Extractions: The partition was also two-tiered. Not only was the subcontinent divided between India and Pakistan, but Pakistan itself was geographically divided into east and west. The two regions were separated by a thousand miles of India, making communication, commerce, and the development of a national culture extremely difficult. A thousand miles apart and often treated disdainfully by the larger and more prosperous West Pakistan the easterners seceded in 1971. Pakistan's central government in the west attempted to militarily hold on to the east. India, however, happy to work with anyone in conflict with Pakistan, militarily intervened and successfully assisted the easterners to secure political independence. While the Indians were on the winning side the secession of what became Bangladesh only intensified the rancor between them and Pakistan. Moreover, Bangladesh, while known as a fairly tolerant country, has also been accused of harboring elements of the al-Qaeda organization. By the 1990s the relationship between India and Pakistan became even more strained. Both countries had become nuclear powers. Though their respective arsenals were and remain modest each is the other's primary target. In late 2001 and early 2002, even while the United States was sending its own military to combat the Taliban and al-Qaeda, India and Pakistan were threatening to go to war with each other. In the subcontinent threats of war frequently lead to war. The United States was able to mediate and defuse the dispute, at least temporarily,. Hardly a month passes without radical Hindus attacking an Islamic mosque or radical Muslims attacking a Hindu temple.
In Their Own Voices An essay by Rita Manchanda tracing the history of conflicts between the two countries.Category Society history Wars and Conflicts India-pakistan Wars Note The threeday Women Waging Peace Asia regional Meeting took place in Kathmandu,following the SAFHR India and pakistan have a history of fifty years http://www.womenwagingpeace.net/content/intheirownvoices/spotlight/manchanda.asp
Extractions: Whether as a journalist witnessing the violence of the Kashmir insurgency; a program executive coordinating projects on women, media, and conflict; or a founder and committee member of the Pakistan India People's Forum for Peace and Democracy, Rita Manchanda demonstrates that "without a participatory democracy, one cannot have an enduring and sustainable peace." She is an exemplary woman peace builder whose innate courage and determination has brought together hundreds of people from both sides of the India/Pakistan conflict to demystify "hate politics" and promote a vision of lasting peace. Rita Manchanda is the India/Pakistan Local Partner for Women Waging Peace and has been a member since its launch in December 1999. Working within this tempest of violence and war, Rita Manchanda challenges years of institutional partition by promoting peace-building activities across conflict borders and advocating for women's full participation in a democratic peace process.
Extractions: Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY Pages from the history of the Indian Subcontinent Islam and the sub-continent - appraising its impact Perhaps no aspect of India's history excites more passion and violent disagreement than the evaluation of Islam's role in the sub-continent. On the one hand, the most extreme advocates of the 2-nation theory see the arrival of Islam as overwhelmingly positive - defending every gory invader or brutal conqueror that reached Indian soil - there are others who see the arrival of Islam as an even more destructive event for the people of the sub-continent than colonial rule. (See the article on the 2-nation theory for a comparison of India's Islamic period with colonial rule) . For Indians, this problem has been compounded by the impact of colonial rule, and its attempt to foster divisions and heighten tensions between India's different religious communities. A successful fight against colonial rule required the widest possible unity of the Indian people. This often meant that historical disputes between Hindu and Muslim scholars had to be muted. The fear of inciting communal riots or tensions and religious separatism weighed heavily on many historians. Partition caused such fears to linger on into the post-independence period as well. Because Muslims were a minority in India, there was a reluctance on the part of secular historians to critique the role of Islam in any way that could be perceived as 'negative'. Unfortunately this also led to an intellectual vacuum and historical confusion that has now been exploited by less scrupulous historians and even sheer myth-makers.
