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This 15-volume series summarizes the course of the more important proceedings taken against individuals accused of war crimes during World War II, excluding the major war criminals tried by the Nuremberg and Tokyo International Military Tribunals. These representative trials of war criminals were selected for this series based on the major points of municipal and international law that were raised and settled during the trials as well as the potential for the greatest legal interest. For example, Volume 4 includes the trial of General Tomoyuki Yamashita (PDF). Each volume begins with a unique introduction by the Right Honorable Lord Wright of Durley, Chairman of the United Nations War Crimes Commission.


I have been asked to contribute a Foreword to the first volume of Law
Reports on Trials of War Crimes which are being selected and prepared
by the United Nations War Crimes Commission, of which I am Chairman.
The Commission in producing and publishing these law reports is fulfilling
the duty assigned to it. The Commission is primarily concerned with
criminals who fall within the first category under the Moscow Declaration
of October 30th, 1943. This category may generally be defined to be that
embracing particular individuals who have committed offences against the
laws of war and whose offences can be ascribed to a particular location.
These are sometimes called " minor war criminals," but that is a misleading
term because of the enormity and scope of the crimes committed, which
really include all war crimes except those that were charged at the Nuremberg
and Tokyo trials and are described as crimes which have no particular
geographical location. The Declaration distinguished these two categories
for the purpose of providing how they were to be punished. The latter,
the" major war criminals," were to be punished by joint decision of the
governments of the Allies and the joint decision has resulted in the Nuremberg
trial and the Tokyo trial. The former category were dealt with in the
Moscow Declaration by providing that Germans who took part in the various
atrocities referred' to were to be brought back to the scene of their crimes
and tried on the spot by the peoples whom they have outraged. The
Commission has not been concerned directly, though it has been concerned
indirectly, in the crimes which were charged in the proceedings at Nuremberg
and Tokyo, but it has had very close relations with the cases of what have
been called the" minor criminals." The trials of that class of offenders
constitute the subject of these reports.
In the present volume, which was sent to press before the judgment of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg·was promulgated, there are reports of six cases tried by British Military Courts and three cases tried by United States Military Commissions. I shall not attempt to deal with the details of these cases, which included offences against prisoners of war, slaughter of mariners attempting to escape from a torpedoed ship, poison gas used on inmates of concentration camps, killing on a large scale by poison administered by medical personnel in a sanatorium, and similar crimes.
It will be observed that in all these cases prosecutions were brought and conducted by the military authorities. The courts were constituted from serving officers of the two armies respectively with the exception of two instances, the Peleus and the Almelo cases, where the military courts were mixed in their composition. In the Peleus case the tribunal included Greek as well as British officers, and in the Almelo case Dutch as well as British officers. Most of these cases are dealing with offences committed against members of the military forces of the respective nation. In later volumes it

and more,so much more ... Read more

Product Description
This 15-volume series summarizes the course of the more important proceedings taken against individuals accused of war crimes during World War II, excluding the major war criminals tried by the Nuremberg and Tokyo International Military Tribunals. These representative trials of war criminals were selected for this series based on the major points of municipal and international law that were raised and settled during the trials as well as the potential for the greatest legal interest.



FOREWORD
The" most noteworthy case reported in this Volume is that of General Tomoyuki Yamashita who was tried and condemned by a United States Military Commission in Manila. His sentence was confirmed. The matter came before the Supreme Court of the United States on a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. The petition was rejected by that Court by a majority of the judges. The Court was not empowered to deal with the issues offact which had been decided by the Court in Manila. The questions which came before the Supreme Court were questions of jurisdiction or competency. The majority, speaking by that great Judge, Stone, Chief Justice, whose death has deprived the Court of one of its greatest ornaments since its formation, held that the Military Commission was legally constituted, and that the charges exhibited in the Petition were within its competence because they were charges of violations of the law of war. The two dissenting judges founded their dissents upon certain technical question, no doubt of a basic character, but not calling for special notice here in this brief introduction which only deals with International Law. The observations of the Chief Justice (in which the majority of the judges agreed) are of leading importance for students of the law of war. ... Read more

