Geometry.Net - Basic_F: Faults Geology

Boggy's Links To Structural Geology And Rock Deformations
the Department of geology at University College Dublin. The function of the FAGis to carry out basic scientific research on all aspects of faults and other
http://geologylinks.freeyellow.com/tecdef.html
A New Version Of Ice Geology
Umbriel shows no evidence at all for an active geology. Ariel hasa planetwide system of fissure eruptions and faults. Finally
http://www.etext.org/Zines/Quanta/triton.html

Extractions: Although we did not get as good a view of Triton as we did of the moons of Saturn or Jupiter, the pictures that the world has received have shown that the surfaces of the ice worlds of the outer solar system cannot be pigeonholed and categorized, but studied as subjects in their own right. However, before 1986, certain types of ice-based surfaces had been noticed on the moons of Saturn and Jupiter; and it is with a short explanation of these that I begin this small article on Triton. Uranus's quadruplets look nothing like each other, aside from the cratering that all bodies in the solar system have suffered. Oberon, the outermost, shows some evidence of crater-filling volcanism, but none for fissure eruptions or faulting. Titania has the start of faulting and fissure eruptions, in addition to some crater-filling. Umbriel shows no evidence at all for an active geology. Ariel has a planet-wide system of fissure eruptions and faults. Finally and most extremely, Miranda shows almost all types of volcanism and tectonism faults, fissure eruptions of both pure and carbonaceous ice, and compressional faults. About the only type of volcanism that it fails to have is what we associate with when we hear the word ``volcano'' mountainous volcanism. Finally, we come to Triton. As you may have expected, Triton has a geological ``style'' all its own. Using the pictures from the November Scientific American, I have noticed some features that could be caused by the moon's internal geological processes. The first, going from south to north, are the plumes covering the polar cap. These are probably ``lava'' (most likely carbonaceous ice) from local volcanos. The second is the polar cap itself, caused by volcanic outgassing. The third is the system of faults in the non-capped areas, probably the result of expansion of the core as the frozen crust trapped the heat. The fourth are the open, unmarked areas; caused by ice ``lava flows'' flooding lowlands and freezing. The fifth is the ``cantaloupe'' terrain that seems to cover the rest of the moon; this complex of hills and valleys could be the result of local volcanism. Much of the terrain is uncratered, which means that the moon is still active.
Explore Montana Geology
you can take a map with you and experience Montana's geology first hand. Northweststrikingthrust faults of probable Cretaceous age are the oldest structures
http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/montana_geology.htm

Extractions: Explore Montana's geology!! GO Outreach Time Line Geologic Map Segments From the western mountains that have been uplifted and folded by tectonics, fashioned by glaciers to the wide eastern plains filled by glacial till, sculpted by wind and water, Montana is known for its diverse and challenging geology. Time Line Geologic time, from the formation of the Earth at ~4.6 billion years ago to the present, is understood and represented by layered rocks throughout the world. By understanding the relative ages of layered and cross cutting rocks, and the fossils they contain, geologists have come up with a geologic time scale. The relative ages are cross-correlated with numerical ages derived from radioactive isotopes of elements contained in some of the geologic units. Using fossils and radiometric ages, geologists can compare the geologic strata of Montana with, say, the "type section" of Devonian rocks exposed in the Devon area of southern England. These map segments are from the Montana portion of the Missoula West Quadrangle (
Contents - Basic Geology Course
Introduction geology, What is it? Why Study the Earth? Normal faults; Horstsand Gabens; HalfGrabens; Reverse faults; Thrust Fault; Strike Slip faults;
http://earthsci.org/teacher/basicgeol/contents.html
PDG Getchell Geology And Mineralization
geology and Mineralization Regional and detailed syntheses indicate the known golddeposits within The lowangle faults and associated folds are the result of
http://www.placerdome.com/properties/getchell/getchell_geology.html