Columbia Interactive - A Political History Of Pakistan His publications on pakistan include The Breakup of pakistan in The regional ImperativeThe Administration of US Foreign pakistan A Modern history. http://ci.columbia.edu/ci/eseminars/1350_detail.html
Extractions: Professor Philip Oldenburg, a leading scholar of South Asian culture and history, unravels the story of Pakistan, delving into the tumultuous past of this Muslim nation. Carefully examining its struggle to establish a national identity throughout the half-century of its existence, he narrates Pakistan's history from the viewpoint of its Muslim-majority population while also explaining the perspectives of those nations with whom Pakistan has been at war. Professor Oldenburg looks at the roots of the formation of Pakistan in 1947, at its effort to redefine itself as a Middle Eastern rather than a South Asian state, and at its complex history of conflict with India and Bangladesh, the new nation that was formed out of territory that was once Pakistan. E-Seminar Length: 3-5 hours Start Date: Anytime Credits: Not-for-Credit Prerequisites: None Moderator: None Columbia Students, Faculty, and Staff:
History Books (book Reviews) of Extremes* The Short Twentieth Century 19141991; J. Hussain A history of thePeoples of pakistan Towards Independence; Audrey R. Kahin regional Dynamics of http://dannyreviews.com/s/history.html
SAPRA INDIA: Regional Issues: Pakistan, A Failed State The rest is history vividly described in the economically stronger and prosperousPakistan, where all invasion of Afghanistan, the regional political situation http://www.subcontinent.com/sapra/regional/regional20001001d.html
Extractions: Use these buttons to navigate to the other index pages. Use the Home button below to get back to the SAPRA INDIA Home Page Syed Ahmed Tariq Mir, Member of the Central Co-ordination Committee, MQM, said in the SAPRA conference, that the effects of partition are visible in Pakistan even after 53 years of independence. He said Pakistan is ruled by 46 families and that the Mohajir population of over 30 million is being kept hostage by the Punjabi dominated Pakistani establishment A government will be considered a failure if it does not do all it can to serve its people with all the resources at its disposal. Problems arise when governments of the poorer countries fail to serve their people due to lack of direction, self-interest, corruption and incompetence. Naturally, a country as a whole is dubbed a failed nation when its people are not served. When the Baloch, Pakhtoons and Sindhis demanded their rights and fair share in the resources of the country they were mercilessly crushed by Punjabi forces. When the Mohajirs (immigrants from India) under the leadership of Altaf Hussain raised their voice in the Sindh province against the Punjabi establishment, they were targeted by the ISI - Inter Services Intelligence of Pakistan. Finally, a full blown army operation was launched on 19th June 1992 against Mohajirs and their representative political party, the MQM. These atrocities are continuing till today in one form or another. The appetite of the Punjabi establishment to usurp the resources of the smaller provinces is insatiable. This is creating instability in the country. Smaller provinces want to see an economically stronger and prosperous Pakistan, where all provinces are treated in equal footing and their rights respected. With this in mind, the MQM along with Baloch, Pakhtoon and Sindhi leaders have formulated a 12-point resolution for the solidarity and well-being of the country. The leaders of smaller provinces want to see this resolution put into practice. But there are odds against it, as the situation is not completely in the control of the present military government.
Political Texts Part of a series titled Inventing the Nation, this book develops that theme inoverlapping chronological order, weaving together Indian and pakistan history. http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/REGIONAL/SAI/politicaltexts.html
Extractions: Contains an introduction, "The Governance of South Asia Under the British," and substantial country profiles: India (pp. 21-159); Pakistan (pp. 163-230); Bangladesh (pp. 233-300); and Sri Lanka (pp. 303-364). There is a chapter on Nepal, the Maldives, and Bhutan, and one on South Asia as a region. Sankaran Krishna Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999) Part of a series titled "Inventing the Nation," this book develops that theme in overlapping chronological order, weaving together Indian and Pakistan history. Robert Hardgrave and Stanley Kochanek India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation (Sixth edition; Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2000)
Listings Of The World Society History By Topic Wars And regional/Asia/pakistan/Society_and_Culture/history (15) Society/history/By_Time_Period/Twentieth_Century/Wars_and_Conflicts/Indiapakistan_War(18) Society http://listingsworld.com/Society/History/By_Topic/Wars_and_Conflicts/Regional/Pa
Taliban Stir Up Regional Instability significantly accentuated the differences between regional forces, in and know nothingof the history of their they developed rapidly in pakistan after the http://mondediplo.com/1999/11/07taliban
SouthAsia.Net A web portal on issues and information on South Asia. Includes details of economics, industries, arts, Category regional Asia Regions South Asia Issues pakistan (66) pakistan Regions Cities history National Issues CommunityAbroad People (133) People Communities Private Pages regional Cooperation (22 http://southasia.net/
WebGuest - Open Directory Society History By Topic Wars See also regional Asia pakistan Society and Culture history (14); SocietyIssues Warfare and Conflict Specific Conflicts Indiapakistan (30). Sites http://directory.webguest.com/index.cgi/Society/History/By_Topic/Wars_and_Confli