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It is later stated that: "Private individuals who take up arms and commit hostilities against the enemy do not enjoy the privileges of armed forces, and the enemy has, according to a customary rule of International Law, the right to treat such individuals as war criminals. But they cease to be private individuals if they organize themselves in a manner which, according to the Hague Convention, confers upon them the status of members of regular forces. Espionage and war treason ... bear a two-fold character. International Law gives a right to belligerent to use them. On the other hand, it gives a right to belligerents to consider them, when committed by enemy soldiers or enemy private individuals within their lines, ,as acts of illegitimate warfare, and consequently punishable as war crimes.... ... Read more

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The trials reported in this volume have the common feature that they deal with offences against prisoners of war. Offences of that class may seem to involve a departure from the old, simple idea of war crimes, that is, crImes committed in the actual operations of war, battle invasion or the like, but since the Geneva Conventions the rights of prisoners of war to fair treatment and the obligations of the belligerent forces to give effect to these rights have been established, and they are indeed an important branch of the law relating to crimes, and crimes which obviously fall within the category of war crimes. Thus, the extension of the scope of the trials which have been held to punish such crimes has followed inevitably. The trials included here will show how varied may be the application of the Geneva Conventions.
The most striking perhaps historically is the case of the Stalag Luft III, which was a plain case of deliberate murder committed against prisoners of war. They were all airmen who had been captured while taking part in air attacks either against Germany or the occupied countries. They had not committed any offence against the rules of war. Their operations in the air had been in accordance with the recognised rules in that type of warfare. They had, however, made a concerted, determined and ingenious effort to escape from the camp. The report states that of the 80 officers who escaped 50 were captured and shot by the Gestapo, and it is with the fate of those 50 that the case deals. The esprit de corps of the British and the German air forces· worked so effectively that the Germany military were shocked by the audaciously unjustified murder of those brave and honourable opponents.
The next case I refer to here is the trial of Falkenhorst, which is a very striking case and about which I only want to say two things. First of all, it includes a charge that Falkenhorst passed on to the troops under his command an order to deprive certain Allied prisoners of war of their rights as prisoners of war under the Geneva Conventions, and which was in itself a substantive war crime, obviously in gross defiance of the laws of war, even though there was no proof that it had ever been acted upon. Of that Falkenhorst was found guilty. He was also found guilty on other counts, which charged him with being responsible for the murder of a large number of prisoners or.war who were killed after all hostilities on their part had ceased. It is worth noting, though it does not come into the trial, that the practice was constantly acted upon in Germany of handing over to the tender mercies of the German mob, British or Allied airmen who had baled out and been captured when engaging in the course of bombing raids. ... Read more

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This volume contains a very important judgment, namely that of the United States Military Tribunal at Nuremberg on the trial of General List and eleven others, known as. the Hostages Trial. There are also Reports of two trials held before British Courts,one of Generals von Mackensen and Maelzer, and the other of Field Marshal Kesselring. These three cases are closely allied in their subject matter because all three severally raised the problem whether the practice of killing hostages (or reprisal victims) is a war crime. It has until recently been so regarded. The practice was followed by thePrussians in the Franco-Prussian War, and by the Germans in the war of 1914-18. In both instances it was resorted to in a considerable number of cases, but in the war of 1939-45 it was followed on an unprecedented scale. It is obviously on the face of it an atrocious practice because it indiscriminately punishes men who are completely guiltless of any war crime. The practice as followed in World Wars I and II involves collective executions carried out on a great scale and almost as a routine operation. The numbers Of innocent non-combatants who have been killed in this way cannot be computed but they must· run into tens or hundreds of thousands. Lauterpacht well refers to the practice as a terrible practice. ' ... Read more

