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This book contains articles in several areas involving a dominant role of surfaces and interfaces. It is divided into four sections. The first section deals with theoretical and experimental aspects of the structure and morphology of clean surfaces and adsorbed layers on surfaces. The next section concerns growth on surfaces leading to semiconductor devices with quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot structures; also deals with spin transport in 2DEG. Section 3 is on layered synthetic microstructures (LSMs). Analysis of interface roughness and layer composition of LSMs by X-ray techniques, fabrication of hard X-ray telescopes with LSMs, and diffusion across interfaces of LSMs are discussed here. The last section contains articles dealing with semiconductor surfaces exposed to ion beams and ion-irradiated semiconductor multilayers. ... Read more

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The global climate of the Earth has significantly varied over the last Millennia. On a regional scale, the climate has varied and does presently vary on many different time scales, leading to a continuously changing pattern of temperatures, humidity, precipitation, with important effects on the whole terrestrial biosphere. Physicist are interested in understanding the mechanism at work by gathering data and properly analysing them, by building theoretical models and, if possible, making predictions on the future evolution of the system. Along these lines, an important question is to understand the role of the solar forcing, in order to unravel the internal mechanisms of variability of the Earth's climate from the variable forcing of the Sun. On the other hand, one can learn about the past solar variability by reading into the terrestrial archives that provide us with proxy data on the history of both the Sun and the climate. Thus, realizing that the Sun and the Earth from a closely coupled system, where the variable properties of the former may affect in many subtle ways the behaviour of the latter, is an important step toward the understanding of both. This book is explicitly devoted to these issues. First, it is important to obtain reliable data from terrestrial archives, and to properly date the records that have been measured. The first part of the book is devoted to these crucial aspects, dealing with various types of proxy data and with the difficult issue of the dating of the records. Once obtained the data, it has to be interpreted. this goal is nowadays relying upon a plethora of data analysis methods, that explicitly take into account the nonlinear nature of the system and try to elucidate the dynamics and the main processes active in the measured system. The second part of the book is devoted to the issue of data analysis and prediction. Finally, once interpreted and analyzed the data, theoretical models have to be build describing the dynamics of the system considered. Due to the extreme complexity of the Sun/Earth system (as well as of its components, the Sun itself and the Earth's climate), drastic simplifications in the modelling efforts have to be accepted and one has to bear in mind that the models probably are nothing more than a pale image of the real dynamics. The third part of the book is devoted to the theoretical and numerical modelling of the solar and climatic variability, and of their complex interactions. This volume gives an up-to-date view of the present state of this field. ... Read more

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This volume gives a detailed and up-to-date overview of the line groups, the groups that describe the symmetry of quasi-one dimensional crystals. Nanotubes, nanowires, nanosprings, nanorods, and polymers are examples remarkable enough to have kept nanoscience as a leading field within material science and solid state physics for more than fifteen years now. The authors present the mathematical foundations, including classifications of the line groups, quasi one-dimensional crystals and quantum numbers, together with important applications. Extensive illustrations related to the physics of nanotubes make the book essential reading in this field above all. The book clearly demonstrates how symmetry is a most profound property of nature and contains valuable results that are published here for the first time.

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This book covers recent advances relating to electronic transport properties of interacting low-dimensional systems. Detailed articles written by leading experts allow newcomers and advanced students to use it as a modern textbook, including many references for further study. Topics are interactions and new phases in one-dimensional systems and the identification of power laws in transport and optical properties, carbon nanotubes, non-equilibrium transport in zero and one dimension, spin-related effects, and novel effects in two-dimensional systems under quantum Hall conditions. ... Read more

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This volume contains most of the invited talks of the 2002 Spring meeting of the Solid State Physics Section of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. The contributions present the results of current research in the fields of semiconductor physics, low temperature physics and thin layer physics. The topics covered reflect the present activities in this lively domain of modern physics and thus flashlight the state of the art in condensed matter physics in Germany in the year 2002. ... Read more

