Geometry.Net - Basic_L: Landslides

LANDSLIDES Triggered By Earthquakes
landslides triggered by earthquakes. Definition What are landslides?Causes of landslides. Past landslides Case studies and findings.
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/depts/geo/iainsub/studwebpage/cheng/landslide.html

Extractions: However, this rather vague interpretation was confronted by a more detailed approach from Hutchinson (1988). He suggested that slope movements were categorised into individual groups based on the mechanism of failure. Hutchinson classed them as: fall, topple, i)rotational and ii)translational slides, lateral spreading, flow and complex. 1970 earthquake induced rock and snow avalanche on Mt.Huascaran, Peru Landslides are not individual events. they often occur in conjunction with at least one other contributary factor. There are a countless number of factors involved in the landslide process and in respect, landslides can be the cause of other secondary effects.
Woodway Landslide Monitoring
Raw data files and aerial view of area.
http://landslides.usgs.gov/woodway/
DAAC Study: When Land Slides
by Laurie J. Schmidt December 21, 2001. Summer of 2001 was a seasonof devastating landslides. During June and July, landslides and
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Landslide/

Extractions: December 21, 2001 Summer of 2001 was a season of devastating landslides. During June and July, landslides and floods throughout China's southern provinces left thousands dead or homeless. At least 35 people died in a landslide west of Kathmandu, Nepal, and intense rain triggered severe flooding and landslides in 20 counties in West Virginia. In August, a landslide caused Ecuador's Sote oil pipeline to break, spilling some 1,000 barrels of crude oil and halting oil transport for a week. The Slumgullion landslide in Hinsdale County, Colorado, probably dammed Lake Fork between 800 and 900 years ago. Based on photogeologic analysis, it appears to be the only landslide in the area with continuously moving material. (Image courtesy of the USGS Slumgullion Field Trip . A new browser window will open.)
Hawaii - Landslides
Debris from the enormous Nuuanu and Wailau landslides off Oahu and Molokai isvisible in the bathymetric data, extending hundreds of kilometers to the
http://www.mbari.org/volcanism/Hawaii/HR-Landslides.htm

Extractions: Hot spot research highlights Landslides Debris from the enormous Nuuanu and Wailau landslides off Oahu and Molokai is visible in the bathymetric data, extending hundreds of kilometers to the northeast of those islands. All of the other Hawaiian islands have experienced catastrophic landslides as well. Image © 2001 MBARI The discussions below are paraphrased from abstracts of papers published by the Submarine Volcanism group. Conditions for landslides and canyon formation MOLOKAI - The main break-in-slope on the northern submarine flank of Molokai at 1500 to 1250m depth is a shoreline feature that has been slightly modified by the Wailau landslide. Submarine canyons above the break-in-slope were subaerially carved. Where such canyons cross the break-in-slope, plunge pools may form by erosion from bedload carried down the canyons. West Molokai Volcano's continued infrequent eruptions formed a series of small coastal sea cliffs, now submerged, as the island subsided. Lavas exposed at the break-in-slope are subaerially erupted and emplaced tholeiitic shield lavas. Submarine rejuvenated-stage volcanic cones formed after the landslide took place and following at least 400-500m of subsidence after the main break-in-slope had formed. The sea cliff on east Molokai is not the headwall of the landslide, nor did it form entirely by erosion. It may mark the location of a listric fault similar to the Hilina faults on present-day Kilauea Volcano. The Wailau landslide occurred about 1.5 Ma and the Kalaupapa Peninsula most likely formed 330
Peninsulas Emergency Preparedness Committee - Landslides In Western Washington
landslides. PEPC PO Box 1217 GIG HARBOR , WA 98335 prepare@pep-c.org.Web site of PEP-C Web Site. landslides. General Information The
http://www.pep-c.org/landslides/
CVO Menu - Debris Avalanches And Volcanic Landslides
Debris Avalanches and Volcanic landslides. History of landslides and Debris Flowsat Mount Rainier Scott and Vallance, 1993, USGS OpenFile Report 93-111;
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/DebrisAval/framework.html

Extractions: USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington Maps, Graphics, and Images Items of Interest Adams (Mount Adams), Washington, Debris Avalanche - Menu Bandai, Japan - 1888 Debris Avalanche Bandai, Japan - Japan Volcanoes Menu includes Bandai 1888 Debris Avlananche California Highway-50 Landslide Monitoring Project - Menu Castle Lake Wells Project, Mount St. Helens, Washington - Menu Debris Dams and Debris Dam Lakes - Menu general information about debris dams and the lakes created by them Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World Costa and Schuster, 1991, USGS Open-File Report 91-239
CVO Menu - Projects And Research - Monitoring Active Landslides
Monitoring of Active landslides. California Highway 50 landslides Menu Project Summary, Reports, Real-Time Data, Photo Archives, etc.
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Projects/ActiveLandslides/framework.html
AGPix.com
landslides / Alex S. MacLean About, Images, Stocklist, Latest Coverage.landslides / Alex S. MacLean 33 Richdale Ave. Cambridge
http://www.agpix.com/photographer/prime/A0093820.html

