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This digital document is an article from New Hampshire Business Review, published by Business Publications, Inc. on September 24, 2010. The length of the article is 446 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Legal aid: health reform on Nashua chamber's breakfast menu.
Author: Unavailable
Publication: New Hampshire Business Review (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 24, 2010
Publisher: Business Publications, Inc.
Volume: 32Issue: 20Page: 5(1)

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* *In many countries a three-month-old foetus can be aborted--so what does the law say about the poisoning of an unborn child by a toxic spill, HIV infection or the future damage of climate change?

* * This ground-breaking work examines the right of the unborn to health; sure to send shockwaves through governments, polluting industries, NGOS and legal departments dealing with pollution, human health and the rights of the unborn

* *Comprehensive coverage of key international legal instruments, cases from Bhopal to Chernobyl, and arguments on environmental harm, justice and the rights of future generations to health

The traditional concept of social justice is increasingly being challenged by the notion of a humankind which spans current and future generations. This book is the first systematic examination of how the rights of the unborn and future generations are handled in common law and under international legal instruments. It provides comprehensive coverage of the arguments over international legal instruments, key legal cases and examples including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, industrial disasters, clean water provision, diet, HIV/AIDS, environmental racism and climate change. The result is the most controversial and thorough examination to date of the subject and the enormous ramifications and challenges it poses to every aspect of international and domestic environmental, human rights, trade and public health law and policy. Also covered are international agreements and objectives as diverse as the Kyoto Protocol, the Millennium Development Goals and international trade. ... Read more

