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Chapters: Sheba, East African Campaign, Aksumite Empire, Habesh, Alula Engida, Eritrean Ascari, Italian Guerrilla War in Ethiopia, List of Colonial Heads of Eritrea, Bahta Hagos, Third Eritrean Civil War, Eritrean Civil Wars, Eritrean People's Liberation Front, Francesco de Martini, 2000s in Eritrea, Alfredo Guzzoni, Qohaito, History of the Jews in Eritrea, Hawulti, List of Colonial Heads of Italian East Africa, United Nations Security Council Resolution 828, Arsinoe, National Museum of Eritrea, Banca Per L'africa Orientale, Eritrean Tallero, Sembel. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 117. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its Greek form Erythraía (Greek alphabet Ερυθραία), and its derived Latin form Erythræa. In the past, Eritrea had given its name to the Red Sea, then called the Erythræan Sea. The Italians created the colony of Eritrea in the 19th century around Asmara, and named it with its current name. After World War II Eritrea was annexed to Ethiopia. In 1991 the People's Liberation Front defeated the Ethiopian government. Eritrea officially celebrated its independence on May 24, 1992. In 1995 One of the oldest hominids, representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found in Buya, Eritrea by Italian scientists dated to over 1 million years old (the oldest of its kind), providing a link between hominids and the earliest humans. It is also believed that Eritrea was on the route out of Africa that was used by early man to colonize the rest of the Old World. Furthermore, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists, discovered in 1999 a site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125 000 years old (from the paleolithic) era nea...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=988219 ... Read more

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Few countries in Africa have a more glorious history than Ethiopia; few have had as tragic a past. These two aspects of a nation that has struggled to survive over centuries have never been more poignant than today. In the dozen or so years since the first edition, rapid change both worldwide and in Ethiopia necessitated this revised edition. New entries as well as revised and expanded existing ones bring this work up to date. It should be noted that this book was completed shortly before Eritrea withdrew from Ethiopia and became an independent state on May 24, 1993, and therefore contains considerable material on Eritrea as well as Ethiopia, although the former is only treated as a region. It is not unusual in such a time of flux that less should be known about Ethiopia now than two decades ago when things were more settled. This dictionary will help trace some of the people and institutions whose fate was not easy to follow. It also informs us about new leaders and groups that have risen, sometimes quite suddenly, to take their place. However, despite the amazing comprehensive view of Ethiopia as it was until recently, is today, and may perhaps be tomarrow, great attention is paid to more remote history. Added to this are useful entries on the ethnic groups that inhabit the land and their customs and practices, plus an overall view of the economic and cultural situation. The author's introduction provides an overview of the country and its people, religion, languages, education, health conditions, economy, and the like. The dictionary proper gives information succinctly on prominent persons, important historical events, customs, places, and other topics. There is a 200-page bibliography arranged in 20 categories. An unusual feature is an index to the dictionary, multiplying its usefulness by interconnecting related fields. ... Read more

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For anyone who wants the facts, the light, before the heat.
A very methodical and objective look at the roots of one of the most heated, longest, bitter, and sadly unnoticed wars of our time.The author shows the context through scholarly research of documents and statements that proceeded the eruption of the roof of Northeast Africa, now Eritrea and Ethiopia.I believe it is a gem of objective refrence in an often emotionally charged field. ... Read more

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War And Beyond This book investigates the promise of education, as understood by adults, and the practice of educators-teachers, administrators, and educational policy makers-in the newly independent nation of Eritrea.In May 1991, the Eritrean People's Liberation Army "swept 100,000 besieged Ethiopian soldiers out of Asmara, the Eritrean capital," ending 30 years of Ethiopian occupation and Africa's longest continuous modern war.On May 24,1993, Eritrea declared itself an independent nation.On May 28, Eritrea joined the United Nations.

The Eritrean independence struggle became synonymous with "self-reliance"- a 30-year war fought from wholly within the country by a politically mobilized population supporting a large, well-trained army using captured weapons.The historical and political necessity of Eritrean self-reliance forced Eritreans to plan and test-while fighting for-the kind of society they wanted.

The Eritrean People's Liberation Front, or EPLF, the leadership of the independence war and subsequently the core of the provisional Government of Eritrea (from May 1991) and now (since May 1993) of the Government of Eritrea, has had long-standing plans for the redesign of education to meet the country's needs in the era of peace and political independence.In her 1990 film, ERITREA, Susan Kalish observed:

Envisioning a world beyond war, Eritreans give highest priority to education.Children are enrolled in schools inside liberated Eritrea and in neighboring Sudan.Classrooms are camouflaged to avoid detection by Ethiopian bombers.In the upper grades, classes are taught in English.Fluency in English will keep Eritreans current with worldwide developments in science and technology.English will also help an independent Eritrea community.Adult education is also a high priority.In literacy classes, peasants and fighters alike are being retrained and prepared for independence and self-determination.