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This Volume contains in addition to a number of separate minor trials two trials of fundamental importance, examining with particular reference to Poland two great principles of the law of War Crimes: (1) the crime of genocide as it has been called, (2) the liability of parties to criminal organisations.
The word "genocide" has been much criticised by etymologists, for reasons which may be regarded, even if not inaccurate, as being pedantic. Genocide as used in this context means, to quote from the Indictment in the Nuremberg trial, a systematic programme aimed at the destruction of foreign nations or ethnic groups (" foreign" that is from the Nazi point of view) in part by elimination or suppression of national characteristics. The effect of the word as used in this connection was also defined, in the
judgment of the Nuremberg Military Tribunal (Subsequent Proceedings) included in this volume, as a programme concerned and implemented " for one primary purpose . . . which might be summed up in one phrase: the twofold objective of weakening and eventually destroying other nations (i.e., than Germany) while at the same time strengthening Germany, territorially and biologically at the expense of conquered nations."
The word itself is one of a great number of similar compounds in which the second portion " cide " is a Latin root from " caedo " (" I kill "), while the former part describes the particular object of the slaughter. As a few instances, one may take homicide, germicide, regicide, suicide, tyrannicide. As " cide " derives from a Latin root, so also should the first syllable be of Latin origin. But anomalous formations are not uncommon, as for instance ,SUicide is anomalous, and tyrannicide may be from the original Greek word. In other contexts many hybrid formations can be found, e.g., sociology. There are a great number of such words formed with" cide." Genocide is said to be derived from the Greek ry€vor;, or rather the root gen: this root is also found in Latin in genus and gens. The connective article before " cide" is generally perhaps "i" not "0." But all this is pedantry. The idea has become of great importance in international law. It has been discussed in the United Nations (General Assembly of 11th December, 1946) which has prepared and adopted a definition which covers practically the entire neld of the crimes tried in these cases, in particular abortions, punish.
ments for sexual intercourse, preventing marriages and hampering reproduction, and measures taken for forced germanization including the kidnapping or taking away of children and infants, the deportation and resettlement of populations and the persecution of Jews. ... Read more

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An ABC book about the United States Coast Guard. ... Read more

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This ebook provides a reproduction of the Judge Advocate General Law of War Deskbook, with coverage of the history and framework of the law of war, the legal basis for the use of force, Geneva Conventions on the wounded and sick in the field, Prisoners of War, Civilians in the Battlefield, Occupation and Post-conflict governance, means and methods of warfare, war crimes and command responsibility, human rights, and comparative law. Military operations involve complex questions related to international law. This body of law provides the framework for informed operational decisions, establishes certain limitations on the scope and nature of command options, and imposes affirmative obligations related to the conduct of U.S. forces. Commanders rely on Judge Advocates to understand fundamental principles of international law, translate those principles into an operational product, and articulate the essence of the principles when required.

This Law of War Deskbook is intended to replace, in a single bound volume, similar individual outlines that had been distributed as part of the Judge Advocate Officer Graduate and Basic Courses and the Operational Law of War Course. Together with the Operational Law Handbook and Law of War Documentary Supplement, these three volumes represent the range of international and operational law subjects taught to military judge advocates. Our audience is the beginning and intermediate level practitioner; our hope is that this material will provide a solid foundation upon which further study may be built.

This is a privately authored news service and educational publication of Progressive Management. Our publications synthesize official government information with original material - they are not produced by the federal government. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work to uniformly present authoritative knowledge that can be rapidly read, reviewed or searched. Vast archives of important data that might otherwise remain inaccessible are available for instant review no matter where you are. This e-book format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference book that is as convenient, comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and portable - everything you need to know, from renowned experts you trust. For over a quarter of a century, our news, educational, technical, scientific, and medical publications have made unique and valuable references accessible to all people. Our e-books put knowledge at your fingertips, and an expert in your pocket! ... Read more

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This volume examines the Anglo-American relationship in the early postwar period through a case study of the American military programme launched in 1949. It analyzes the degree and changing nature of interdependence between the two states under this programme from 1949 to 1956. It focuses in particular on the tensions in US policy between Congress and the Administration, the differing conceptions of the Anglo-American relationship held by the two institutions and the problems this posed for Britain. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Synthesis/Regeneration, published by WD Press on January 1, 2003. The length of the article is 1899 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Law not War.(US policy toward Iraq)
Author: John Greenbaum
Publication: Synthesis/Regeneration (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2003
Publisher: WD Press
Page: 11(3)

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US Army, Technical Manual, TM 5-5430-216-13&P, TANK, FABRIC, COLLAPSIBLE, 20,000 GALLON WATER MODEL 53029A-20, (NSN 5430-01-106-9678), MODEL 53029B-20, (5430-01-351-7813), military manauals, special forces, military manuals on dvd, military manuals on cd
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Us Military Intelligence Interrogation Techniques Handbook (World Business, Investment and Government Library) ... Read more

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An expert witness in legal cases involving rules of engagement and the US military murder of prisoners, Prof. Stjepan Mestrovic exposes profound contradictions and systemic flaws that confuse criminal brutality and heroism, making victims of soldiers like Sergeant Michael Leahy who won a purple heart but also was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2009.