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Human Rights and Environmental Justice
Environmental Justice and the Rights of Unborn and Future Generations: Law, Environmental Harm and the Right to Health by Laura Westra (Earthscan)The traditional concept of social justice is increasingly being challenged by the notion of a humankind that spans current and future generations. This book, with a foreword by Roger Brownsword, is the first systematic examination of how the rights of the unborn and future generations are handled in common law and under international legal instruments. It provides comprehensive coverage of the arguments over international legal instruments, key legal cases and examples including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, industrial disasters, clean water provision, diet, HIV/AIDS, environmental racism and climate change. Also covered are international agreements and objectives as diverse as the Kyoto Protocol, the Millennium Development Goals and international trade. The result is the most controversial and thorough examination to date of the subject and the enormous ramifications and challenges it poses to every aspect of international and domestic environmental, human rights, trade and public health law and policy.
From Foreword: The globalization of human rights implies, too, the globalization of human responsibilities. For individual human rights holders, there is the responsibility to act in ways that show appropriate respect for the rights of fellow humans wherever they are located in the global community of rights. More significantly, for political and legal institutions -whether international, regional, national or sub-national - the responsibilities include promoting a culture of respect for human rights and exercising stewardship over those conditions that are essential for a flourishing community of rights.
In her latest book, Laura Westra proposes two important sets of responsibilities, one in relation to the next (and future) generations, the other in relation to the integrity of the environment. Yet, if the current generation of bearers of human rights have responsibilities only to one another, how can it be argued that their responsibilities extend to the unborn as well as to the environment? And, how can it be argued, as Westra suggests, that these are linked responsibilities?
First, if as fellow humans we must respect one another's rights, this means that we must not act in ways that threaten one another's freedom and well-being - or, at any rate, we must not so act without the authorization of the right-holder in question. If we take human rights seriously, so much is entirely straightforward.
Second, if (as surely is the case) the health of populations depends necessarily (if not sufficiently) on an adequate environmental infrastructure (clean air and water, and so on), then we threaten the well-being of human rights-holders if we damage that infrastructure. It follows that, even if the environment does not have rights, as fellow humans we owe it to one another to respect those environmental conditions that are essential for our well-being. In this sense, as members of a community of rights, we do have responsibilities in relation to the environment.
Third, even if (as the European Court of Human Rights has recently held in both Vo v. France and Evans v. UK) the unborn do not yet have human rights, it is arguable that once, as agents, we adopt reproductive purposes our responsibilities to embryonic rights holders are engaged. Even if we do no wrong by electing not to reproduce, it is arguable that the position changes once we elect to reproduce. Where we so elect, we must avoid damaging a future member of the community of rights.
Fourth, and quite simply, if we have responsibilities to future members of the com¬munity of rights and if we also have responsibilities to sustain the environment, then we must also owe those latter responsibilities to the former. In other words, our responsi¬bilities in relation to the environment are ones that we owe to both existing and future members of a community of rights.
In a context of rapid technological innovation and change, it is crucial that com¬munities of rights actively debate the nature and extent of their commitments - and, to this extent, it needs to be appreciated that the globalization of human rights is as much about process as about a finished product. Whether or not readers agree with the products of Laura Westra's arguments, it is a pleasure to introduce her book as a major contribution to the ongoing process of debate and discussion. --Roger Brownsword
Excerpt: The traditional concept of social justice is challenged by a new philosophical vision of reality, characterized by interrelatedness and interdependence. It is only such a 'gener¬ality of outlook, to use A. N. Whitehead's own words to describe the vision of an interrelated and interdependent reality, that leads us to a 'morality of outlook' with its implied notion of social justice broadened to encompass the community of humankind as a whole, extending beyond present space and time.'
The most relevant point here is the question of 'broadened' social justice, that is, a notion to include 'the community of humankind'. It is undeniable that, thus far, future generations' rights have been linked to environmental regulations, at best, and cited primarily in aspirational and soft law documents, as well as making appearances in the preambular portions of general human rights conventions and environmental treaties, and we will look at those details in Chapters 5-7.
Most often, to speak of future generations, indicates, at best, a diffuse concern for the natural systems that are increasingly failing, because they are impoverished and depleted around the world. But, unless an immediate and forceful connection can be made with visible harms to nature or to human health, most view language about future generations to be the expression of a laudable but remote concern, not something that requires our immediate involvement, our efforts and energies.
Their remoteness belies the interface between escalating ecological harms and humanity itself. Thus the erosion of global ecological integrity appears, at first glance, distant and even unrelated to social justice, in both its intragenerational and inter-generational aspects and, at times, it even appears to conflict with it. But both aspects of social justice, best captured in the concept of ecojustice, as I will argue below (Chapter 6), are neither distant nor remote, as they meet in the consideration of the rights of the first generation.
That generation is coming to be NOW, or it will come to be within our lifetime, without, however, losing its claim to be an integral part of the future of humanity as well. Perhaps then, from the point of 'ecological rights', the presence of grave harms to this first generation, demonstrate precisely the connection between environment and humankind. That is where we can see exactly the havoc our current industrial practices are wreaking on the most vulnerable of humanity. The example of those harms force upon us a consideration of justice that is far more than the neo-liberal conception of freedom to embrace preferences. Such justice in fact, brings home the result of elevating the 'freedom' of natural and corporate persons to the status of ultimate goal in society.
This problem will become clear in the first four chapters, where the conflict be¬tween individual freedoms and rights, and the 'rights' of the first generation will be shown to come into conflict in most foundational legal instruments, both domestic and international, and - most violently perhaps - in the courts. These violent clashes and the circumstances that create them, will serve to diminish the importance of arguments stating that future generations don't exist now and that, even if they will come to be, we cannot be expected to modify law and morality on their behalf, as we don't know exactly who they are, and what their choices will be.
But the child born with flippers rather than hands or feet, because of pre-birth thalidomide exposure, or the baby with one eye because of dioxin exposure (as in the Seveso disaster, see Chapter 7), both clearly demonstrate without the need for compli-cated philosophical arguments, that (a) we do know what the first generation needs to be protected from, what they need for their security and what will harm them; and (b) we know that they will exist, and bear witness to our heedless pursuit of choice, to our tolerance of corporate, often criminal negligence and to what might be termed complicity on our part.'
No longer 'remote', or unreal, therefore morally unconsiderable and unfit to claim human rights like the rest of humanity, the first generation demonstrates the commo¬nality of humankind, where neither time, nor age, nor geographical location should suffice to remove anyone from full consideration. At the same time as the plight of future generations comes 'alive' in the present and clear harms affecting the first gen¬eration, so too their own 'unreality', their lack of presence hence of considerability are no longer obvious. Their cause is linked with that of future generations who, para¬doxically, appear to have more rights - at least in theory - than the first generation possesses.
Both future and first generations are far from being front and centre when human rights are at issue, even in the most prominent United Nations documents at present. I believe that viewing these two issues as one continuous aspect of justice for humanity, might help to shed light on both groups, so that neither will continue to remain invisible to either human conscience or international law. When both issues are studied side by side, we are struck by several points of similarity that are not considered as each issue is researched on its own.
The first point is that both are considered in law aside from their own intrinsic merits: as we shall see, for instance, future generations are considered in the context of environmental or trade issues, often against the background of conflicts arising between these two fields. When we turn to the child's rights to health, despite the presence of several international legal instruments devoted exclusively to child law, case law, for the most part views child law as derivative from family law. In the case of the preborn, this problem becomes acute, as the courts limit their consideration almost exclusively to the rights and the preferences of the pregnant woman: the situation is one where women's rights, based on proliferating instruments for their defence and protection, invariably trump whatever rights an unborn human might possess.
Thus we can observe that both issues are intrinsically hard to view objectively be¬cause they are significantly 'embedded', more or less literally, in other issues and con¬cerns. Their underlying unity is thus disguised, although they are both issues of grave concern to humanity. But when considered in the way here proposed, that is as a unitary concern, they shed the limited perspective under which they were viewed and their common problems can best be appreciated and perhaps resolved.
Emmanuel Agius offers two other arguments in support of future generations' rights that, I believe, may apply equally to the first generations first, the argument from 'social justice and the weaker members of the human species',' and second, the argument for the development of human rights, after 'first' and 'second' generations' rights: the 'emergence of "solidarity rights" or "the third generation" of human rights in international environmental law'.
These arguments will be defended below, in Chapter 8. For now, it may be sufficient to note that the description of both sets of circumstances, in support of evolving future generations' rights, fit as well the consideration of the first generation. The obligations generated by the acceptance of the former are equally significant for that of the latter:
In other words, social justice demands a sense of solidarity with the whole family of humankind. We have an obligation to regulate our current consumption: in order to share our resources with the poor and with unborn generations.'
Thus, when we come to consider the best approaches in law to achieve this ideal of justice and solidarity, it is likely that whatever strategies we design for one issue, will ameliorate the situation for the other.
For now, we must start by showing clearly what is not there yet in the law: respect for either first or future generations is not embodied in the legal instruments that might be protective, either in domestic or international law. This fact needs to be demonstrated and in Part One we shall deal with the first generation in some detail, through the examination of both instruments and case law, before turning in Part Two, to future generations proper. We will then be in a better position to canvas existing regimes and jurisprudence, for the best available remedies presently existing, although perhaps not as well applied as they might be; but we will also consider all other possible options to bring about the necessary changes.
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This useful volume will help researchers and practitioners ensure the legal relevance of their initial research question as well as conduct their own evaluation of the primary legal materials. The book describes how to use a law library to: find, cite and track cases; uncover statutes passed by the state legislatures; examine the legislative history of these statutes and administrative rules and regulations; and discover decisions promulgated by state agencies. In addition it includes exercises that give readers an opportunity to go into the law library and test their developing skills on genuine legal questions. ... Read more