Extractions: Regional and detailed syntheses indicate the known gold deposits within the Getchell Trend are Carlin- type, sediment-hosted, replacement deposits containing micron gold. Gold mineralization is found in a number of different rock types generally at the intersection of a number of high-angle and low-angle fault sets. The low-angle faults and associated folds are the result of Devonian and Permian-age compressional events and the higher angle faults and fracture sets formed during Tertiary extension.Mineralization is both structurally and stratigraphically controlled. Gold is associated with arsenic, mercury, and to a lesser extent antimony, and commonly with pervasive decalcification, silicification and carbonaceous alteration. Gold is micron-scale generally intergrown with arsenical pyrite, which in turn, is encrusted in barren, diagenetic pyrite. Late stage realgar and orpiment are commonly associated with high-grade ores. The Getchell property consists of the Getchell, Turquoise Ridge and N Zone deposits. The Getchell deposit is found within the Getchell fault and footwall to the fault. Footwall orebodies are at intersections of northeast, north-south and northwest trending faults hosted in carbonaceous limestone, silty limestone and calcareous mudstone breccias. The Turquoise Ridge deposit is hosted by hornfelsed mudstone, limestones, calcareous mudstones and some pillow basalts, and are generally located at the intersection of north-south, northeast and northwest trending faults. The N Zone deposit is hosted within interbedded, carbonaceous mudstones and limestones and calcareous mudstone breccias of Ordovician age. Gold distribution is related to low-angle structural zones, and intersecting, high-angle north-south and northeast trending faults. Anticlines trending to the northwest and the northeast play a significant role in localizing gold.
UNB GEOLOGY 1001 Lecture 19 - Transform Plate Boundaries
UNB geology 1001 Lecture 19 Transform Plate Boundaries. In earlier lectures Idescribed transform plate boundaries as strike-slip faults with essentially
http://www.unb.ca/courses/geol1001a/lec-19.htm

Extractions: This lecture describes some of the major features of transform plate boundaries. In earlier lectures I described transform plate boundaries as strike-slip faults with essentially vertical (90 o Most transform plate boundaries occur along the mid-ocean spreading ridges where they offset the ridges to account for the interaction of relatively constant spreading rates along ridges located on the surface of a sphere. In this setting, transform plate boundaries link segments of divergent margin or ridge. Transform plate boundaries can also link a subduction zone and a spreading center (ridge). The classic example of this case is the San Andreas Fault that entends from the northern end of the spreading center in the Sea of Cortez (between Baja California and the Mexican mainland) to Cape mendocino in Northern California. The development of this transform margin is discussed in detail in Focus 10.4 on pp. 270-271 of the text book. Basically, the transform developed due to the subduction of a segment of the East Pacific Rise (a Mid-Ocean Ridge spreading center) under the North American plate. The transform boundary developed because as the ridge was subducted, the sense of movement between the North American plate the the adjacent oceanic plate reversed (from convergent to divergent. Thus, where the ridge was subducted, subduction stopped and the boundary between the two plates changed into a transform Boundary.
UNB GEOLOGY 1001 Lecture 12 - Deformation And Structures
UNB geology 1001 Lecture 12 Deformation and Structures. enough and the conditionsare right, they can cause the rocks to break (fracture) and form faults.
http://www.unb.ca/courses/geol1001a/lec-12.htm

Extractions: Deformation of Rocks The rocks that make up the Earth's crust and upper mantle are subjected to stress as a consequence of plate movements and applied load due to burial to various depths in the Earth. In contrast to burial loads, which are hydrostatic ( i.e. , omnidirectional), the stresses applied due to plate movements are directional. These directional stresses can cause deformation of the rocks to which they are applied, or if they are large enough and the conditions are right, they can cause the rocks to break (fracture) and form faults. In order to understand the effects of applied stresses to rocks let consider a diagram of stress versus strain (volumetric or angular change in the rocks). The diagram at left is a stress-strain diagram which shows how rocks respond to applied stress. At low stresses, rocks are elastic solids. An elastic solid experiences a strain (angular of volume change) that is directly proportional to the applied stress (blue line in the figure). In other words, as the stress increases the strain anlso increases. If the stress is below the elastic limit (blue dot in the figure), the strain is reversible in that it will disappear if the stress is removed. In this region, where strain is directly proportional to stress, the slope of the curve is constant. That slope, the ratio of stress to strain, is called the Elastic Modulus If the stress increases above the elastic limit, the strain become irreversible and the rock is permanently deformed . That is, the rock does not recover its volume or shape when the stress is removed. Such deformation is called
Research - Geology Of The Kish Bank Basin
2568, between the Lambey and Dalkey faults, indicated a Lower Liassic age. Reactivationof faults probably occurred during Tertiary times.
http://www.tcd.ie/Natural_Resources/Geoscience/prog/fpa2.htm