A shocking follow-up study of Operation Iron Triangle, Iraq, the current work outlines the treatment of US soldiers who apparently were following their orders as they understood them and who were then accused of having committed war crimes. These include Corey Clagett and William Hunsaker, who were charged in the Iron Triangle incident, and Michael Leahy and Joseph Mayo (from the February 2009 case).

Chock full of quotes from official documents and hard data, the book amply demonstrates that the US military has profound, systemic and immensely troubling flaws. In particular, says the author, the distinction between a good versus bad soldier as well as good versus bad Army has become completely, fatally muddled. To see how US soldiers implicated in war crimes are being treated, Mestrovic goes to see his soldiers in Leavenworth whenever he can. In this book he includes a brief report about how they're doing and gives eye-witness details from inside the United States Penitentiary.

Here are some of the ironies that emerge from the facts: The Army treats its own soldiers, when accused of crimes, the same way it treats detainees at Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo, complete with sleep deprivation and chains and stress positions. The soldier prisoners even have to take showers and sleep in chains. There is absolutely no rational need for this.

In addition, when soldiers act wrongly as a result of their understanding of the assigned Rules of Engagement, how are the officers to be treated? ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

Definitive account of Iron Triangle incident
Meticulously documented and superbly written, Dr. Mestrovic's account of the shootings during Operation Iron Triangle render incomplete and/or inaccurate all prior reports of this incident.A sociologist by degree and profession, Dr. Mestrovic demonstrates unique insights, not only into the legal and military elements of this case, but also into its moral and psychological aspects.He describes how a "poisoned" command climate, especially an aggressive predisposition to kill--as opposed to capture--insurgents, can result in young, inexperienced soldiers misunderstanding rules of engagement.Prosecuting and incarcerating these same soldiers for "murder" has created considerable resentment in the general public--especially among veterans--and growing unease in Congress.Treating these cases solely as violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), without addressing underlying causes as described by Dr. Mestrovic, does little to reduce the risk of recurrence for such incidents in future conflicts.This book should be required reading for all military officers, members of Congress, and anyone interested in military justice.

Excellent follow up to Rules of Engagement
This book on Operation Iron Triangle, one of the the most high profile and serious war crimes cases from the Iraq War, is well researched and documented.The author went to tremendous lengths to get to the heart of the issue.In the end, the reader must decide who, if anyone is to blame for this incident.Excellent read and plenty of primary documents and sources included in the book. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Harvard International Review, published by Harvard International Relations Council, Inc. on January 1, 2005. The length of the article is 3680 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: US economic power: waxing or waning?(military power is stronger than economic power which may fall further)
Author: Deanne Julius
Publication: Harvard International Review (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2005
Publisher: Harvard International Relations Council, Inc.
Volume: 26Issue: 4Page: 14(5)

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This digital document is an article from APS Diplomat Recorder, published by Pam Stein/Input Solutions on December 31, 2002. The length of the article is 353 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: RUSSIA - Dec. 26 - Moscow Urges US Not To Breach International Law.
Publication: APS Diplomat Recorder (Newsletter)
Date: December 31, 2002
Publisher: Pam Stein/Input Solutions
Volume: 57Issue: 26

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This digital document is an article from Journal of International Affairs, published by Columbia University School of International Public Affairs on March 22, 2002. The length of the article is 4117 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Saving lives with force: an agenda for expanding the ACRI. (The Military Component).(Africa Crisis Response Initiative, US program)(Statistical Data Included)
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon
Publication: Journal of International Affairs (Refereed)
Date: March 22, 2002
Publisher: Columbia University School of International Public Affairs
Volume: 55Issue: 2Page: 289(13)

Article Type: Statistical Data Included

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