Extractions: THE FILE 230,000+ 35mm; 1975 to present. OVERVIEW Specialist in hand-held aerial photography that initially served architects and urban planners. Now engaged in a broader range of aerial photo projects for diverse clients in all parts of the countryfrom regional surveys for site selection to photographing the America's Cup for Polaroid to shooting aerial panoramics of clear-cuts for Life. Images reproduced in ad campaigns, books, magazines, slide and video shows as well as being incorporated into museums, university and private collections. Two published collections of images in Taking Measures Across the American Landscape (Yale University Press, 1996) and
USGS Learning Web :: Explorers :: Landslides (Hazards)
landslides. Text adapted from USGS Hazards landslides page landslidesare termed the sleeper of all the geologic hazards. Though
http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/explorer/topic_hazards_landslides.asp

Extractions: TEXT VERSION - Text adapted from USGS Hazards: Landslides page Landslides are termed the sleeper of all the geologic hazards. Though incited by snowmelt, rain, poor excavation, or earthquakes, they sometimes startle the unsuspecting homeowner with the ferocity of their rapid movement, or the slow stretching of the once peaceful terrain. Landslides constitute a major geologic hazard because they are widespread, occurring in all 50 States, and cause $1-2 billion in damages and more than 25 fatalities on average each year. Landslides pose serious threats to highways and structures that support fisheries, tourism, timber harvesting, mining, and energy production, as well as general transportation. Landslides commonly occur with other major natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods. They exacerbate relief and reconstruction efforts, and expanded development and other land use has increased the incidence of landslide disasters.
USGS Learning Web: Explorers: Special Topics: Landslides
Earth Hazards landslides. Volcanoes Earthquakes Floods landslides Text adapted from USGS Hazards landslides page. landslides
http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/textonly/explorer/topic_hazards_landsli

Extractions: The Learning Web Skip Navigational Links Graphic Version Home Students ... Search Explorers: Glossary Resources Careers in Sciences Ask-a-Geologist ... Special Topics Volcanoes Earthquakes Floods Landslides - Text adapted from USGS Hazards: Landslides page Landslides are termed the sleeper of all the geologic hazards. Though incited by snowmelt, rain, poor excavation, or earthquakes, they sometimes startle the unsuspecting homeowner with the ferocity of their rapid movement, or the slow stretching of the once peaceful terrain. Landslides constitute a major geologic hazard because they are widespread, occurring in all 50 States, and cause $1-2 billion in damages and more than 25 fatalities on average each year. Landslides pose serious threats to highways and structures that support fisheries, tourism, timber harvesting, mining, and energy production, as well as general transportation. Landslides commonly occur with other major natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods. They exacerbate relief and reconstruction efforts, and expanded development and other land use has increased the incidence of landslide disasters. Links with the square icon connects to USGS sites.
History Of Landslides And Debris Flows At Mount Rainier
USGS History of landslides and Debris Flows at Mount Rainier. landslideson the volcano leave arcuate scars like the Sunset Amphitheater.
http://wa.water.usgs.gov/fs_landslide.html

Extractions: Water Fact Sheet / Open-File Report 93-111 / Kevin M. Scott and James W. Vallance Many landslides and debris flows have originated from Mount Rainier since the retreat of glaciers from Puget Sound about 10,000 years ago. The recurrent instability is due to several factorsheight of the steep-sided volcanic cone, frequent volcanic activity, continuous weakening of rock by steam and hot, chemical-laden water, and exposure of unstable areas as the mountains glaciers have receded. the landslide scars and deposits tell a fascinating story of the changing shape of the volcano (fig. 1). Landslides occur when part of the volcano "collapses" or fails and slides away from the rest of the volcano. The failed mass rapidly breaks up into a jumble of disaggregated pieces that flow at high velocity like a fluid. Clay and water in the debris cause further change to a liquid slurry known as a debris flow or mudflow. Volcanic debris flows are also widely known by the Indonesian term "lahar." Although the largest debris flows at Rainier form from landslides, many smaller flows are caused by volcanic eruptions, intense rainfall, and glacial-outburst floods. Debris flows look and act like wet, flowing concretethey are about 30 percent water. Velocities of large debris flows can reach more than 50 meters per second (110 mph) on the volcano's steep flanks. Velocities of small flows like those in Tahoma Creek (fig. 2) are commonly in the range of 5 to 10 meters per second (10 to 20 miles per hour).
Simulating Landslides For Natural Disaster Prevention
Simulating landslides for Natural Disaster Prevention. JeanDominiqueGascuel, Marie-Paule Cani-Gascuel, Mathieu Desbrun iMAGIS-GRAVIR
http://w3imagis.imag.fr/FABULE/landslides.html
Taking Winter By Storm
landslides Taking Winter by Storm. Links to resources and information aboutwinter related landslides in the central Puget Sound area. landslides
http://www.govlink.org/storm/slides.htm

