61. ACID RAIN RETIREMENT FUND A R R F. Mission Statement. The acid rain Retirement Fund was foundedto prevent air pollution by buying it right out of the sky. http://www.usm.maine.edu/~pos/arrf.htm

A R R F Buying Pollution Right Out of the Sky! A R R F Mission Statement The Acid Rain Retirement Fund was founded to prevent air pollution by buying it right out of the sky. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issues pollution allowances or permits that enable companies to emit sulfur dioxide (SO2). These permits are auctioned off to the public and a permit for one ton of sulphur dioxide was recently about $130. The Acid Rain Retirement Fund raises funds and bids alongside polluters for as many pollution allowances as our funds can buy. We then retire that pollution credit permanently. As we buy pollution allowances we remove that amount of sulfur dioxide from our ecosystem forever. As we retire more pollution allowances, the price will go up. Polluting companies will need to bid larger amounts of money to continue polluting. As the price of polluting goes up, companies will be more inclined to invest money in technologies that remove pollution before it reaches the smokestack. The Acid Rain Retirement Fund is a nonprofit corporation that uses 100% of the money donated to buy pollution allowances. No portion of a donor's money will be use for administrative purposes unless the donor designates it so. We seek to bid on and remove as much pollution as possible from the environment.

62. Air Pollution -- Acid Rain Site Search. Links to Other Resources. Contact Us. acid rain (or acid deposition,as it's called in technical circles) is produced by the burning of fossil fuels. http://www.cleanairtrust.org/acidrain.html

Home Page About the Clean Air Trust Membership: Join Today! Clean Air Villains: February 2003 January 2003 December 2002 October 2002 ... Bulletins Archive Air Pollution: Acid Rain Air Toxics Carbon Monoxide Lead ... Sulfur Dioxide Big Trucks: The Dirty Truth Survey Results Control Technologies The Clean Air Act: Basic Objectives Restated The Clean Air Act: Recommended Reading Site Search Links to Other Resources Contact Us Acid rain (or acid deposition, as it's called in technical circles) is produced by the burning of fossil fuels. It is formed when emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen and oxidants to form various acidic compounds. These compounds then fall to the ground in either wet or dry form. Acid rain acidifies lakes and streams and contributes to damage of trees at high elevations. (Check out Mount Mitchell in North Carolina if you want a graphic example of tree damage.) Hundreds of lakes in the Adirondacks have become too acidic to support sensitive fish species. In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of paints and buildings. Electric power plants account for about 70 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions about 30 percent of nitrogen oxides emissions. Cars, trucks and buses also are major sources of nitrogen oxides.

63. Is Acid Rain Killing Off Wood Thrushes? acid rain may be forgotten, but it is not gone, and now researchers at the CornellLaboratory of Ornithology have linked it to the decline of the wood thrush http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/08/0813_020813_acidrain.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Is Acid Rain Killing Off Wood Thrushes? Robert Winkler for National Geographic News August 13, 2002 Get National Geographic Subscribe now for a year of animal adventures, dinosaur discoveries, and more. Acid rain may be forgotten, but it is not gone, and now researchers at the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology have linked it to the decline of the wood thrush, a forest bird known for its beautiful song. Using data from the BBS, from government studies of acid rain and soil acidity, and from a Cornell Lab study of forest fragmentation, the researchers did a statistical analysis and found that increased amounts of acid rain make wood thrushes less likely to breed. Wood Thrush Nest Photograph by Joe McDonald/CORBIS More News Diary of the Planet The Environment Travel National Geographic Today Special Series Digital Lifestyles: feature by Sony EarthPulse National Geographic Out There ... Mount Everest Expedition An article on the finding appears in the August 12 issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

64. Acid Rain SEA Project Student's fun and informative site about acid rain, in North Carolina and in general.Category Science Environment Air Quality Acid Deposition...... http://acidrain.8k.com/

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65. Acid Rain pollution. HOW acid rain IS FORMED. acid rain is caused by the releaseof the gases SO2 (sulphur dioxide) and NOX (nitrous oxides). The http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/Envfacts/facts/acidrain.htm