Extractions: Click here to see geological map. Geoseismic section across the SW margin of the Kish Bank Basin, showing a thick sequence of Jurassic strata beneath flat-lying Pleistocene sediments as interpreted by Broughan et al., (1989). Click here to see a summary of stratigraphy from Shell 33/21-1 (spudded 1979) and Fina 33/17-1 (spudded 1986) wells which were drilled in the basin. In plan view, the strata becomes progressively older towards the SE. Pre-rift rocks of Upper Carboniferous age (SE of basin) unconformably overlie Lower Palaeozoic basement. These are unconformably overlain by syn-rift Permian and the Lower Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group which are overlain by the Upper Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group. Lower Jurassic (Liassic) rocks, although not encountered in the 3 wells, are believed to overlie the Mercia Mudstone Group and are unconformably overlain by a thin post-rift cover of Tertiary-Quaternary stratigraphy. 2.2.2 Interpretation of Seismic Lines
Metamorphic Core Complexes
41762. Spencer, JE 1984. Role of tectonic denudation in warping and uplift of low-anglenormal faults. geology, 12, 95-98. Thompson, GA McCarthy, J. 1990.
http://www.colorado.edu/GeolSci/Resources/WUSTectonics/CoreComplex/5700.html

Extractions: Schematic Cartoon (Davis and Reynolds, 1996) Metamorphic Core Complexes (MCCs) are unique geologic structures present in the North American Cordillera. The basic structure of a MCC consists of a metamorphic basement terrane and an unmetamorphosed cover. Between these structures is a discontinuity, or decollement , which consists of mylonitic fabric . These complexes show evidence of tectonic denudation along low-angle faults with brittle over-prints onto already ductily deformed rock (Armstrong, 1982). The structures are asymmetrically dome like, and usually form the highest topography in the region (Coney, 1980). They are usually formed in a region of thick crust which is gravitationally unstable, and occur in areas of synextensional magmatism. This magmatism is thought to have heated the upper crust and "lubricated" faults (Foster et al, 1993). The major fold axis is parallel to the regional extension and the minor axis is perpendicular (Yin, 1991). Distribution and general regional tectonic setting of Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes are represented in the figure to the left (Figure after Coney, 1980). Their arrangement in the Basin and Range Province is shown in its three divisible regions. The Northern Basin and Range is outlined in Red, Central in Blue, and Southern Basin and Range in Green (boundaries from Sonders and Jones, 1999).
Physical Geology
Structural geology Untitled UNB geology 1001 Lecture 12 Deformation and Structuresuntitled1.html Vince Cronin's Physical geology Notes Folds and faults.
http://math.cochise.edu/People/faculty/wellerr/chapter17.html
Structural.geology.html
Earthquakes How do rocks respond to stress? Stress and Strain. StructuralGeology Rock Behavior. Rock Behavior ductile vs. Joints and faults.
http://geoweb.tamu.edu/courses/geol101/grossman/Structural.geology.html
SEISMOLOGY/GEOLOGY GLOSSARY
AlquistPriolo Act Zoning act passed in 1972 in response to the 1971 SanFernando earthquake to prevent building across the traces of active faults.
http://www.scecdc.scec.org/glossary.html

Extractions: Any earthquake which occurs after a larger earthquake (a mainshock ) within one rupture-length of the original fault rupture and before the seismicity rate in that area has returned to the background (pre-mainshock) level is generally considered an aftershock. For some earthquakes, a specific "aftershock zone" may be defined, in lieu of the one-rupture-length rule given above. An area of the southwestern United States characterized by roughly parallel mountain ranges and valleys, formed by a series of tilted fault blocks, and brought about by tectonic extension of the region. As is true of any region experiencing crustal extension, normal faulting is common here. (This name can apply generally to any zone of similar landforms and tectonics.) A shallow-dipping reverse fault which terminates before it reaches the surface. When it breaks, therefore, it may produce uplift, but never any clear surface rupture. Many still-unknown blind thrust faults may exist in southern California. Two examples of known blind thrust faults: the Elysian Park Thrust, which runs underneath downtown Los Angeles and the Northridge Thrust Fault, which ruptured in the 1994 Northridge quake.
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program
Northwest on 26 January, 1700, and to discuss the past 15 years of earthquake geologyresearch on the Cascadia subduction zone. Quaternary faults and Folds.
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/scitech/research/geology/

