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Canada was a difficult territory to map. Planning, effort and overall cost were comparable to building the Canadian Pacific Railway or the St-Lawrence Seaway. "Mapping a Northern Land" recounts the immense human effort it took to define this vast country. From the naming of Canada's places and features to the role Canada has played internationally in mapping and surveying, this volume continues the story of surveying, photogrammetry, and cartography launched by the three-volume "Men and Meridians". Twenty-three specialists describe the birth and development of remote sensing, especially valuable because many areas are difficult to access, and geographical information systems, a Canadian innovation. They also provide information on developments in geodesy, topographic mapping, remote sensing, navigational charting, and geographic information systems during a period of tremendous technological change. For those interested in the maps, "Mapping a Northern Land" explores federal and provincial map and chart styles, a wealth of atlases, and the numerous thematic maps produced in Canada. ... Read more

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Landscape ecology is a rapidly growing science of quantifying the ways in which ecosystems interact - of establishing a link between activities in one region and repercussions in another region. Remote sensing is a fast, inexpensive tool for conducting the landscape inventories that are essential to this branch of science. However, anyone who has conducted studies in the field has already found that traditional landscape ecology metrics are not always reliable with remote images. Landscape Ecology: New Metric Indicators for Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment of Ecosystems with Remote Sensing presents a new set of metrics that allows remotely sensed data to be used effectively in landscape ecology.This groundbreaking new work is the first to present new metrics for remote sensing of landscapes and demonstrate how they can be used to yield more accurate analyses for GIS studies. The new metrics expand the capabilities of GIS, reduce interference and incorrect readings, help ecologists better understand ecosystem relationships, and reduce study costs. This set of metrics should be adopted by the EPA and will be the standard measure for future landscape analysis.This authoritative guide assesses the current state of the field and how remote sensing and landscape metrics have been used to date. It also explains how some of the traditional metrics were developed and how they can fail in landscape studies. Once this background has been established, the new metrics are introduced and their benefits and uses explained. The information in this book has previously been available only in scattered journal articles; this is the first single source for complete background information and instructions on using the new metrics. ... Read more

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Much needed critalcal view on spatial indices
Working with the development of indices/indicatorsfor sustainability and structural diversity of forests, I find this little book highly inspiring. Wanting to use some of the metrics that are implemented in e.g. Fragstatsand r.le for GRASS - it was nice to find out that someone had already takena critical view into the opportunities and pitfalls of this approach. Thedisadvantages of the "contagion" and "fractaldimension" indices are demonstrated be use of diffent land cover datasets derived from Remote Sensing sources, mostly Landsat TM. Two newmetrics are proposed, and (small wonder) they are demonstrated to work muchbetter than contagion and f.d. It is nice to see a book that really focuseson a specific subject, although it would have been nice with a review ofsome more indices and a discussion of other ways to evaluate landscapestructure from RS (and GIS) data. ... Read more

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Geographic information system (GIS) computer technology is revolutionizing the way we interact with information. Data, text, drawings, maps, and images contain information that can be accessed and used intuitively through drawings containing graphical representations of the facilities to which they apply, e.g., emission stacks, sampling locations, and sites, to name only a few examples.Environmental GIS technology is being applied with increasing frequency to manage industrial facilities. Environmental GIS describes the application of this information technology. It addresses environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) information management in an integrated manner. The book focuses on dealing with information from an organizational or corporate standpoint, meaning that the needs are not specialized to the ES&H area, but are an inherent part of managing the organization. Environmental, safety, and health information management needs are examined in the context of the overall corporate information flow. This book addresses ... Read more

