Product Description
The ozone layer that has shielded the Earth from damaging ultraviolet radiation is diminishing due to the use of ozone-layer depleting substances such as CFCs. On the basis of phase-out dates laid down in the Montreal Protocol, it will take until around 2130 for these man-made compounds to disappear from the atmosphere. The effects of the thinning ozone layer include health problems such as skin cancer and cataracts, damage to marine food chains and crops, and the potential for increased global warming. Since the ozone hole over Antarctica was discovered, international scientific and political recognition of this problem has been encouraging. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Finance & Development, published by International Monetary Fund on June 1, 1992. The length of the article is 1697 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the supplier: The stratospheric ozone layer acts to shield the earth and everything on it from the harmful solar ultraviolet radiation UV-B. There is mounting scientific evidence showing that the ozone layer is being severely depleted by the excessive emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. This could result in numerous health problems for people, such as skin problem, cataracts and immune system impairement. A depleted ozone layer could also lead to more crop damage and to the destruction of vital food chains on land and sea. The severity of the ozone problem is now recognized worldwide. One of the most notable international efforts being made to protect the ozone layer was the creation of the Montreal Protocol (MP). The MP aims to reduce the consumption of ozone-depleting substances. It is suggested that financial incentives may expedite the implementation of the MP in developing countries.

Citation Details
Title: Protecting the ozone layer. (The Global Environment)
Author: Mohan Munasinghe
Publication: Finance & Development (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 1992
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Volume: v29Issue: n2Page: p24(2)

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Product Description
This long-awaited two-volume book examines how the interplay of ideas and actions applied to environmental problems has laid the foundations for global environmental management. It looks at how ideas, interests, and institutions affect management practice; how management capabilities in other areas affect the ability to deal with specific environmental issues; and how learning affects society's approach to the global environment.

The book focuses on efforts to deal with climate change, ozone depletion, and acid rain from 1957 (The International Geophysical Year) through 1992 (the UN Conference on Environment and Development). The settings include Canada, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, the former Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and international environmental organizations. Topics include problem framing, agenda setting, issue attention, risk assessment, monitoring, option assessment, goal and strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Volume 1 provides an overview of the project, of global environmental management in general, and of the three central environmental issues studied; it also contains the individual country studies. Volume 2 contains the management function studies and the book's conclusion.

Authors in the set include: Jeannine Cavender-Bares, William C. Clark, Ellis Cowling, Nancy M. Dickson, Gerda Dinkelman, Rodney Dobell, Renate Ell, Adam Fenech, Alexander Ginzburg, Elena Goncharova, Peter Haas, Eva Hizsnyik, Michael Huber, Peter Hughes, Jill Jäger, Marc Levy, Angela Liberatore, Diana Liverman, Justin Longo, David McCabe, Donald Munton, Elena Nikitina, Karen O'Brien, Edward Parson, Vladimir Pisarev, Ruud Pleune, Miranda Schreurs, Simon Shackley, Peter Simmons, Heather Smith, Vassily Sokolov, Ferenc L. Tóth, Jeroen van der Sluijs, Josee van Eijndhoven, Claire Waterton, Cor Worrell, and Brian Wynne. More information is available from the SLG web site. ... Read more

Product Description
This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's large-scale digitization efforts. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the original text that can be both accessed online and used to create new print copies. The Library also understands and values the usefulness of print and makes reprints available to the public whenever possible. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found in the HathiTrust, an archive of the digitized collections of many great research libraries. For access to the University of Michigan Library's digital collections, please see http://www.lib.umich.edu and for information about the HathiTrust, please visit http://www.hathitrust.org ... Read more

Product Description
The drive to protect the planet against the effects of ozone layer depletion began not long ago with the derided theories of a handful of iconoclastic scientists. Most observers believed that an international accord to limit the use of chemicals essential to modern life would be impossible in the face of scientific uncertainties and the opposition of powerful commerical interests. But in an amazingly short time we now have as precedent-setting treaty to protect the Earth: the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. Ambassador Richard Benedick, who was the chief U.S negotiator for this landmark agreement, offers an insider's view of the politics, the economics, the science, and the diplomacy surrounding efforts to protect the ozone layer. He analyzes the issues, the players, and the diplomatic maneuvers and finds useful models for international approaches to such other emerging issues as global warming. "Ozone Diplomacy" provides a portrayal of the participants in this dynamic process, from persevering scientists to reluctant industrialists to resourceful officials. what began as an internecine struggle among industrialized nations for commercial position evolved by 1990 into a truly global revised treaty with stronger controls and unprecedented provisions for transfer of funds and technology to developing countries. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

Pretty Good Condition for an Excellent Price
Condition of the book was amazing considering the price I paid.Took a little longer than expected to ship, but still within the companies guarantee date.Very polite and pleasant follow up e-mail.All in all, I am very pleased and would definetly buy from the company again.

Stripping away the sheen
This book is one of a handful that have appeared in the years since the Montreal Protocol that have addressed the motivations behind those that acted to bring the protocol into being.It questions the simple thesisthat it was simply an attempt to introduce environmental protection for oneof the Earths damaged resources, suggesting instead that the primarymotivation was more economically defined.the primary actors each hadsomething to be gained in seeing a ban on CFC's in favour of their(generally more expensive) alternative. In this regard it presents a massof evidence thatmight come as a surprise to those who believed that thetreaty was a hopeful first step towards international agreements to benefitthe Earth's environment, and it is a surprise that is unlikely to be apleasant one.It does no-one any good to hide from the truth however, andthe volume is thus a worthwhile read, as well as a useful pointer towardsfurther reading around this area. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2007. The length of the article is 6058 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Determination of ozone in outdoor and indoor environments using nitrite-impregnated passive samplers followed by ion chromatography.(TECHNICAL PAPER)(Technical report)
Author: Sathrugnan Karthikeyan
Publication: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 57Issue: 8Page: 974(7)