Extractions: Landslides Coastal Erosion from El Niño Winter Storms - U.S. Geological Survey Hazards Fact Sheet: Landslides - U.S. Geological Survey National Landslide Hazard Program Landslide Publications and Reports - U.S. Geological Survey Landslide Recognition and Safety Guidelines - U.S. Geological Survey ... Reducing Landslide and Stormwater Erosion Damage: What You Can Do - City of Seattle Dept. of Construction and Land Use (.pdf file) Updated: Nov. 5, 2002 Taking Winter by Storm
Hagerman Fossil Beds NM Landslides Page
Hagerman Fossil Beds NM area has experiences several landslides that are documentedin this page. landslides. Back. There are 4 massive landslides in this photo.
http://www.nps.gov/hafo/landslides.htm

Extractions: Information Paleontology Geology Oregon Trail ... Index Page Landslides Back There are 4 massive landslides in this photo. The slide in the center that flows into the Snake River completely destroyed a million dollar irrigation pump facility. Two workers ran to escape being buried in the slide, fortunately no one was killed. Hidden links are in the photo. Landslide Document
The Causes Of Landsliding:
Causes of landsliding. Geologists use a variety of classification schemesto describe causes of landslides. 1995. landslides Hazard Mitigation.
http://www.planning.org/landslides/docs/causes.htm

Extractions: Research Landslide Hazards and Planning document.write(document.title); Last Updated: 11/20/2002 Search Landslides All of APA Project Home The Problem What Are Landslides? Types of Landslides ... Related Links Landslides in the US See simulation of a slide Contacts Researchers Join mailing list (c) APA Geologists use a variety of classification schemes to describe causes of landslides. Because of wide variety of causes, no single scheme has yet been developed that address or describe all types of landslides. Even the terms assigned to types of landslides are undergoing standardization among geological and scientific international agencies. Some of these will be illustrated in the guidebook, but for an example of a classification scheme that has been widely used outside the U.S. see the following: Geometrical change Gradient Height Slope length Unloading Natural Human-induced Loading Natural Human-induced Shocks and Vibrations Single Multiple/continuous Progressive failure (internal response to unloading, etc.) Expansion, swelling
Landslides
the river. Areas That Are Generally Prone To landslides. On existing cutslope. Areas That Are Generally Safe From landslides. On hard
http://www.ussartf.org/landslides.htm

Extractions: United States Search and Rescue Task Force Landslides Damage To Homes By Landslides WHAT ARE LANDSLIDES? What Are Landslides? The U.S. Geological Survey, working with other federal agencies, has efforts underway to study, plan, and mitigate landslide risks. So have some communities across the country. Many deal with landslides as part of flood control, erosion control, hillside management, earthquake hazard mitigation, road stabilization, and other programs. Perhaps the most common reminders of landslide risks are those "Watch For Falling Rocks" highway signs. Although "sliding rocks" is more apt, very few get to see a land slide. Occasionally we see small rocks or debris on the pavement, but a large size slide usually starts with such small incidents. Visually, a landslide resembles a snow avalanche, only with a louder rumbling noise, and is capable of generating enough force and momentum to wipe anything in its path. One such devastating landslide wiped entire towns and villages in Columbia in 1985 when 20,000 died. The pictures you see on this web site (including the background of this page), are recent examples from around the country. They show what's left after a slide. In some cases, only the rail or pavement is mangled, in others a house or building crushed, but in almost every aftermath, the losses are real, the damages total, and the terrain changes permanent.
Landslides In The West Kootenays Of B.C.
Table of Contents landslides which occurred in 1999, in and around logging androad building activities conducted by SFP during past years Shannon Creek
http://www.watertalk.org/reports/landslides-koot/