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In the same way that topographic, road, and rail maps provide us with information concerning the nature of the land surface and the location of man-made features. Geological maps contain data which allows an understanding of the distribution of rocks that make up the crust of the Earth and the orientation of structures they contain. Unlike ordinary maps however, geological maps include information which allows us to assess not only the location of particular rocks and the areas they cover, but also their underground extent and their geological history. Geologists construct geological maps by making observations of the nature of rocks exposed at the surface of the Earth, in drill-holes and mine shafts, and recording these on topographic maps and/or aerial photographs. In doing this they plot the locations of contacts between different rock types and measure the attitudes of these and other planar and linear features within rocks. From such information geologists can predict the shapes of rock formations at depth. Formations which, in some instances, may contain gold, oil or gas etc.Although geological maps are two dimensional, knowledge of how to interpret them permits an understanding of the extent of the geological features they show,in three dimensions, ie., both below ground and, before they were eroded away, above ground level. The ability to successfully employ geological maps in this way, depends not only on interpretation of direct measurements of the attitudes of planar and linear geological features, but also on an understanding of the relationships between the shapes of bodies of rocks, as seen on maps, and the shape of the ground surface (ie., the topography). Map interpretation is vital to all who wish to fully understand geological processes, but it confronts many students and practitioners of Geology with difficulties. This is because it is necessary to gain a three dimensional picture in the mind and eventually on paper, from data that is presented in two dimensions, ie., as a geological map; a task that is not often met in other subjects. For a few, this ability is gained quickly but, for most of us, it takes longer and is very much a matter of practice making perfect.Consequently this manual attempts to give an appreciation of the basic problems and techniques involved in unravelling the geological structure of an area from data presented as a map. Further, by pursuing some problems of analysis through use of structure contours, it attempts to encourage the reader to develop the ability to manipulate three-dimensional data. ... Read more

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Surveyors, engineers, geographers and many other professionals are regularly involved in the use of aerial photography to produce detailed map sheets. Their uses include mineral and other natural resource surveys, civil engineering site preparation, transport system planning, urban and rural development and cartography in isolated or inaccessible areas. This text offers an introduction to the theoretical bases of producing topographical maps and deals largely with the mathematical concepts used in the production of such maps from near vertical aerial photographs. For this new edition, the chapters on analytical photogrammetry, the formation and adjustment of blocks, and auxiliary instruments for providing control data have been rewritten to take account of the recent considerable advances in instrumentation. A number of new photographs of equipment have been added. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on October 1, 2000. The length of the article is 7530 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Designing Effective Bivariate Symbols: The Influence of Perceptual Grouping Processes.(in mapping spatial relationships)
Author: Elisabeth S. Nelson
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2000
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 27Issue: 4Page: 261

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on April 1, 2001. The length of the article is 8167 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Dasymetric Mapping and Areal Interpolation: Implementation and Evaluation.
Author: Cory L. Eicher
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2001
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 28Issue: 2Page: 125

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on October 1, 2001. The length of the article is 6830 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Developing web-based mapping applications through distributed object technology.
Author: Xuan Zhu
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2001
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 28Issue: 4Page: 249(10)

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on April 1, 2002. The length of the article is 6408 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Predicting data loss and duplication when resampling from equal-angle grids.(topographic mapping research)(Statistical Data Included)
Author: A. Jon Kimerling
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2002
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 29Issue: 2Page: 111(16)

Article Type: Statistical Data Included

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on April 1, 2003. The length of the article is 8141 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: To The National Map and beyond.(mapping history and innovation)
Author: John Kelmelis
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2003
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 30Issue: 2Page: 185(13)

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on April 1, 2003. The length of the article is 821 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and GeoSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Programs at National Imagery and Mapping Agency.
Author: Thomas M. Carson
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2003
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 30Issue: 2Page: 179(2)

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on July 1, 2004. The length of the article is 4570 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Mobile mapping and geographic information systems.(Foreword)
Author: Keith C. Clarke
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: July 1, 2004
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 31Issue: 3Page: 131(6)

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on July 1, 2004. The length of the article is 5788 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: GQMAP: improving performance and productivity of mobile mapping systems through GPS quality of service.(global positioning systems)(Global Positioning System Quality of Service map)
Author: Hassan A. Karimi
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: July 1, 2004
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 31Issue: 3Page: 167(11)

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on October 1, 2002. The length of the article is 5870 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Flexible standardization: making interoperability accessible to agencies with limited resources.(mapping)
Author: Nadine Schuurman
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: October 1, 2002
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 29Issue: 4Page: 343(11)

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This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on April 1, 2007. The length of the article is 13899 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: KEYWORDS: Dasymetric, geographic information systems, cadastral maps, areal interpolation, areal weighting, expert systems, thematic maps, asthma, New York City

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Title: Mapping population distribution in the urban environment: the Cadastral-based Expert Dasymetric System (CEDS).(Author abstract)
Author: Juliana Astrud Maantay
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2007
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 34Issue: 2Page: 77(26)

Article Type: Author abstract

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This digital document is an article from Science of Everyday Things, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 4645 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.