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Nano-science and nano-technology are rapidly developing scientific and technological areas that deal with physical, chemical and biological processes that occur on nano-meter scale – one millionth of a millimeter. Self-organization and pattern formation play crucial role on nano-scales and promise new, effective routes to control various nano-scales processes. This book contains lecture notes written by the lecturers of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Self-Assembly, Pattern Formation and Growth Phenomena in Nano-Systems" that took place in St Etienne de Tinee, France, in the fall 2004. They give examples of self-organization phenomena on micro- and nano-scale as well as examples of the interplay between phenomena on nano- and macro-scales leading to complex behavior in various physical, chemical and biological systems. They discuss such fascinating nano-scale self-organization phenomena as self-assembly of quantum dots in thin solid films, pattern formation in liquid crystals caused by light, self-organization of micro-tubules and molecular motors, as well as basic physical and chemical phenomena that lead to self-assembly of the most important molecule on the basis of which most of living organisms are built – DNA. A review of general features of all pattern forming systems is also given. The authors of these lecture notes are the leading experts in the field of self-organization, pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics in non-equilibrium, complex systems.

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Stay Current with the Progress and Promise of Nano.

NSTI’s annual nanotechnology conference continues to provide the most prestigious forum in the world for leading nano scientists,andNanotech 2007 is proving no exception.  At this year’s conference, the world’s top nano scientists will come together to offer an up-to-date global perspective on the progress and promise of nanotechnology. This information has been compiled into four volumes to create the most authoritative and comprehensive compendium now available across all of nanotechnology.  Including the latest information on industrial development, investments, and ventures, each volume explores cutting-edge research and applications. 

Collected into its own volume for the first time, the papers from Cleantech 2007 cut across every scientific and engineering discipline to address those issues relevant to maintaining and improving the sustainability of our planet.  An abridged selection of these papers is also included as part of Nanotech 2007, Vol. 4.

Engineers, environmental scientists, biomedical and life science professionals will all find that their varied interests are covered in the specific volumes of NSTI Nanotech 2007, which can be purchased individually. Those wanting a complete resource covering all of nanotechnology will want to consider the complete set of four volumes which is listed here. ... Read more

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This book is specially concerned with fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of relativistic beam physics, recoil, and cooling phenomena in atomic and ion beams and traps, with emphasis on coherence and collective effects. The central theme is the physics of atomic laser and free electron laser, and the development of a bridge between them through the mechanism of the so-called recoil induced gain mechanism. The links between relativistic beam physics and atomic laser physics are explored. This book will be directed to an audience of non specialists or to specialists in only one of the fields mentioned above. It addresses the following topics: - Fundamentals of laser cooling and trapping of atoms: theory and experiments; - Quantum optics and atomic coherence effects; - Laser cooling of trapped ions; from single ion to ion crystal; - Spatio-temporal instabilities in optical systems; - Coherence in atom optics; atomic diffraction and interferometry; - Optical lattices; nonlinear effects in laser-cooled atoms; - Coherent population trapping; - Two-level gain and collective recoil-induced effects; - Fundamental physics of relativistic particles beams; - High-gain free electron laser: theory, experiments and projects; - Cooling of ion beams in a storage ring; - Experiments on dense laser-cooled stored ion beams. ... Read more

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This text presents the results of broad interdisciplinary effort to study proteins in physical and evolutionary prospectives. Among the authors are physicists, chemists, crystallographers, and evolutionary biologists. Experimental and theoretical developments "from molecules to cells" are presented providing a broad picture of modern biophysical chemistry. ... Read more

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Recent advances in technology involving magnetic materials require development of novel advanced magnetic materials with improved magnetic and magneto-transport properties. Additionally the tendency on miniaturisation of the modern magnetic sensors and devices stimulates development of such magnetic materials with reduced dimensionality. Certain progress has been recently achieved in fabrication of novel magnetic nano-materials (thin films, nanowires, nano-dots...), but at the same time quite sophisticated technology should be used but in many occasions the magnetic properties of these materials are rather poorer than such properties of bulk magnetic materials (amorphous ribbons, wires, sintered materials...) and the fabrication process is much more expansive and complex. On the other hand certain industrial sectors, like magnetic sensors, microelectronics, security etc, need cheap materials with reduced dimensionality but still with high magnetic properties (particularly enhanced magnetic softness). Therefore magnetic materials with outstanding magnetic characteristics and reduced dimensionality recently gained much attention.The aim of this book is to present the most relevant aspects concerning the fabrication process following by sections devoted to present significant results on the demagnetisation process, compositional dependence and processing of glass-coated mirocwires with amorphous, nanocrystalline and granular character in order to design their magnetic properties. ... Read more