Also in 1990, Roy Paterman cited as one of his reasons for "predicting the ultimate success" of the EPLF the close relationship between Eritrean peasants and the movement: "Peasants," explained Paterman, "have been as important as technology in transforming societies,"However, "peasants are most likely to revolt if faced with a new or sudden imposition which by the Ethiopian regime, of "land reform" and collective farming, swung peasant support decisively to the EPLF in the 1970s.Since then, the EPLF has managed to introduce many reforms, including land redistribution ."Peasant acceptance of the EPLF's land reform policy has been a major reason for the EPLF's continued ability to mobilize popular support," Pateman concluded.The EPLF, Richard Leonard observed in 1988, has not only been doing things in a very sensible manner, but doing first things first.Since Eritrea is a peasant society, growth and development must begin with the peasantry.The EPLF has recognised this, and in terms of actions undertaken and results obtained, attention is cent [e] red on the peasantry.First things first means beginning with the creation of local democratic organs of self-government.It means involving peasants in such a way that it is they who are the fundamental actors in developing rural society. ... Read more

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The port of Adulis was one of greatest significance in Antiquity. It is best known for its role in Aksumite trade during the fourth - seventh centuries AD. However it is also a major port of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a sailors' hand-book of the first century AD. Not only did it offer a good harbour on the route to India, but it was a source for luxuries such as ivory, tortoise-shell and rhinoceros horn. The site was first identified by Henry Salt, in 1810, but there have always been a number of problems, both chronological and topographical, with the identification. Firstly, the surface pottery is late in date and accords with Aksumitic importance rather than the Roman. Secondly, Adulis is referred to as a port, but it is today 7 km from the sea. The Periplus refers to an island approached by a causeway, which suggested to some that the site was originally at Massawa, 60 km to the north, a town which today comprises islands connected by causeways. The work of Cosmas Indicopleustes, 'Christian Topography' written in the 6th Century AD, mentions two other places, Gabaza and Samidi, which have never been identified. The field work on which this book is based resolves these issues. It is suggested that Roman Adulis underlies the Aksumite city. Also the pottery and structures on the Galala hills to the south, show that this was almost certainly the site of Aksumite Gabaza. However, off the seaward end of the hills is a rock which would have been a small island in Roman times and on it was a scatter of 1st century AD Roman wine amphorae (Dressel 2-4). The Periplus tells us that ships used to moor of Diodorus Island which was connected to the mainland by a causeway, but was later moved to an island called Oreine (hilly) for greater security. The latter can be none other than Dese which is the only hilly island in the area and on it field survey has located a fine harbour and an early Roman settlement. The remaining site, Samidi, has also been found, for 7 km north of Adulis are large stone mounds. Architectural fragments and fragments of human bone suggest that this may have been an impressive mausoleum, perhaps the burial place of the kings of Adulis. ... Read more

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Ras Alula was one of the big men or Telek Saw who played aprominent role in the making of modern Ethiopia. He was famous enoughto be lamented by a British historian as, "the greatest leader thatabyssinia has produced since the death of the emperor Theodore in1868." As remembered by the Ethiopians and reflected in theirliterature, "The famous and brave Ras Alula." ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

This is unique, interesting and well documented book
I read with great interest Haggai's latest book: "Ras Alula and the Scramble for Africa: A Political Biography: Ethiopia & Eritrea 1875-1897"

As most people agree this is unique, interesting and well documented book. Only I wish, for historical reason, the title was different. For instance Abyssinia rather than "Eritrea & Ethiopia" because these names were given by colonial powers that divided and ruled the country with disastrous consequence that we all know.

He should be applauded for his effort and great interest in Abyssinian unique history.

Deborah Jessie
Paris, France ... Read more

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AMAZING!!!
Very informative.It gave me much insight into the rich history of Eritrea and its people.I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in the passion for freedom. ... Read more

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WITH A GROUP OR ALONE.......
THIS BOOK WAS VERY HELPFUL TO ME ON MY VISIT TO ERITREA, I HAD NEVER BEEN THERE BEFORE AND IT PROVIDED ME WITH A VALUABLE REFERENCE GUIDE.MY FAMILY CONNECTED ME TO MY ROOTS BUT THE BOOK HELPED ME EXPLORE ALL THE DIFFERENT POINTS OF INTEREST IN ASMARA AND THE REST OF ERITREA.IF YOUR LOOKING FOR A GROUP TO TOUR ERITREA WITH, GO TO N.U.E.Y.S HEADQUARTERS IN ASMARA.THEY GIVE TOURS IN THE SUMMER. ONE LOVE. ... Read more

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In the 1990s, after 30 years of war with neighboring Ethiopia, the small northeastern African nation of Eritrea won its independence and embarked on the monumental task of reconstruction. At the heart of this effort was the quest of hundreds of thousands of returning refugees and demobililized soldiers who hoped to make new lives for themselves and their families.As an in-depth study by a central figure in the Eritrean reintegration process, this book examines the obstacles these returnees—a significant majority of whom were women—faced. Through extensive interviews and surveys, Amanuel Mehreteab elicited firsthand reports of the returnees’ continuing struggles for land, education, health, family, and community partnerships. He also examines the roles of the new Eritrean government and international aid organizations in establishing social rehabilitation programs and policies for the returnees. In addition, the author pays special attention to the impact of gender inequities on the reintegration process.Wake Up, Wudassie! contributes to the growing field of post-conflict studies and will serve as an important resource for individuals, agencies, and governments. ... Read more

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This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Eritrea spans several millennia, starting with the discovery of some of the earliest known hominid remains and continuing on to Eritrea's early encounters with Christianity (4th century) and Islam (7th century). The main focus of this book, however, is on the formation of the modern nation-state under a succession of colonial powers, its 30-year war for independence, and its emergence in the 1990s as a new country. The book also maps the numerous conflicts Eritrea has been involved in since then with its neighbors and identifies the key players within the government and ruling party, as well as the externally based opposition.This ready reference relates the history of Eritrea, from ancient times to the present, through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, events, places, and organizations, as well as entries on politics, economy, society, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Eritrea. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

The Agony of MY People
This was an extremely moving book about one man's experience of growing up in war and persecution infested Eritrea.It is a rare account from this small country in East Africa with a very powerful message.Definitely worthwhile to read. ... Read more