The four-volume “Science of Everyday Things” set illustrates the importance of scientific and mathematical principles through their use in everyday life. Each volume focuses on a specific scientific discipline — biology, chemistry, earth sciences and physics — offering an in-depth understanding of each discipline and its theories, creating a sense of real-life relevance for students and those not scientifically-inclined, and including interesting facts and details relating to each principle. The fascinating entries offer explanations of concepts using a straightforward, step-by-step approach, and present theories in their everyday applications. Some examples of the entries covered include how osmosis is used in dehydrating fruit; Charles' law and the chemical reaction that sets off an airbag; and how algorithms are used to figure out the NCAA playoff tournaments.

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This manual, "Photogrammetric Mapping", is adapted from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers "Technical Engineering and Design Guides, No. 14". It provides procedures, minimum accuracy requirements, instrumentation and equipment requirements, and quality control criteria for photogrammetric mapping. This includes aerial photography and standard line mapping products, including digital spatial data for use in computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) systems. The manual should be used as a guide in planning mapping requirements, developing contract specifications, and preparing cost estimates for all phases of aerial photography and photogrammetric mapping. Throughout the manual, photogrammetric mapping criteria standards are in specific terms and are normally summarized in tables while methodologies are discussed in more general terms if they are described in readily available references. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Then, planet earth became known to us all: a ghostly sphere..."

"In centuries past, some thought the world was flat, or rested on the back of a turtle; for others, earth was a perfect sphere locked tightly into the heart of other spheres. But its true shape remained unseen by human eyes untikl christmas 1968, when the astronauts of Apollo 8 left the earth gravity to circumnavigate the moon. Then, planet earth became known to us all: a ghostly sphere..." The Shape of the World



Late Antiquity Astronomy:
The Hellenized Egyptian Capital, Alexandria developed 'New Mathematics' that enabled men to travel by land and overseas, measured the distance to the farthest stars, and estimated the number of sand grains in the universe. Alexandrine Astronomers were eventually able to measure by indirect means the radius of the earth, the diameter of the sun and moon and the distance to the moon, the sun, the planets, and the stars. Aristarchus virtually invented modern astronomy; while Euclid wrote the elements of geometry and founded mathematics, and methods of its instruction.
"Alexandria originated the greatest advances of mathematics and along with them the creation of an earth-centered model of the orbits of the planets sound enough to survive ... for the very creator of a new solar system model, Claudius Ptolemy, who wrote ancient astronomy's most encyclopedic work, the Almagest*." Conversing With the Planets
Ptolemy's Almagest is one of the most influential scientific works in history, second only to 'The Elements' by Euclid. A masterpiece of technical exposition, it was the basic textbook of astronomy for more than a thousand years, and still is the main source for our knowledge of ancient astronomy. It develops in a modern format, utilizing medieval Arabic translations to identify and make numerous corrections, adding extensive footnotes that take account of the great progress in understanding the work made in this century, due to the discovery of Babylonian records.