Extractions: From May 1998 to December 1999, I investigated 34 landslides, new avalanches and debris torrents in the West Kootenays. Twenty-eight of these events (82%) occurred just below logging roads and/or clearcuts, and in 11 cases, the logging/roads had been done under the British Columbia Forest Practices Code . This suggests that clearcuts and logging roads make a large increase in the likelihood of a landslide. The 82% figure is not out of keeping with what scientific studies have shown elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest. Lawyer/forest ecologist Doug Heiken compiled date from 22 scientific studies which inventoried the relative rate of landslides from intact forest versus clearcuts and logging roads. Clearcuts exhibit landslide rates up to 20 times higher than forested areas, with the average being 13 times. Logging roads exhibited rates of landslide up to 300 times higher than intact forest, with the average being 210 times. (Heiken, 1997). One of the deceptive things about risk assesments is they make us feel we can predict where a landslide might take place, and naturally we think that's in the high hazard areas. But some devastating ones have started on moderate terrain and can travel a considerable distance over low-gradient terrain. We're given to believe that various road engineering techniques would prevent slides on such terrain. However, several of my field inspections show that roads built under the
Office Of Emergency Management
landslides. General. King County was also hard hit by landslide damage in1972. Damages resulting from numerous landslides totaled $1.8 million.
http://www.metrokc.gov/prepare/hiva/landslide.htm

Extractions: Natural Hazards: Technological Hazards: Landslides General The term landslide refers to the downslope movement of masses of rock and soil. Landslides are caused by one or a combination of the following factors: change in slope gradient, increasing the load the land must bear, shocks and vibrations, change in water content, ground water movement, frost action, weathering of rocks, and removal or changing the type of vegetation covering slopes. "By geologic standards, Seattle’s landscape is very, very young. Just 14,000 years ago, the land the city sits on was still under 3,000 feet of ice, part of the Ice Age’s titanic Vashon Glacier, which extended from Canada to south of Olympia. When the ice melted, sea level rose 300 feet and filled the trough the ice had carved, creating Puget Sound. The region is still witnessing the erosion and settling that has followed that tumultuous episode." The soil covering much of King County was left behind by the Vashon Glacier and is prone to slides. The top layer, Vashon till, is a stable mix of rocks, dirt, clay and sand that has the consistency of concrete and can be found to depths up to 30 feet. The next layer, Esperance sand, is a permeable mixture of sand and gravel. This sits upon an impermeable layer of clay, Lawton clay, made up of fine sediments and large boulders. It is this boundary between the clay and sand in which sliding occurs; water percolates through the sand and runs laterally on top of the denser clay. "The build up of water pressure floats the sand above the clay creating lubrication for a deep-seated slide."
CEO - Caucasus Environment Outlook
Nevertheless, there are other environmental disasters landslides, avalanches, mudflows,as well as some unfavourable hydrometeorological processes that are
http://www.gridtb.org/projects/CEO/ch2_9_1.htm

Extractions: Appendix 3 Chapter 2. State of the Caucasus Environment and Policy Measures: a retrospective from 1972 to 2002 2.9 Natural disasters Natural disasters, frequently of catastrophic character, are widespread phenomena in the Caucasus. Fortunately, not all the natural processes are observed in the Caucasus and some have relatively small intensity. The Caucasus is not an active volcanic zone, there are no tropical storms and hurricanes, and cyclones and floods are of much smaller size than those are in tropics or areas with extensive lowland topography. Nevertheless, there are other environmental disasters: landslides, avalanches, mudflows, as well as some unfavourable hydro-meteorological processes that are very real for the Caucasus. Though meteorological processes (frost, drought, sand storms, winds storms, hailstorms, ice storms, etc.) do not lead to human deaths, they may cause very serious economic losses. During the Soviet era, different institutions studied environmental disasters. Some data were also collected. Data collection, however, was irregular and no unified system existed for this. Preventive measures against natural phenomena, such as reforestation, slope terracing, etc. were also conducted. There was no precise methodology for calculating damage incurred from natural disasters.
Landslides
Landslide reports. landslides 14.3.03 No landslides have been reportedthis week. Repair of highway dropouts continues on SH 25 between
http://www.gns.cri.nz/hazardwatch/latest/blog/slip.html

Extractions: Recent rain caused several landslides that partially blocked State Highway 35 between Pakarae Bridge and Hicks Bay on the east coast of the North Island, with the highway down to one lane in many places. The highway was expected to be re-opened to two lanes on Friday, 7 March, except for a dropout between Kopuaroa and Ihungia Road north of Te Puia Springs, which may take several weeks to repair. posted by jeff 2003_03_01_sliparch.html#90272130">2:22 PM

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