WHAT ARE ACIDS? There are many different kinds of acids. The proteins in our food, and in our bodies, are made up of amino acids. Motor cars start because of the sulphuric acid in their batteries. Swimming pools need hydrochloric acid, commonly known as `pool acid'. Some acids are weak, e.g acetic acid (vinegar) and lemon juice. They are not harmful and are used in preparing our food. Othershowever, such as sulphuric acid (battery acid) are strong and can burn holes in our clothes. WHAT SHOULD RAIN BE LIKE? The only place on earth where pure water is found is in a laboratory. Rain water always contains small amounts of impurities. These impurities come from dust particles or are absorbed from the gases in the air. If pure water is exposed to the air it absorbs carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid and becomes slightly acidic, dropping from pH 7 i.e. neutral, to pH 5,6. Even in remote, unpopulated areas rain can reach a pH of 4,5. However, a pH of less than 4,5 in rain is almost certainly caused by pollution. HOW ACID RAIN IS FORMED Acid rain is caused by the release of the gases SO2 (sulphur dioxide) and NOX (nitrous oxides). The main sources of SO2 in South Africa are coal-fired power stations and metal working industries. The main sources of NOX emissions are vehicles and fuel combustion.

66. Acid Rain In Wisconsin acid rain in Wisconsin. This information originally appeared in the DNR booklet acid rain in Wisconsin, publication AM129-94. What is acid rain? http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/air/health/acidrain.htm

Acid Rain in Wisconsin This information originally appeared in the DNR booklet "Acid Rain in Wisconsin," publication AM-129-94. What is acid rain? And where does it come from? How do we measure acidity? What do we know about the effects of acid rain in Wisconsin? What legislative action has been taken? ... Contacts The effects of acid rain are evident in New York's Adirondack Mountains, in Germany's Black Forest, and industrial urban areas around the worldand the picture is not a pretty one. It includes stands of dying trees, lakes uninhabitable by fish, and weathered and damaged historic architecture. While acid rain has not caused such severe problems in Wisconsin as in the places mentioned above, it is still an air pollution issue that generates concern among the state's residents. Frequently asked questions are: How bad is the problem in the state? What are the causes? What is being done to protect Wisconsin's resources? What is acid rain? And where does it come from? While pure rain is naturally slightly acidic, the higher level of acidity in acid rain makes it a threat to plant and aquatic life and to some manmade materials and structures. The slight natural acidity of pure rain is the result of carbon dioxide in the air dissolving in water to produce a weak carbonic acid solution. This natural acid in rainfall and snowmelt is partly responsible for the long, slow weathering of soil and rocks. Acid rain, however, is the result of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides entering the atmosphere. These two pollutants are mainly produced by human activities. Sulfur dioxide is most commonly produced by coal-fired power plants and factories, while nitrogen oxides are products of motor vehicles and off-road engines, coal-fired power plants and factories (such as pulp and paper mills in Wisconsin), and home furnaces.

67. Environmental Issues Site Similar pages Education Planet Environment,Ecology,Pollution,acid rain Lesson Home/Environment/Ecology/Pollution acid rain (22). 3. acid rain get facts aboutwhat acid rain is and how it affects your health and the environment. http://environment.about.com/cs/acidrain3/

zfp=-1 About Environmental Issues Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Environmental Issues with Lara JillRosenblith Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS ANWR News Wildlife Photos Be a Guest Writer ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement In The Spotlight Thu, Apr 3, 2003 10 Reasons to Oppose an Attack on Iraq On March 18, 2003, a coalition of environmentalists opposed to the U.S.-led attack on Iraq, known as The Environmentalists Against War launched a Website to raise awareness of the possible environmental consequences of a second Gulf War. More: Oil Field Fire Photo - Bergan Oil Field, Kuwait 1991 Animal and Ecological Terrorism Bill Animal rights and environmental activists are the targets of the so-called "Animal and Ecological Terrorism Act." Similar forms of this bill have been introduced recently in Texas, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maine. More: Eco Crimes - Forest ArsonBoise Cascade More: Economics - From tree spikes to shopping malls Yellowstone Bison Sent to Slaughter Since Monday March 2, 231 wild bison have been captured and sent to slaughter from the Stephens Creek buffalo trap, located inside Yellowstone near the park's Northern entrance.