Earth Mapping:
Preparation of most except the largest scale maps, where a flat Earth can be assumed without significant error, demands accurate knowledge of the size and shape of the Earth. The notion that the Earth is spherical in shape was developed by the ancient Greeks. One of the earliest determinations of the size of the Earth, based on its perfect spherical; shape, was made by Eratosthenes the second century B.C. Alexandrian geographer and astronomer.He is noted for devising a system of latitude and longitude, and for being the first known to have calculated the circumference of the Earth. He also created a map of the world based on the available geographical knowledge of the era. He knew that at the summer solstice, the noon sun is directly overhead on the Tropic of Cancer, where the town of Syene (present-day Aswan, Egypt) was located since vertical shadows were cast there at the summer solstice. He also observed that at the summer solstice, angled shadows were cast at Alexandria which is located north of Syene on approximately the same meridian. He measured the angle of the shadow and found it to be 7.2 degrees, or about 1/50 of a full circle. He measured (or possibly estimated) the distance between Alexandria and Syene at 5000 stadia and therefore determined that the circumference of the Earth was 50 times 5000 or 250,000 stadia. Given modern estimates of the length of a stadia, this is remarkably close to the Earth's equatorial circumference of 40,075 km.

Maps of Ancient world:
Around 150 AD, Claudius Ptolemy, an Alexandrine geographer, and astronomer, compiled an encyclopedia of the ancient world from the archives of a legendary library in Alexandria, Egypt. His eight-volume Geography included extensive maps of the known world, all based on a curved globe. Unfortunately, learning and intellect went out of fashion in Europe between 400 and 1200 AD. The storehouses of Alexandrian scientific knowledge were lost to Western society with the advent of the Dark Ages. Sea monsters and Vikings ruled the seas, and ships that ventured too far from shore were sure to fall off the edge of a flat Earth. Maps made in that time were based on religious beliefs or superstitions, not on observations, calculations, or scientific inquiry. Rectangular maps of the Earth represented the "four corners of the Earth." Circular maps usually placed the birthplace of Christianity, the holy city of Jerusalem, at the center of the world.

Cartography and Globes:
Cartographers have long known that the images on maps often do not reflect the actual shapes and relative sizes of continents and seas. In the widely used map projection drawn in 1569 by the Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator, Greenland is exaggerated 16 times and appears to be bigger than South America, even though it is only about the size of Mexico. The National Geographic's Van der Grinten projection, which has been used for the past seven decades, shows Alaska blown up to five times its real size, making it appear roughly equivalent of Brazil, which is actually six times as large. Garver acknowledged, "The only accurate map is a globe." But globes are awkward to carry around. And no matter what gimmick is used, drawing the surface of a sphere on a flat plane results in distortion. Anyone who tries to flatten a whole peel of an orange can imagine the difficulty. The features of a globe cannot be transferred accurately to a flat map. If the shapes of continents are correct, the sizes are wrong; a system that is accurate at the equator is hopeless at the poles. Endless variations have been tried, from circles to ovals, rectangles, hearts and butterflies, all of them flawed. Competing versions have triggered emotional controversies. "Cartographers since Ptolemy have wrestled with the problem," says Arthur Robinson, professor emeritus of geography at the University of Wisconsin, who devised the projection used in the Geographic Society's new map. "Alas, there is no perfect solution."

Map-makers & Projections:
Most map makers devise projections with mathematics. "Mapmaking is as much an art form as a science," argues Robinson, the dean of U.S. cartographers. Thus he began by visualizing the way each country ought to look on a map, then turned to mathematics to delineate its shape. "What I really did," says Robinson, "was create a portrait of the earth." There are still distortions in his map, both at the equator and at the poles, "Only at these latitudes are the size and shape relationships accurate, as they are on the globe." To convey a sense of roundness, the map has been given curved sides. The Geographic Society's new map, like its predecessor, is centered on Europe, in part it is "the best balance available between geography and aesthetics."

Of Continents and Seas:
In the widely used map projection drawn in 1569 by the Flemish cartographer G. Mercator, Greenland is exaggerated 16 times. The National Geographic's Van der Grinten projection, which has been used for the past seven decades, shows Alaska blown up to five times its real size, appearing roughly equivalent of Brazil, which is actually six times as large. "The only accurate map is a globe," acknowledges Garver, But globes are awkward to carry around. The features of a globe cannot be transferred accurately to a flat map. Endless variations have been tried, from circles to ovals, rectangles, hearts and butterflies, all of them flawed. Competing versions have triggered emotional controversies. "Cartographers since Ptolemy have wrestled with the problem," says Arthur Robinson, professor emeritus of geography at the University of Wisconsin, who devised the projection used in the Geographic Society's new map. "Alas, there is no perfect solution."
Most mapmakers devise projections with mathematics -- and nowadays the computer. But Robinson, who is considered the dean of U.S. cartographers, decided to take a different approach. "Mapmaking is as much an art form as a science," he argues. Thus he began by visualizing the way each country ought to look on a map, then turned to mathematics to delineate its shape. "What I really did," says Robinson, "was create a portrait of the earth."