Extractions: Latest Quakes For Kids Only Regional Websites HOME ... Apply for an Internship at USGS Earthquake Geology and Paleoseismology USGS and university geologists study the walls of a trench across a recently discovered strand of the Seattle fault Earthquake geology in the broad sense is the study of the history, effects, and mechanics of earthquakes within and on the Earth's crust. Most often, earthquake geology is synonymous with active tectonics , a term used to describe the study of tectonic movements that are expected to occur within a future time span of concern to society. Such definitions overlap considerably with other research topics on this site, such as Crustal Deformation, Seismology and Earth Structure, and Strong Motion and Site Response. Important aspects of earthquake geology include the study of tectonic landforms on the Earth's surface and folds and faults within its crust produced by many earthquakes over thousands to millions of years. To learn more about ongoing research in earthquake geology subscribe to the EQ-GEO-NET listserver at the Geological Survey of Japan.
Geology 130L, Earth And Ocean Sciences, Duke University
considerations of fractures, faults and other brittle deformation features. Understandingthese structures is critical to all aspects of geology related to
http://www.eos.duke.edu/Sched/coursesspg98/geo130_198.html
Vince Cronin's Physical Geology Notes Folds And Faults
Folds and faults. The URL of this web page is http//www.uwm.edu/~vcronin/422100.faults.htmlRevised March 19, 1997 Strike-slip faults are typically vertical.
http://www.uwm.edu/~vcronin/422-100.faults.html
Marine Geology And Geophysics Group Report, Workshop: Seismic And Tsunami Hazard
Marine geology and Geophysics Working Group Report. data will characterize the faultsystems and in so doing will place constraints on how faults link, their
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of99-353/geophysicsgrp.html

Extractions: Engineering ... Acknowledgements Marine Geology and Geophysics Working Group Report Leaders: N. Driscoll (WHOI), K. Scanlon (USGS-CMG) Members: Our long-term objective is to understand the complex interplay between the Puerto Rico Block and the North American and Caribbean plates in order to develop a consistent tectonic model for the geologic development and tectonic evolution of the Puerto Rico Region. Specifically, we will employ a three-pronged approach to define the fault and subduction kinematics operative across the region. We envision that these activities will proceed concomitantly and that the initiatives will be designed to complement and build on the efforts of the other research groups examining the region. The recommended activities are:
Houghton Mifflin College
Student Resource Center geologyLink. Inside geology Folds, faults,and Mountains Lecture Links Related Links News Current Events
http://college.hmco.com/geology/resources/geologylink/toc/topic09.html
Digital Geologic Faults Of Sherman Quadrangle, North-Central Texas
The original map ofgeologic faults was provided by the Bureau of Economic geology in Austin, Texas Type_of_Source_Media map Process_Step Process_
http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/faults.html

Extractions: Available as - [ Outline Parseable text SGML This data set was created for use in a regional ground-water model for the Lake Texoma watershed, for a project by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory located in Ada, Oklahoma, titled "Development of protocols and decision support tools for assessing watershed system assimilative capacity, in support of risked-based ecosystem management and restoration practices." Although this data set was created for use in a specific project, it may be used to make geologic maps, and determine approximate areas and locations of various geologic units.
Hastings Geology
Hastings has three maps of some interest in the archives, a 1972 geology map of onlyHastings, a 1921 USGS map annotated to show faults from Hastings to Carmel
http://www.hastingsreserve.org/Geology/HastingGeology.html
ENC: Curriculum Resources: Virtual Field Geology (ENC-017286, Full Record)
Subjects Craters. Deserts. Earth science. faults. geology. Landforms. Maps. Metamorphicrocks. Plate tectonics. Real data. Real world applications. Science.
http://www.enc.org/resources/records/full/0,1240,017286,00.shtm

Extractions: Search ... Ask ENC Explore online lesson plans, student activities, and teacher learning tools. Search Browse About Curriculum Resources Read articles about inquiry, equity, and other key topics for educators and parents. Create your learning plan, read the standards, and find tips for getting grants. URL: http://seis.natsci.csulb.edu/VIRTUAL_FIELD/vfmain.htm Sample virtual field trip locations include the Rainbow Basin featuring the folded rocks and unconformities, the Pisgah Volcano featuring a young volcanic cinder cone, and the Mecca Hills region where the San Andreas Fault becomes the plate boundary between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. Additional field sites include the Palmdale Roadcut showing deformed rocks by the powerful and extensive movements along the San Andreas Fault, the Palos Verdes Peninsula featuring a tectonic fault block, and the Anza Borrego State Park featuring a wide variety of geology represented in its well exposed desert terrains. Visitors can choose a specific field site from a listing of field sites or from the relief map of Southern California on the homepage. Each field trip site begins with an overview of the geology of the region, road directions for each site (how to get there), and other related websites and references for more information on each site. Each section guides visitors through the region using full color photographs taken by a geology class inspecting each area. It also provides geological maps of the region with detailed explanations. Links to other websites related to geology and virtual field trips are also provided. Abstracted 05/00. (Author/YK)

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