.com/kent.html

Extractions: THE OF To return to the T. A. A. Project page, click below MARGRIT KENNEDY INSPIRES NEW ZEALAND GROUPS TO ESTABLISH REGIONAL MONEY SYSTEMS; by Deidre Kent During their three month summer tour of New Zealand, Professor Dr Margrit Kennedy, German ecovillage member and permaculturalist, spoke to around 30 groups on the topic of "Just Money Just World". She was accompanied by her husband Declan who spoke on ecovillages. The couple, recognising the link between ecology and the economy, believe that is essential that new money systems are created to enable an adequate response to the ecological and social challenges facing the planet and human society. As I had just completed two years of research for my book on money, I attended several of her presentations, and together we have co-written a manual for those who will implement or support proposed new regional currencies. Author of Interest and Inflation Free Money, a book translated into 18 languages, Margit Kennedy is soon to take early retirement as a professor of architecture. She will continue her travels, inspiring people all round New Zealand as well as in Cali, Colombia and Auroville, India, to set up currencies based on the one introduced in Wörgl, Austria, during the Great Depression.
McKeever Institute Of Economic Policy Analysis: There Are Alternatives Project
THERE ARE alternatives PROJECT. allows any goods and services supplied locally usinglocal materials to be paid for under the local LETS currency without the
http://www.mkeever.com/manning.html

Extractions: Innovative self-financing integrated development concepts enable even the world's poorest to finance their own development. Mass applications of alternative energy offer ethical least-cost solutions to some of the most widespread problems facing mankind. This article describes how the poor can design, execute, run, maintain, pay for and own their development structures without need for subsidy or paternalism. Yet carefully conceived development projects offer a unique opportunity to build alternative energy applications on a massive scale into balanced integrated development structures. The potential for viable, ethical unsubsidised least cost alternative energy solutions for development dwarfs the current world-wide production of alternative energy. Integrated self-financing development projects have been designed to cover a complete package of basic services for sustainable development in poor rural and urban areas. They will usually include, but not be limited to, hygiene education, the provision of drinking water and sanitation services, PV lighting for study, PV lighting and refrigeration in clinics, waste removal, high-efficiency stoves and bio-mass to fuel them. They will provide a strong thrust for on-going local development, productivity, and employment and contain many decentralised alternative energy applications.
BBH - Currency Consulting - Areas Of Focus
to protect the Company's EPS and cash flow from adverse currency moves on a viewneutral basis; Review the pros and cons of hedging alternatives to evaluate
http://www.bbh.com/corp/focus_formulate.html

Extractions: Given the inherent unpredictablity of currency markets, most companies choose to view FX hedging as akin to buying insurance. Accordingly, FX hedging is undertaken regardless of whether the currencies in question are potentially expected to hurt or enhance earnings/ cash flow. However, the specific instruments used to hedge FX risk are evaluated based on their respective costs, hedge effectiveness and currency view. Develop various hedging strategies to protect the Company's EPS and cash flow from adverse currency moves on a "view neutral" basis Review the pros and cons of hedging alternatives to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of the various alternatives Assist the Company with the selection of the most "cost-effective" alternative consistent with cost, hedging effectiveness and currency view
Average Investors Can Use Foreign-currency Vehicles
Beware of risks, too. Foreigncurrency CDslike gold or silverarealternatives to the dollar. But all those alternatives have risks.
http://www.suntimes.com/output/savage/cst-fin-terry062.html

Extractions: Looking to get rid of some of your dollars? I'm not suggesting a shopping spree, but you might want to follow the lead of the smart money around the world. The smart-money investors these days are switching their rapidly weakening U.S. dollars for gold and euros and even the New Zealand dollar to protect the value of their holdings. Good news: You don't have to watch from the sidelines. Everbank, the nationwide division of First Alliance Bank, makes it possible for average Americans to do the same type of hedgingby opening FDIC-insured money market accounts and CDs denominated in foreign currencies. There's a growing list of reasons to switch from dollars to something perceived as safer. As I noted in my Dec. 19 column when gold was trading at $342 an ounce, smart money is seeking safety. This week, gold surged to more than $382 an ounce. The euro, which was trading at 102 in that column of six weeks ago, is now trading at 109. Why switch from dollars?
Supportive < Policy Papers < Currency Transaction Tax
Beyond the WTO, alternatives to Economic Globalization (EN) April 1998 InternationalForum Spahns Study on the Feasibility of a currency Transactions Tax
http://www.currencytax.org/policy_papers/supportive.php

