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This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Simple risk assessment tools for agricultural phosphorus (P) losses, like the P index, have been developed in the U.S.A. and in some European countries. Despite its popularity, there have been surprisingly few studies, which try to test the index close to the field scale. For Norway, the P index approach comprises the risk related to both the source of P (soil P status, amount of fertilizer and manure as well as method of application, plant P release by freezing and P balance) and the risk related to transport of P (erosion, flooding, surface runoff, contributing distance, modified connectivity, soil profile, subsurface drainage). In this paper, we have applied the Norwegian P index to farmer fields within a small agricultural catchment, the Skuterud catchment (450ha), in southeastern Norway. The Norwegian P index was tested for two agricultural fields (0.3-0.4ha) and nine subcatchments (6-65ha). Total P concentrations in runoff from the 11 study areas were measured during the year from May 2001 to April 2002. Results from the testing showed that the Norwegian P index described 66% of the variation in measured relative total P concentration for fields and subcatchments included in this study. Additionally, the P index was able to detect fields and subcatchments with the highest measured P concentrations. Results also showed that the source factor contributed most to the variation between fields and hence were important for the identification of high-risk areas in Skuterud catchment. It was found that the soil P status described 66% of the variation in the source factor. Among the transport variables, it was found that both erosion risk and contributing distance had an important influence on the transport factor. Overall, the study illustrated the potential of the P index to detect areas with the highest risk of P loss. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

A book to avoid
I have only just come across this title, which rather surprised me since I reckon to have a very comprehensive library of similar titles, which I attempt to keep up to date. However, having purchased the volume, I realised why I had not heard of it. It is a waste of money, and a waste of bookshelf space. Despite the claim of the preface that "This volume provides in-depth coverage of... endangered species through an extensive bibliography and author, title and subject indexes [sic].", it does nothing of the sort. It is difficult to imagine how a publisher could commit to print a book, which is simply a bibliography, nothing more, nothing less, which is so incompetent. The very first page shows a major failing: the titles are listed alphabetically -- a sensible and normal procedure -- but it is not normal or sensible to include the indefinite and definite articles in the index -- consequently there are several pages of books which, because the title begins with 'The' are extremely difficult to find. I presume this bibliography was generated from a computerised library data base -- how else explain the inclusion such titles as "Husbands, an Endangered species, by Lucille Lavender, 1982? The titles relating to endangered species are a pretty random selection. -- some are very detailed, dealing with a single species, but others of major importance, such as various IUCN publications are completely omitted. And the indexes [sic] are obviously of dubious value, when Jane Thornback's work is listed, but her name does not appear in the index. There are many more mistakes of omission and commission, but these few will do to demonstrate its failings. Six people are credited as being involved editorially in some way or other -- they should be ashamed of publishing a volume as poorly edited as this. Since I have published various books and papers on this subject, I am clearly biased, but nonetheless, I feel a word of warning is needed concerning a book as poorly researched as the present volume.

John A Burton
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The Measurement of Urban Home Environment was first published in 1936. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. No. 11. Institute of Child Welfare Monograph Series This volume contributes a validation and standardization of The Minnesota Home Status Index; a scale constructed by Professor Alice Leahy that gives numerical expression to the nature and extent of variation existing in living conditions of urban homes. Leahy describes the methods used in constructing the index and discusses the significance of her findings. Also included are accounts of previous studies in this field, bibliography, and appendix of schedules used in Leahy's investigation. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Estuaries are among the most productive ecosystems and simultaneously among the most threatened by conflicting human activities which damage their ecological functions, namely their nursery role for many fish species. A thorough assessment of the anthropogenic pressures in Portuguese estuarine systems (Douro, Ria de Aveiro, Mondego, Tejo, Sado, Mira, Ria Formosa and Guadiana) was made applying an aggregating multi-metric index, which quantitatively evaluates influences from key components: dams, population and industry, port activities and resource exploitation. Estuaries were ranked from most (Tejo) to least pressured (Mira), and the most influential types of pressure identified. In most estuaries overall pressure was generated by a dominant group of pressure components, with several systems being afflicted by similar problematic sources. An evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic pressures on the most important sparidae, soleidae, pleuronectidae, moronidae and clupeidae species that use these estuaries as nurseries was also performed. To consolidate information and promote management an ecological conceptual model was built to identify potential problems for the nursery function played by these estuaries, identifying pressure agents, ecological impacts and endpoints for the anthropogenic sources quantified in the assessment. This will be important baseline information to safeguard these vital areas, articulating information and forecasting the potential efficacy of future management options. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A daily air pollution index (PI) has been developed and implemented at the urban area of Naples (Italy). Data gathered from nine monitoring stations during 2001-2002 have been analysed and a PI has been developed and applied. The index aims at measuring the status of air pollution with respect to its effect on human health. It can be seen as a modified version of air quality index of Environmental Protection Agency taking into consideration the limit values ruling in Europe. A procedure to evaluate the PI at each monitoring site and on the overall urban area is reported. Additive effects of air pollutants have also been considered and the PI re-evaluated. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Remote Sensing of Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A simple data analysis technique for vegetation leaf area index (LAI) using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data is presented. The objective is to generate LAI data that is appropriate for numerical weather prediction. A series of techniques and procedures which includes data quality control, time-series data smoothing, and simple data analysis is applied. The LAI analysis is an optimal combination of the MODIS observations and derived climatology, depending on their associated errors @s"o and @s"c. The ''best estimate'' LAI is derived from a simple three-point smoothing technique combined with a selection of maximum LAI (after data quality control) values to ensure a higher quality. The LAI climatology is a time smoothed mean value of the ''best estimate'' LAI during the years of 2002-2004. The observation error is obtained by comparing the MODIS observed LAI with the ''best estimate'' of the LAI, and the climatological error is obtained by comparing the ''best estimate'' of LAI with the climatological LAI value. The LAI analysis is the result of a weighting between these two errors. Demonstration of the method described in this paper is presented for the 15-km grid of Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC)'s regional version of the numerical weather prediction model. The final LAI analyses have a relatively smooth temporal evolution, which makes them more appropriate for environmental prediction than the original MODIS LAI observation data. They are also more realistic than the LAI data currently used operationally at the MSC which is based on land-cover databases. ... Read more