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This volume contains most of the invited talks of the 2002 Spring meeting of the Solid State Physics Section of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. The contributions present the results of current research in the fields of semiconductor physics, low temperature physics and thin layer physics. The topics covered reflect the present activities in this lively domain of modern physics and thus flashlight the state of the art in condensed matter physics in Germany in the year 2002. ... Read more

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The use of molecular units promises novel materials and devices with special properties. This approach requires the combination of these novel structures with today’s technical environment. DNA could potentially solve this integration probelem by providing highly specific -- but on the other side -- nearly unlimited variations of coupling schemes in order to combine molecular structures with typical technical elements, e.g. on a chip surface.

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This book focuses on "Nanometer Scale Science and Technology''. This is one of the most rapidly expanding research fields and it is considered one of the most important issues in forming future societies. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are at the interface between physics, chemistry, engineering and, most importantly, biology. The most fundamental processes of living matter occur on the nanometer scale. Micro-electrical mechanical systems are approaching the dimensions of biological cells, opening up the possibility of connecting machines to individual cells. This book is based on local probes (STM, AFM, SNOM) and related supreme technological achievements. These topics are extensively covered in the book, mainly devoted to instrumentation aspects. From a more fundamental point of view it also covers advanced subjects such as clusters, nanocontacts, photonic band gap materials, atom manipulation by light, atom optics with Bose-Einstein condensates and quantum computing. ... Read more

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This volume contains papers on the following: CMOS devices and devices based on compound semiconductors; processing; silicon integrated technology and integrated circuit design; quantum physics; nanotechnology; nanodevices, sensors and microsystems. Contemporary news and future challenges in these fields are presented in invited papers. ... Read more

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Written by leading experts in the field, this book gives a wide-ranging and coherent treatment of water in confining geometries. It compiles and relates interdisciplinary work on this hot topic of research important in many areas of science and technology.

Customer Reviews (2)

A must-read for physical chemists
For example, read the FM Tao chapter for an excellent discussion on the solvent effect of individual water molecules, which paradoxically can cause gas-to-solid conversions in the atmosphere, resulting in aerosol (fine particle) pollution, which is an invisible human health threat worldwide, but especially in the US.

The chapter by Tao
The chapter by FM Tao is very good.It examines a number of interesting phenomena that occur with only a few water molecules, including remarkable gas - to - dissolved solid transitions that occur in the atmosphere, and are a key element in aerosol formation in the atmosphere, which has been implicated as a major factor in fine particle pollution.Fine particles are very toxic and have been estimated as causing as much premature mortality in the USA as traffic accidents do!

So, there is a connection here between understanding the first events in aerosol formation, and a major public health problem in this country! ... Read more

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All papers have been peer-reviewed. As the semiconductor industry continues to move toward silicon nanoelectronics and beyond, the introduction of new materials, innovative processing and assembly, and novel devices brings formidable metrology challenges. We have entered an era where nanotechnology is required to meet the demand for smaller, faster, cheaper, and more complex functional chips. Innovative metrology and characterization methods have become critical. This book emphasizes the frontiers of innovation in the characterization and metrology needed to advance nanoelectronics. It comprises applications in nanoelectronic materials and devices, research and development,and manufacturing and diagnostics. Novel characterization methods for beyond CMOS and extreme CMOS devices are addressed, as well as electrical measurements, gate dielectrics, interconnects, lithography, microscopy, and scanning probes. The Editors believe that this book of collected papers from world-class leaders provides a basis and effective portrayal of the industry s characterization and metrology needs and how they are being addressed by industry, academia, and government to continue the dramatic progress in semiconductors into the nanoelectronic regime. It also provides a foundation for stimulating further advances in metrology and new ideas for research and development.