Article Type: Technical report

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
A description of the NO"X-dependence of annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO"2) is an important component of empirical policy models used to investigate the impacts of NO"X emissions control measures. Consideration of nitric oxide (NO), NO"2 and ozone (O"3) as a set of chemically coupled species, rather than NO and NO"2 alone, is used to gain additional insights into the factors controlling ambient levels of NO"2 (and O"3), and how they vary with NO"X concentration. Monitoring data from 66 urban roadside, urban centre, urban background, suburban, urban industrial and rural sites in the UK are used in this analysis. Annual mean [NO"2] vs. [NO"X] and [O"3] vs. [NO"X] relationships are defined by establishing, first, how the concentration of `oxidant' ([OX], defined as [O"3]+[NO"2]) varies with [NO"X] and, secondly, how the fractional contributions of NO"2 and O"3 to OX (i.e., [NO"2]/[OX] and [O"3]/[OX]) vary with [NO"X]. This allows site-specific relationships describing the NO"X-dependence of annual mean NO"2 and O"3 concentrations to be recommended for 56 non-rural sites. The results are also used to derive representative expressions for different regions of the UK, and these are compared with those currently employed in national empirical modelling activities to calculate future annual mean NO"2 concentrations. Because the present methodology decouples factors which relate to chemical partitioning from those which relate to sources of oxidant, the expressions presented here have the flexibility to enable predictions that take account of modest future changes in regional oxidant (i.e. the background ozone level), or changes in local oxidant inputs (e.g., primary NO"2 emissions) which might arise, for example, from modifications in vehicle emissions control technologies or vehicle fleet composition. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Tropospheric ozone changes are investigated using a selected network of surface and ozonesonde sites to give a broad geographic picture of long-term variations. The picture of long-term tropospheric ozone changes is a varied one in terms of both the sign and magnitude of trends and in the possible causes for the changes. At mid latitudes of the S.H. three time series of ~20 years in length agree in showing increases that are strongest in the austral spring (August-October). Profile measurements show this increase extending through the mid troposphere but not into the highest levels of the troposphere. In the N.H. in the Arctic a period of declining ozone in the troposphere through the 1980s into the mid-1990s has reversed and the overall change is small. The decadal-scale variations in the troposphere in this region are related in part to changes in the lowermost stratosphere. At mid latitudes in the N.H., continental Europe and Japan showed significant increases in the 1970s and 1980s. Over North America rises in the 1970s are less than those seen in Europe and Japan, suggesting significant regional differences. In all three of these mid latitude, continental regions tropospheric ozone amounts appear to have leveled off or in some cases declined in the more recent decades. Over the North Atlantic three widely separated sites show significant increases since the late-1990s that may have peaked in recent years. In the N.H. tropics both the surface record and the ozonesondes in Hawaii show a significant increase in the autumn months in the most recent decade compared to earlier periods that drives the overall increase seen in the 30-year record. This appears to be related to a shift in the transport pattern during this season with more frequent flow from higher latitudes in the latest decade. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Leaf or needle ozone uptake was estimated for young trees at seven experimental sites across Europe using a stomatal conductance simulation model. Dose-response relationships based on cumulative leaf uptake of ozone (CUO) were calculated using different hourly ozone flux thresholds and these were compared to dose-response relationships based on daylight AOT40, which is currently used within the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Regression analysis showed that the CUO-biomass response relationships were highly significant for both coniferous and broadleaf trees, and independent of which ozone flux threshold was applied. On the basis of this regressions analysis, an hourly flux threshold of 1.6nmolm^-^2s^-^1 (CUO>1.6) is proposed as the most appropriate for all species categories in deriving dose-response relationships. The analysis indicated that the current critical level for ozone impacts on European forests of AOT40 10ppmh may not protect the most sensitive receptors and that critical levels for AOT40 and CUO>1.6 of 5ppmh and 4mmolm^-^2, respectively, are more appropriate. The research identified weaker dose-response relationships for the CUO exposure index compared with AOT40. Distinguishing between sensitive and less sensitive species substantially improved the CUO-biomass response relationships although, still, to a lesser extent than when exposure was expressed as AOT40. ... Read more

Product Description
The UNEP, in co-operation with other international organizations, is acting as an information exchange centre on ozone depletion, and is providing practical advice on all aspects of non-CFC refrigeration and air conditioning systems through its OzonAction Programme. ... Read more

Product Description
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed so that the phase out schedules could be revised on the basis of periodic scientific and technological assessments. Since the 2002 Assessment of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, a large number of technical developments have taken place. The Panel's six Technical Options Committees have each issued a 2006 Assessment Report that document these developments. The present publication contains the report on chemicals. ... Read more

Product Description
A guide to technologies, equipment and products that reduce or eliminate ODS in aerosol, sterilants, miscellaneous uses and carbon tetrachloride applications. This is part of a 6-volume sourcebook series designed to help Article 5 countries identify and select appropriate technical options. ... Read more

Product Description
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed so that the phase out schedules could be revised on the basis of periodic scientific and technological assessments. Since the 2002 Assessment of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, a large number of technical developments have taken place. The Panel's six Technical Options Committees have each issued a 2006 Assessment Report that document these developments. The present publication contains the report on medical uses. ... Read more

Product Description
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed so that the phase out schedules could be revised on the basis of periodic scientific and technological assessments. Since the 2002 Assessment of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, a large number of technical developments have taken place. The Panel's six Technical Options Committees have each issued a 2006 Assessment Report that document these developments. The Executive Summaries of these reports form the body of the present publication. ... Read more