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Sypolt has compiled the first comprehensive national bibliography since 1943 of the Civilian Conservation Corps— of which he himself is a former member. Over 2,000 sources are meticulously cited, making this work an essential one-stop reference guide for those interested in learning more about the institution which has, since its humble 1933 inception, provided jobs for many unemployed youth, planted billions of trees, built many miles of trails, and created numerous pavilions, picnic areas, lakes, and dams across America.

Practical sub-divisions within the book aid in making research efficient for the reader, so that he or she may look up sources directly pertaining to his or her interest— whether that be the role of minorities in the Corps or seeing what has been written about CCC Camp Libraries— instead of having to wade through countless irrelevant works. Civilian Conservation Corps spans more than just the traditional sources of information; incorporated into this research guide are all types of literature, training guides, and other media, including: Films; Photographs; Maps; Internet Resources; Oral Histories; Museums. The author's primary purpose in compiling this edition is to direct scholars, researchers, federal and state parks, forests, and preservation personnel and historic preservationists in their research and to point them in the direction of the vast literature pertaining to the topic.

Customer Reviews (1)

A Monumental Accomplishment
This is a fantastic bibliography of 2,198 publications and sources for CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) research.It is a monumental accomplishment and should be available in every library and university.I answer inquiries from the Internet about the CCC and have begun to recommend either the purchase of this book or that inquiring individuals ask their libraries to order it.It would have saved me years of research and writing Gold Medal CCC Company 1538: A Documentary, if it had been available then.The book is broken down into various categories, which greatly facilitate CCC research. It is an invaluable research tool. I would give a 10 star rating if 5 stars weren't the upper limit.Larry Sypolt has made a tremendous contribution to promote awareness of this neglected, but deserving, part of American history.

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This digital document is a journal article from Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Urban change analysis has traditionally been supported through land use/cover classification and map-to-map comparison. In this research, we investigate the usefulness of satellite-derived imperviousness index as an alternative for urban spatial growth characterization. The study area, Pensacola, FL, has witnessed considerable growth in population and regional economies during the past decade. The research consists of a number of procedures. First, we identify a method for landscape imperviousness estimation by synergistic use of medium-resolution satellite imagery and high-resolution color orthophoto through multivariate statistical analysis. We apply this method to map landscape imperviousness index for the years of 1989 and 2002, respectively. We assess the maps' accuracy with the imperviousness estimation from high-resolution DOQQ imagery as the reference. The overall error is estimated to be less than 10%. Then, we analyze the spatio-temporal changing trend of landscape imperviousness index with the emphasis upon some 'hot' spots of development areas. We find that this trend is compatible with the urban land use/cover changing trend detected through image interpretation. We conclude that satellite-derived landscape imperviousness index is able to serve as an invaluable alternative for quick and objective assessment of urban spatial growth, particularly over large areas. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Remote Sensing of Environment, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Vegetation indices and transformations have been used extensively in forest change detection studies. In this study, we processed multitemporal normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) and tasseled cap wetness (TCW) data sets and compared their statistical relationships and relative efficiencies in detecting forest disturbances associated with forest type and harvest intensity at five, two and one year Landsat acquisition intervals. The NDMI and TCW were highly correlated (>0.95 r^2) for all five image dates. There was no significant difference between TCW and NDMI for detecting forest disturbance. Using either a NDMI or TCW image differencing method, when Landsat image acquisitions were 5 years apart, clear cuts could be detected with nearly equal accuracy compared to images collected 2 years apart. Partial cuts had much higher commission and omission errors compared to clear cut. Both methods had 7-8% higher commission and 12-22% higher omission error to detect hardwood disturbance when it occurred in the first year of the 2-year interval (as compared to 1-year interval). Softwood and hardwood change detection errors were slightly higher at 2-year Landsat acquisition intervals compared to 1-year interval. For images acquired 1 and 2 years apart, NDMI forest disturbance commission and omission errors were slightly lower than TCW. The NDMI can be calculated using any sensor that has near-infrared and shortwave bands and is at least as accurate as TCW for detecting forest type and intensity disturbance in biomes similar to the Maine forest, particularly when Landsat images are acquired less than 2 years apart. Where partial cutting is the most dominant harvesting system as is currently the case in northern Maine, we recommend images collected every year to minimize (particularly omission) errors. However, where clear cuts or nearly complete canopy removal occurs, Landsat intervals of up to 5 years may be nearly as accurate in detecting forest change as 1 or 2 year intervals. ... Read more