68. Acid Rain encyclopediaEncyclopedia acid rain. acid rain or acid deposition,formof precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) containing high http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0802334

Reduce your family medical costs by up to 60% now! Oral health..Save up to 60% on dental care. Easy Medical Diagnosis..stop smoking! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia acid rain acid rain or acid deposition, form of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) containing high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids ( p Acid rain became a political issue in the 1980s, when Canada claimed that pollutants from the United States were contaminating its forests and waters. Since then regulations have been enacted in North America and Europe to curb sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants; these include the U.S. Clean Air Act (as reauthorized and expanded in 1990) and the Helsinki protocol (1985), in which 21 European nations promised to reduce emissions by specified amounts. To assess the effectiveness of reductions a comprehensive study, comparing data from lakes and rivers across N Europe and North America, was conducted by an international team of scientists in 1999. The results they reported were mixed: while sulfates (the main acidifying water pollutant from acid rain) were lower, only some areas showed a decrease in overall acidity. It remained to be determined whether more time or a greater reduction in sulfur emissions was needed to reduce freshwater acidity in all areas. See

69. Acid Rain: Find All The Information, News, And Resources About The Acid Rain Pro acid rain. acid rain is a general name for many phenomena including acidfog, acid sleet, and acid snow. Although acid rain Resources Acid http://www.ggw.org/RochesterEnvironment/acid_rain.htm

Home Up FAQ Feedback ... Subscribe or Unsubscribe to RENewsletter Get news links Action reports updates every week. Calendar To add your event, e-mail it to me Environment Forum Sponsored by Be sure to visit these pages (below) in Green Solitaire Environmental ACTION! Bush Watch Environment News ... Rochester Pictorial Acid Rain "Acid rain" is a general name for many phenomena including acid fog, acid sleet, and acid snow. Although we associate the acid threat with rainy days, acid deposition occurs all the time, even on sunny days. Something is acidic if it has a low pH. The pH of a liquid is measured on a scale which ranges from to 14 with 7.0 being neutral. Anything with a pH value lower than 7.0 is acidic, and anything higher than 7.0 is basic. Particles of sulphur and nitrogen emitted by cars, coal-fired generators, and non-ferrous smelters can be carried great distances and deposited anywhere from a few hundred to a few thousand kilometers from their source area. Even when sulphur and nitrogen particles fall to the surface as dry deposition they combine with water at the earth's surface or in the ground to produce the same effects as wet deposition. Acid rain has become a grave problem. North America and Europe are the areas with the most problematic and noticeable overall acid precipitation levels. They both receive precipitation with pH as low as 4.7. Acid deposition endangers forests, lakes and agriculture. No single storm or event can cause all this remarkable damage. Rather, the effects of acid rain occur as a slow and continuous process.

70. Acid Rain Links acid rain Links. Back to SWOOPE Homepage. Student Activities and BackgroundMaterials Increasing Damage to Norway's Rivers European http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/stugeon/links.htm

Acid Rain Links Back to SWOOPE Homepage Student Activities and Background Materials Increasing Damage to Norway's Rivers European Forests Damaged by Acid Rain ... Biological Sciences Acid Rain Study - Sam Houston State

71. NWC - PH Of Precipitation Office, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign,IL 61880. Online data and reports on acid rain Student Resources http://water.usgs.gov/nwc/NWC/pH/html/ph.html

National Water Conditions U.S. Geological Survey Environment Canada Climate Information Branch pH of Precipitation for November 26, - December 23, 2001 Current pH data shown on the map ( 4.9) are precipitation-weighted means caculated from preliminary laboratory results provided by the NADP/NTN Central Analytical Laboratory at the Illinois State Water Survey and are subject to change. The 190 points ( ) shown on this map represent all sites which were in operation during the reporting period.A notation of D instead of a pH value at a site indicates that there was no precipitation; a notation of M indicates that data for the site did not meet preliminary screening criteria for this provisional report. A list of the approximately 190 sites comprising the total Network and additional data for the sites are available from the NADP/NTN Coordination Office, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL 61880. On-line data and reports on acid rain Student Resources Animation Index Change from Previous Month ... U.S. Department of the Interior

72. Acid Rain Research acid rain Research. http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/AEF/1995/jones_rain.html

Acid Rain Research By Connie Jones Type of activity: Hands on activity Group/cooperative learning Inquiry lab Target audience: Life Science Biology Environmental studies Objectives: Engage students in real-life, relevant research experiences Develop problem solving and communication skills Emphasize the importance for the acquisition of skills and learning which will prepare students for the workforce of the future Abstract I am a part of a team of teachers who are directing student research projects on acid deposition in the southern Appalachian mountains. As a teaching team, we have been able to develop an interdisciplinary approach. We use the outdoor research laboratory as a common theme allowing classes of different science curriculum specialties to conduct research and share results. Three classes are involved: Environmental Science Earth Science and Advanced Chemistry. Students conduct research through a variety of hands on activities: They design an experiment and identify important variables. They identify research study areas.

