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This digital document is an article from Modern Casting, published by American Foundrymen's Society, Inc. on January 1, 2003. The length of the article is 2788 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: What causes electromagnetic pump clogging problems?
Author: Jerry H. Sokolowski
Publication: Modern Casting (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2003
Publisher: American Foundrymen's Society, Inc.
Volume: 93Issue: 1Page: 39(4)

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemical Engineering Journal, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Electric field imposed on a microchip, when electrokinetic pumping is used, can cause precipitation of electrolyte components and consequential clogging of the microchannels. We have found that the precipitation will occur in much broader range of electrolyte concentrations than in the case without the imposed electric field. For example, concentrations of the ions in the physiological fluids analyzed in the diagnostic microchips can also reach the solubility product when the gradient of the electric potential is used. This follows from the study of the mathematical model of the electrolyte transport and ionic interactions in microcapillaries. The studied microsystem consists of two reservoirs containing aqueous electrolytes, a solution of potassium carbonate and a solution of calcium chloride, separated by a microcapillary containing a hydrogel. As the calcium and the carbonate ions diffuse and/or migrate in electric field in the microcapillary, calcium carbonate is formed and the risk of clogging increases at the locations where the concentration product of the calcium and carbonate ions exceeds the CaCO"3 solubility product. Two qualitatively different spatio-temporal concentration patterns in the microcapillary of finite length in dependence on the applied difference of the electric potential have been found by means of the dynamical analysis. We have observed patterns with one and two maxima on the spatial profile of reaction rate of the calcium-carbonate interaction. Bifurcation diagram, in which the peak splitting has been clearly detected, was computed in dependence on the imposed gradient of electric potential. The peak splitting and thus the possibility of more complex precipitation patterns in the microcapillary follow from the existence of the sigmoidal profile of the electric potential arising in the presence of electric field. We have also found that the existence of sigmoidal profile strongly modifies the transport times of the chemical ionic components (t"p~@D@F^-^1^/^3 in a broad range of applied gradient of electric potential @D@F/l@?0.02,20kVm^-^1). As the mathematical description of the model system is spatially one-dimensional, the obtained results are applicable especially in capillary microsystems with a large length/diameter ratio (e.g., separation microchannels or microchannels for isoelectrical focusing). ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Environmental Management, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Storm in-sag inlets, which typically have inflow capture efficiency of 100%, can violate the allowable water spread criterion of roadways, thus slowing the traffic movement and contributing to accidents. This is especially evident during severe storms of high return periods and when a storm sewer inlet of grate type is adopted, because it is subject to debris and trash clogging factors. In this study, the water spread on pavement for in-sag grates located in a residential area in Kuwait is analyzed in terms of return period and clogging factor. It is found that for a single grate inlet with a return period of 10 years, a clogging factor of 50% can lead to a water spread value exceeding the local design constraint assigned for residential areas, which is one traffic lane of 4m width. It is also shown that for in-sag locations, a double-grate inlet is more preferable than the single one, because the former tends to reduce the adverse hydraulic effect of total inflow on water spread width. The effect of clogging factor on a multiple-grate inlet located in sag is determined from a simple expression suggested in this study. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2007. The length of the article is 8836 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Biofilm growth-percolation models and channeling in biofilter clogging.(TECHNICAL PAPER)(Technical report)
Author: Fethiye Ozis
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 57Issue: 8Page: 882(11)

Article Type: Technical report

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Aerosol Science, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The aim of this article is to contribute to the qualitative description of the phenomena occurring during the clogging of fibre filters by submicron liquid particles. The changes in the pressure drop and efficiency of the filtration media in relation to the generated aerosol mass per unit area were monitored simultaneously. The different experimental approaches described converge on the same description of filter clogging, the scenario being broken down into four steps. A study of the influence of the operating conditions was carried out which highlighted the significant roles of filtration velocity, the nature of the filter, and the physico-chemical characteristics of the aerosol. ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Shoeing, Irish Stepdance, Clogging, Shoe Tossing, Sean-Nós Dance, Stepping, Shoe-Banging Incident, Sneaker Collecting, Step Dance, Zapateado, Sneaker Phone. Excerpt:Clogging is a type of folk dance with roots in traditional European dancing, early African-American dance, and traditional Cherokee dance in which the dancer's footwear is used musically by striking the heel, the toe, or both in unison against a floor or each other to create audible percussive rhythms.Clogging was social dance in the Appalachian Mountains as early as the 1700s.As the clogging style has migrated over the years, many localities have made contributions by adding local steps and rhythms to the style. Welsh seamen appear to have adopted a dance very early on and may have been those who introduced it to the British Isles. As the dance migrated to England in the 1400s, the all wooden clog was replaced by a leather topped shoe with a one piece wooden bottom. By the 1500s a more conventional leather shoe with separate wooden pieces on the heel and toe called "flats" became popular, from where the terms "heel and toe" and "flat footing" derive.In later periods it was not always called "clogging", being known variously as flat-footing, foot-stomping, buck dancing, clog dancing, jigging, or other local terms. What all these had in common was emphasizing the downbeat of the music by enthusiastic footwork. As for the shoes many old clogging shoes had no taps and some were made of leather and velvet, while the soles of the shoes were either wooden or hard leather.British Isles Wales Clog dancing is traditional in Wales and is a regular feature of both local and national eisteddfodau . Competition can be energetic with the dancers leaping over brooms. "Welsh Clog Dancing is not like North-West or Lancashire Step. ... ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Ink World, published by Rodman Publications, Inc. on May 1, 2004. The length of the article is 681 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Discussing printhead clogging, defoamers and the technical side of the Flexo ink business.(technical Tidbits)
Author: Lisa Hahn
Publication: Ink World (Magazine/Journal)
Date: May 1, 2004
Publisher: Rodman Publications, Inc.
Volume: 10Issue: 5Page: 14(1)

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