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This self-assessment tool provides practical guidance on legal, regulatory, and policy considerations associated with implementation and scale-up of male circumcision services for HIV transmission prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. The results of the assessment process will be useful for health program planners and others who are considering the introduction or expansion of male circumcision services in the context of comprehensive HIV prevention programs. It is intended to be used periodically in all countries, regardless of implementation stage, to gauge how well the existing legal and regulatory framework is supporting male circumcision service scale-up for HIV prevention and indicate what changes may be required. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from MedSurg Nursing, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on October 1, 2001. The length of the article is 1623 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Reducing Health Care Errors: The Limits of Regulatory and Legal Efforts.
Author: Marilyn S. Fetter
Publication: MedSurg Nursing (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2001
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: 10Issue: 5Page: 231

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Confidentiality is an essential condition of counselling and psychotherapy that enables clients to talk honestly and openly about their situation. As a core aspect of everyday practice, therapists need to understand both the legal and ethical implications of providing confidentiality and of keeping records concerning their clients.

Confidentiality and Record Keeping in Counselling and Psychotherapy provides a practical introduction to the topic, containing guidance on:

" why and how records should be kept

" how to balance therapeutic benefits from keeping records with potential legal ramifications

" confidentiality agreements with clients in a variety of therapeutic settings

" confidentiality in training and supervision.

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A natural companion to the recently published Drug Control and the Courts (SAGE 1996), this accessible volume focuses on five case studies in judicial innovation - the dedicated drug treatment courts in Miami, Oakland, Fort Lauderdale, Portland and Phoenix. Each case is presented in a chapter written by a local expert to describe and evaluate five prime examples of dedicated drug treatment courts. These chapters are written to a common outline and each discuss the following points: community demographics; structural organization of the court; court caseloads, including drug cases; successes and failures of initial goals and objectives and subsequent adaptations; and measures of long-term successes and failures (recidivism and successful completion of treatment programs).