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The purpose of the course was to give an overview of the physics of artificial semiconductor structures confining electrons and photons. The study of the light - matter interaction in this kind of systems is relevant both to fundamental Solid State Physics and to related fields like Quantum Optics. Furthermore, it furnishes the background for several applications in particular in the domain of optical devices, lasers, light emitting diodes or photonic crystals. In recent years the research in this field has focused on the electronic and optical properties of confined semiconductor structures like Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires, Quantum Dots and semiconductor microcavities. In this context, several exciting effects have been observed. In particular, we mention the effects related to the microcavity polaritons, which are mixed electromagnetic radiation-exciton states inside a semiconductor microcavity. The study of the characteristics of such states, besides a wide interest by itself, shows strong relations with the domain of cavity quantum electrodynamics and thus with the investigation of some fundamental theoretical concepts. Also topics like the exciton localization due to disorder or the coherent control of optical pulses emitted by confined structures belong to the subjects, which are considered in the domain of semiconductor confined structures. The emission characteristics of low-dimensional systems like Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires and Quantum Dots are of enormous importance for the development of new types of semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes. ... Read more

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This book presents the basic physics of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystals in a simple and transparent way. It treats both the basic and the applied aspects of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystal research, starting from the discovery of ferroelectricity in liquid crystals in 1975 and ending with the resonant X-ray experiment in ferrielectric and antiferrielectric phases in 1998. Particular attention is paid to the optical properties, electrooptic effects, phase transitions and experimental methods used in liquid crystal research. Special chapters are devoted to dielectric spectroscopy, light scattering, NMR, STM and AFM in complex fluids. The more than 300 illustrations help to present the basic physics of liquid crystalline ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics in a way that can be easily followed by students, engineers and scientists dealing with liquid crystal research. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (3)

thoroughly explained physics of complex phenomena
The book reflects an extensive experimental experience and a deep fundamental understanding ofthe properties of fero- and anti- ferroelectric liquid crystals. It is a widespread story about the fascinating and complex properties of these materials, which was written as a result of many years of successful work of the leading researchers in the field. All the chapters strictly follow the role of combining the explanations of the experimentally observed features with the theoretical description of the associated processes. This not only provides a complete overview to the active researchers in the filed, but also gives quite a rare opportunity to the students and newcomers to learn about complex physical phenomena starting from the first principles. The understanding might be further extended by following the numerous carefully collected references listed at the end of the book. It is nowadays hard to find such a systematic and complete text regarding modern material science, therefore do not miss a chance read it.

thoroughly explained physics of complex phenomena
The book reflects an extensive experimental experience and a deep fundamental understanding ofthe properties of fero- and anti- ferroelectric liquid crystals. It is a widespread story about the fascinating and complex properties of these materials, which was written as a result of many years of successful work of the leading researchers in the field. All the chapters strictly follow the role of combining the explanations of the experimentally observed features with the theoretical description of the associated processes. This not only provides a complete overview to the active researchers in the filed, but also gives quite a rare opportunity to the students and newcomers to learn about complex physical phenomena starting from the first principles. The understanding might be further extended by following the numerous carefully collected references listed at the end of the book. It is nowadays hard to find such a systematic and complete text regarding modern material science, therefore do not miss a chance read it.

Reference book
This is the most interesting book in the field of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystals, published recently. The book covers the whole field and is full of data which can be useful for researchers as well as for students.Therefore, the book can be very helpfull for research and can also serve as a school book. It can be used as a reference book in this field. ... Read more

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A compendium of novel information on molecular-scale science and the application of nanocarbon, nanosilicon and biopolymer integrated nanosystems.During the 20th century, molecular-scale science and nanotechnology developed rapidly, leading to the construction of innovative materials - nanosystens from molecules (fullerenes), supramolecules (nanotubes, peapods, polymers, biopolymers (DNA, protein and their complexes) and semiconductor nanoparticles (nano-Si, SiOx, Si/SiGe dots, metal nanowires). This book presents exciting new developments of the early 21st century. Significant progress has been made in nanotechnology of building blocks for integrated nanosystems, single and assembled molecules, nanoparticles characterisation, and multifunctional applications of nanosystems.The realisation and the application of novel multifunctional nanosystems in electronics, optics, biomedicine (nano-bioelectronic devices based on DNA and proteins, silicon nanocrystal memory devices, monolithically integrated silicon photonics, nanocapsules, biosensor nanosystems) are described by well known experts.This multi-disciplinary, scientific display of cutting-edge research across the entire spectrum of nanoscience and nanotechnology of inorganic, and organic systems, as well as systems for electronics photonics, and spintronics demonstrates that researching nanocarbon, nanosilicon, biomolecular integrated nanosystems, and developing their new applications, is a complex and exiting topic that will continue to attract scientists and engineers for many years to come. ... Read more