Extractions: @import url(../style_adv.css); Search Substantive interest and support for the currency transactions tax among academics, elected officials and non-governmental organizations began with the Mexican peso crisis of 1995. After the Asian financial crisis revealed both the extent of market instability and the devastating impacts on peoples lives, however, interest and advocacy escalated. To contribute papers, please contact Halifax Initiative. Sort by: title (a-z) date author organization A Global Public Goods Approach to a Currency Transaction Tax (CTT) EN October 2001 HAUGEN, Hans Morten - Norwegian Forum for Environment and Development Paper presented at the conference: Taxing Currency transactions. From Feasibility to Implementation, organised by Halifax Initiative, Vancouver, October 4-6, 2001. A Tax on Financial Speculation Background Paper March 2000 BODE, Bart. - Brussels, Broederlijk Delen. Bearing the Burden: The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on Workers and Alternative Agendas for the IMF and Other Institutions EN April 2000 Institute For Policy Studies - Institute For Policy Studies Beyond the WTO, Alternatives to Economic Globalization
Alternatives Gay And Lesbian Shopping Mega Mall For Pride And Other GLBT Gifts
FOREIGN currency CONVERTER. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Lowest orders. ©2000Alternatives Pride Emporium, BEPROUD.COM all rights reserved.
http://www.beproud.com/gay-gifts/gay-shopping.htm
Professor Hughes-Hallett: Press Release EMU, The Alternatives And How They All W
EMU, the alternatives and how I shall review the conditions under which it wouldbe both advantageous and appropriate to adopt a single currency in several
http://www.ed.ac.uk/dhi/DHI Website/Press/Archive press releases/Hughes-Hallett

Extractions: Press Release Professor Andrew Hughes-Hallett (University of Strathclyde) "EMU, the alternatives and how they all work" 6.00pm Wednesday 1 November 2000 Professor Hughes-Hallett said, "In this talk I shall review the conditions under which it would be both advantageous and appropriate to adopt a single currency in several different economies. This framework will show why it is quite logical that some countries would adopt a very different approach and attitude to the Euro while continuing to trade in the same markets. Then we can look at Britain's particular case with respect to flexible exchange rates and inflation targeting, or exchange rate targets themselves, or fixing via a currency board, or monetary union via the Euro. Here the issues are, how important are the gains from having a common currency; how are individual economies supposed to adjust under that regime; why market flexibility is a crucial issue; the importance of the distinction between a single market and a single currency; and what happens if your trading partners and your investment partners are different sets of people with different interests." Professor Brian Main, Director of The David Hume Institute
Finland And The Single Currency: An Initial Assessment: Expert Report
The alternatives to participation in the single currency are to join thenew exchange rate mechanism (ERM 2) or float the domestic currency.
http://www.actioncentreeurope.org.uk/publications/finland/expertreport.html

Extractions: Links by On November 28, 1996, Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen appointed an expert working group to consider the significance of Economic and Monetary Union for the Finnish economy. The group was instructed to pay special attention to the production structure, the labour market, public finances and economic policy. The main conclusions of the expert working group were summarized as follows: Countries joining the single currency area will elect the Executive Board of the European Central Bank and will also take part in the decision making process at the start of the Stage Three. Being among the first countries to participate in the single currency would therefore give Finland the opportunity to influence the EU decision making process as regards EMU. Staying outside would however give Finland the opportunity to acquire information and experience about the functioning of EMU prior to joining. A single currency generates clear gains in efficiency. These have to do with the reduction in costs of currency exchange and avoidance of exchange risk, less exchange rate uncertainty, easier price comparisons, growth of international trade, increased competition, more efficient financial markets, growth of direct investment between participating countries and a more efficient international allocation of capital. The efficiency gains exceed direct costs caused by the changeover to EMU.
Ithaca HOURS
jeff@alternatives.org 2724005 Bob Leroy - bob1040@juno.com Margaret McCasland -mccasland@usadatanet.net- 272-3738 Consider starting your own local currency
http://www.ithacahours.org/

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