73. Acid Rain's Effect On Plants And Wildlife acid rain's effect on plants and wildlife. Almost everybody has heard about acidrain and knows that it is something bad. acid rain effects plants wildlife. http://ks.essortment.com/acidraineffect_rqmz.htm

Acid rain's effect on plants and wildlife Almost everybody has heard about acid rain and knows that it is something bad. But what exactly is it? What are its effects on plants, animals, human beings, and what can be done to solve this problem? The term acid rain does not convey the true nature of the problem and therefore scientists use the term "acid depositions". This is because the acid which has formed due to pollution may return to the earth as a solid or a gas and not just as rain. Depending upon the climatic conditions it could also come down as rain, fog, or snow, and in the wet form it is known as "acid precipitation". bodyOffer(18157) Sources Certain industries, as well as emissions from vehicles give rise to increase of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the air. These emissions change into sulphates and nitrates under the influence of sunlight and moisture, and get converted into sulphuric acid and nitric acid, which come down as acid rain. Coal generally contains between 2 - 3 % sulphur, and when it is burned, this sulphur is released into the atmosphere. Electric companies and other industries which burn coal cause a lot of emission of sulphur dioxide. Other industries which process raw ore containing sulphides in order to obtain copper, zinc, or nickel also cause an increase in sulphur dioxide levels in the atmosphere. The major source of emissions of nitrogen oxides into the air, is from vehicles and other places where fossil fuels are burned. Forest fires, often caused by man, either deliberately or accidentally, are another source of pollution.

74. Effects Of Acid Rain Effects of acid rain acid rain can cause some serious problems. If acid raincontinues, we will witness the death of our treasured bodies of water. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gtdeo/areffects.html

75. Acid Rain acid rain The Poison That Falls From the Sky. Introduction Causes of acid rain.Effects of acid rain. Other Where acid rain is the Worst. Legislation. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gtdeo/acidrain.html

76. Resources For Middle School Science--3.5-- Acid Rain. 3.5 acid rain. Module 2.7. They also simulate the formation of acid rainby dissolving gases in water, which yields acidic solutions. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/rtmss/3.5.html

PREVIOUS ENTRY Acid Rain SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS NEXT ENTRY Acid Rain Acid Rain. Module 2.7. Foundations and Challenges to Encourage Technology-based Science (FACETS) series. Developed by American Chemical Society (Washington, D.C.). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1996. Program Overview The Foundations and Challenges to Encourage Technology-based Science (FACETS) program consists of 3 series of 8 modules each for grades 6-8. Each module focuses on a topic in the life, earth, or physical sciences. The time needed to complete FACETS modules varies from 2 to 4 weeks. Each module consists of a student book and a teacher's guide. Student Edition Recommended grade level: In the module Acid Rain, students gain an appreciation for the complexity of the issues surrounding acid rainwhere it comes from, how it can be studied, what effects it has on the environment, and what is being done about it. Students begin the module by conducting library research to find out as much as possible about acid rain; then they share their information among groups. They work with the pH scale to see how it can be used as a tool for measuring acidity, and they investigate the long-term effects of acid rain on building materials such as steel and limestone. They also simulate the formation of acid rain by dissolving gases in water, which yields acidic solutions. Students then plan and begin to implement a long-term study on acid rain in their area. In the final activity, they present the findings from their study in the form of a poster, a video, or a newsletter that would be helpful and clear to the general public.