Early maps exhibition:
An exhibition of early maps and sea charts at Scandinavia House offers both literal and mind-expanding lessons. It presents 76 maps, atlases and sea charts that depict the world, Europe, Scandinavia and Norway, dating from the late 15th century to the late 18th century.The displays begin with an impressive wall of woodblock maps of Europe and the world from around 1500. Most are based on the atlas of the great Greek geographer Ptolemy, the coordinates for which resurfaced during the Renaissance. Although it is not known if the 26 maps of the Roman empire whose coordinates Ptolemy plotted were actually made during his time (second century A.D.), Italian cartographers put them to immediate use: Ptolemy's ''Geographia,'' an influential atlas, was published in Italy in the late 15th century. Included here is a Ptolemaic map published in Ulm in 1482; it isolates Scandinavia for the first time, surrounding its irregular land masses with deep blue water. To its right is one of the first maps of Europe to replace Ptolemy's model with a more accurate projection of the continent, a woodblock published by Schedel in Nuremberg in 1493, a year after Columbus set sail.

Topography & Topographers:
The location of mountains, ocean trenches, ridges, and coastlines are all keys to the analysis of Earth's dynamic processes. Topography is a fundamental databasis available to Earth scientists, to examine the spatial relationships between areas of high topography. They can accordingly study how these relationships arise from plate interactions, that could cause earthquakes, and volcanoes.The resolution of the topographic data set is approximately one km, so a variety of features related to the underlying geology, geologic history and dynamic earth processes that create topography could be enabled for study. The Christian Topography was written over a period of years: the first five books were compiled for a friend, Pamphilus, and the remainder as occasion arose: partly to answer critics of the original books, partly to provide evidence from earlier writers for the truth of his understanding of scripture, and (bk. XI) to describe the animals and other curiosities he had encountered in his travels, especially to the island of Taprobane (Ceylon).

Cosmas Indicopleustes:
Indicopleustes, 'India-voyager,' of Alexandria was a Greek sailor in the early 6th century who travelled to Ethiopia, India and Sri Lanka.He then became a monk, probably of Nestorian tendencies, and around 550 AD wrote a strange book, copiously illustrated, which is the text presented here. There can be few books which have attracted more derision, mixed with wonder, than the Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes.It advances the idea that the world is flat, and that the heavens form the shape of a box with a curved lid.The latter pages of his work are devoted to The approach to scripture is discreditable, and the conclusion made simply wrong.The book isrebutting the criticism of his fellow-monks, that what he was saying was wrong.

The Shape of the World:
Above concise introduction, could be expanded magnificently, with plenty of visual aids, photos and maps, in the beautifully illustrated companion to a six partPBS TV series , a classic documentary that tells the story of exploring and measuring plant earth, with attempts to draw maps for its continents and seas. This amazing book is one of few to mention my synonym Cosmas, but the book surveys the total history of mapmaking from Pythagoras, and Ptolomyto Galileo, up to the NASA space photos of our plant.
The book has reproductions of many of the landmark maps of the ancient and medieval world, with stories of discoverers as Columbus and Magellan who sailed unknown seas, which created the magic of our childhood, that you could recapture now.

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Product Description
This digital document is an article from Cartography and Geographic Information Science, published by American Congress on Surveying & Mapping on July 1, 2003. The length of the article is 536 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: From the editor.(Editorial)
Author: E. Lynn Usery
Publication: Cartography and Geographic Information Science (Refereed)
Date: July 1, 2003
Publisher: American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
Volume: 30Issue: 3Page: 235(2)

Article Type: Editorial

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