Roshan Pakistan history of Lahore Emphasis is on buildings and of Yellow pages business directoryin pakistan ( Hits 62 ). Karachi News Karachi, regional and world news from http://www.roshanpakistan.com/slevel.asp?pid=Regional
World History pakistan history and regional Cultures from WWW Virtual Library; pakistan'sHistorical Background from Sarhad Tourism Corp., pakistan. http://www.npc.edu/lib/worldhistory.htm
Extractions: To return to NPC Web Page from Internet site, click on "x" in upper right hand corner if "Back" button is not active. East Asia Egypt Europe General Country Studies Area Handbook from Library of Congress from Yale Law School Incor Internet Country Guides International Institute of Social History Portals to the World, from Library of Congress Rulers (back to 1700) by B. Schemmel
Extractions: Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY Pages from the history of the Indian Subcontinent Islam and the sub-continent - appraising its impact Perhaps no aspect of India's history excites more passion and violent disagreement than the evaluation of Islam's role in the sub-continent. On the one hand, the most extreme advocates of the 2-nation theory see the arrival of Islam as overwhelmingly positive - defending every gory invader or brutal conqueror that reached Indian soil - there are others who see the arrival of Islam as an even more destructive event for the people of the sub-continent than colonial rule. (See the article on the 2-nation theory for a comparison of India's Islamic period with colonial rule) . For Indians, this problem has been compounded by the impact of colonial rule, and its attempt to foster divisions and heighten tensions between India's different religious communities. A successful fight against colonial rule required the widest possible unity of the Indian people. This often meant that historical disputes between Hindu and Muslim scholars had to be muted. The fear of inciting communal riots or tensions and religious separatism weighed heavily on many historians. Partition caused such fears to linger on into the post-independence period as well. Because Muslims were a minority in India, there was a reluctance on the part of secular historians to critique the role of Islam in any way that could be perceived as 'negative'. Unfortunately this also led to an intellectual vacuum and historical confusion that has now been exploited by less scrupulous historians and even sheer myth-makers.
A History Of Pakistan - in the world, the only nuclear power governed by the military, make the study ofthis country's history one of East pakistan Islam or regional Identity? http://styluspub.com/books/book5674.html
Extractions: History Book Club Selection. This book, compiled by a renowned academic team under the editorship of Christophe Jaffrelot is written in a style that is suitable for both academic readers, as well as those who seek a more general intellectual understanding of the region. Christoph Jaffrelot is Director of CERI (Centre dEtudes et de Recherche Internationales) and a Researcher at CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), France. Contents Part I: A Nation in Search of Identity - Islamic Identity and Ethnic Tension. East Pakistan - Islam or Regional Identity? The Search for Democracy. Part II: External Political Factors - Pakistan and Power Struggles. Indo-Pakistan Relations. Islam as a Factor in International Relations. Part III: Economy and Social Structure: Demographic Change. Economic Development. Between Caste and Tribe. Part IV: A Plural Culture? - The Diversity of Islam. Islam and Politics. Language and Education. Conclusion: A Country in Crisis. Bibliography. Glossary. Chronology. Indexes. 326 pp pages, 6" x 9 1/4", November 2002
Squashtalk Features SquashTalk history. Historical Narratives Squash in pakistan Hall of Fame PlayersGreat Rivalries International Data USA Data Other National Data USA regional http://www.squashtalk.com/html/features.htm
History Of Neurosurgery In Pakistan in December of 1963 after training at the regional Neurological Center at IA Rajafor his contribution towards the history of Neurosurgery in pakistan ). http://www.pakneurosurgery.org/history.html
Extractions: The College of Physician and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) was established in 1962 and a training program in Neurosurgery was started. Dr. Javed Masood was granted the first FCPS degree in Neurosurgery in 1973. A Training program was also started by Professor Bashir Ahmad leading to MS in Neurosurgery. Professor Javed Majeed Mian was granted the first MS in Neurosurgery in 1974. At present, both degrees are being offered in several centers in various parts of Pakistan, MS by the University and FCPS by the College of Physician and Surgeons. At present there are 37 Neurosurgical Centers in Pakistan where different levels of Neurosurgery are being practiced. Every major city has a Neurosurgeon. The population of Pakistan is approximately 135 million. There are about 110 Neurosurgeons in Pakistan including 3 female neurosurgeons. Many neurosurgeons have two qualifications. In general, there are 21 neurosurgeons with FRCS, 62 with FCPS and 23 with MS a neurosurgery. A total of about 1120 beds are reserved for Neurosurgery through out the country.
AsiaSource: AsiaEXPERTS - A Resource Of The Asia Society the Asia Society, its programs, publications, exhibitions, regional centers, membership Discipline(s)history, Religion. Specialty(s) Modern India and pakistan. http://www.asiasource.org/experts/ax_mp_02_country.cfm?countryid=25
AsiaSource: AsiaEXPERTS - A Resource Of The Asia Society its programs, publications, exhibitions, regional centers, membership, and s) Partition,BritishEmpire, Cartographic history. Region/Country pakistan, India. http://www.asiasource.org/experts/ax_mp_02_country.cfm?countryid=30