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This digital document is an article from Dermatology Nursing, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on September 1, 2009. The length of the article is 1115 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: How to terminate a therapeutic relationship with a patient.(Medico-Legal Forum)(Column)
Author: Carolyn Buppert
Publication: Dermatology Nursing (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2009
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: 21Issue: 5Page: 297(2)

Article Type: Column

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This digital document is an article from Dermatology Nursing, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on July 1, 2009. The length of the article is 1228 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: How to deal with missed appointments.(Medico-Legal Forum)
Author: Carolyn Buppert
Publication: Dermatology Nursing (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2009
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: 21Issue: 4Page: 207(2)

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Ces dernières années, les pays de la Région OMS de la Méditerranée orientale ont obtenu des résultats significatifs concernant la fourniture des services de santé. Ils se sont efforcés d'améliorer les structures dans le domaine pharmaceutique et la réglementation relative aux médicaments a progressé à bien des égards, même si d'importants défis restent à relever. Le programme de bonne gouvernance dans les pratiques pharmaceutiques de l'OMS a pour but d'améliorer la situation en matière de réglementation et d'approvisionnement pharmaceutiques. L'évaluation de la transparence nationale constitue le début d'un processus visant à aboutir à des modifications souhaitables et durables de la gouvernance du secteur pharmaceutique. Ces rapports présentent les conclusions de la première phase du programme national de bonne gouvernance dans les pratiques pharmaceutiques de la Jordanie, du Liban, du Maroc, du Pakistan et de la République arabe syrienne. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Dermatology Nursing, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on October 1, 2008. The length of the article is 1236 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Frequently asked questions, and answers, about malpractice insurance.(Medico-Legal Forum)
Author: Carolyn Buppert
Publication: Dermatology Nursing (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2008
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: 20Issue: 5Page: 405(2)

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This digital document is an article from Mississippi Business Journal, published by Venture Publications on July 21, 2003. The length of the article is 1106 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Getting CONned: certificate of need process a concern. (Health Care Mississippi).(Mississippi Supreme Court to hear case)
Author: Lynne W. Jeter
Publication: Mississippi Business Journal (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 21, 2003
Publisher: Venture Publications
Volume: 25Issue: 29Page: B2(1)

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This digital document is an article from MedSurg Nursing, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on August 1, 2004. The length of the article is 793 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: The legal side of nursing.(Editorial)
Author: Dottie Roberts
Publication: MedSurg Nursing (Refereed)
Date: August 1, 2004
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: 13Issue: 4Page: 210(2)

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This digital document is an article from MedSurg Nursing, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on October 1, 2000. The length of the article is 2704 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Withholding and Withdrawing Artificial Nutrition and Hydration - A Legal Perspective.
Author: Michele M. Mathes
Publication: MedSurg Nursing (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2000
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: 9Issue: 5Page: 270

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This digital document is an article from Pediatric Nursing, published by Jannetti Publications, Inc. on July 1, 1996. The length of the article is 1022 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the supplier: Changes instituted by managed care are creating ethical conflicts for pediatric nurses caught between cost containment and quality patient care. Examples of ethical dilemmas include the insurer's refusal to cover specialized pediatric care, the rise in unlicensed assistive personnel to which nurses are expected to delegate care, and the threat of unemployment, which may inhibit nurses from acting as patient advocates. Open communication with patients, families, other professionals, administrators, and the public can help provide solutions.

Citation Details
Title: Ethical and legal challenges for pediatric nurses: an open letter.
Author: Cindy Hylton Rushton
Publication: Pediatric Nursing (Refereed)
Date: July 1, 1996
Publisher: Jannetti Publications, Inc.
Volume: v22Issue: n4Page: p340(2)

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In recent years, countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region have made significant achievements in the provision of health services. In the pharmaceutical field, countries have been striving to improve the structures and regulations pertaining to medicines and have progressed in many ways. However, there are still important challenges. The goal of the WHO Good Governance for Medicines program is to improve the situation of medicine regulation and supply. National transparency assessment is the beginning of a process aimed at bringing about desirable and sustainable changes in the governance of the pharmaceutical sector. These reports present the findings of the first phase of the national Good Governance for Medicines program in Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan and Syrian Arab Republic. ... Read more