77. Resources For Middle School Science--3.4-- Acid Rain. PREVIOUS ENTRY There Is No Away, Environmental Science Opening Page SUPPLEMENTARYMATERIALS, NEXT ENTRY acid rain. 3.4 acid rain. acid rain,. http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/rtmss/3.4.html

PREVIOUS ENTRY There Is No Away SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS NEXT ENTRY Acid Rain Acid Rain. Colin Hocking, Jacqueline Barber, and Jan Coonrod. Reprinted with revisions. Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS) series. Berkeley, Calif.: Lawrence Hall of Science, 1994. Program Overview The Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS) series includes more than 50 teacher's guides and handbooks for preschool through grade 10. About 35 of these are appropriate for middle school. The series also includes several assembly presenter's guides and exhibit guides. New guides and handbooks continue to be developed, and current titles are revised frequently. The series is designed to teach key science and mathematics concepts through activity-based learning. The time needed to complete GEMS units varies from about 2 to 10 class sessions. Teacher's Guide Recommended grade level: Acid Rain focuses on an important environmental issue, fostering scientific inquiry and critical-thinking skills through varied activity formats. Students develop a working knowledge of the pH scale by measuring the pH of everyday solutions, they make "fake lakes" and determine how the pH changes after an acid-rain storm, and they investigate the effect of buffering to reduce the acidity of lakes. In other activities, students conduct a plant-growth experiment to determine the effect of various dilutions of acid on seed germination, present a play focusing on the effects of acid rain on aquatic life, play a "startling statements" game, and hold a town meeting to discuss possible solutions to the problem of acid rain. The unit provides students with much information on acid rain, encourages them to analyze complex environmental issues, and illustrates interrelationships of science, technology, and society.

78. Feature Article: Environmental Externalities In Electric Power Markets: Acid Rai This feature article is entitled Feature Article Environmental Externalities inElectric Power Markets acid rain, Urban Ozone, and Climate Change. acid rain. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/pubs_html/rea/feature1.html

Home Renewables Environmental Externalities in Electric Power Markets: Acid Rain, Urban Ozone, and Climate Change Feature Article Environmental Externalities in Electric Power Markets: Acid Rain, Urban Ozone, and Climate Change by John Carlin Abstract The central theme of the 1991 National Energy Strategy, developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), was to secure "a more efficient, less vulnerable, and environmentally sustainable energy future." Also, the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) required DOE to develop a least-cost national energy strategy that considers the economic, energy, environmental, and social costs of various energy technologies. Many observers argue that this requires incorporating all environmental costs of energy production, including the generation of electric power, in the costs of energy. When these costs are not captured by the marketplace, government involvement at the Federal, State, or local level may be proposed to "internalize" them in electric power prices. This article discusses the emissions resulting from the generation of electricity by utilities and their role in contributing to the environmental problems of acid rain, urban ozone, and climate change. It then discusses the general concept of environmental externalities and assesses the means that have been devised to ameliorate them. The article analyzes the emissions-control requirements for electric utilities of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA)

79. Monitoring Acid Rain Youth Program MONITORING acid rain YOUTH PROGRAM http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~weather/maryp/

MONITORING ACID RAIN YOUTH PROGRAM MARYP Page at Trent MARYP Page at Scarborough E-mail inquiries to: Jim Karagatzides at Trent University William Gough at the University of Toronto

80. ICONnect: FAQs - Acid Rain Q What is acid rain? What causes it and how can it be prevented?A Hi! Thank you for your question about acid rain. There is http://www.ala.org/ICONN/KCFAQ/acidrain.html

Frequently Asked Question: Acid Rain Q: What is acid rain? What causes it and how can it be prevented? A : Hi! Thank you for your question about acid rain. There is a lot of good information on the Internet on this topic. I found some Web sites by going to Yahoo! ( www.yahoo.com ) and typing "acid rain" as my search term. It brought me to a list of sites on acid rain at: http://www.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Environment_and_Nature/Pollution/Acid_Rain/ I found some other sites by going to Alta Vista altavista.digital.com and typing: "what is acid rain" Here are some good sites to start with: Student Resources - EPA Acid Rain Program http://www.epa.gov/docs/acidrain/student/student2.html This page is from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has very clear explanations of acidity, acid rain, effects of acid rain, and what can be done to stop it. It even has some experiments and activities for kids to do to learn more about acid rain. ACID RAIN - INTRODUCTION http://qlink.queensu.ca/~4lrm4/effect2.htm#acid_rain_definition This page has a definition of acid rain and answers to questions like "what causes acid rain?" and "what are the effects of acid rain?" It is written at a more advanced level than the EPA site, so you may need an adult to help you understand it. It also has information on the effects of acid rain on lakes and aquatic ecosystems, trees and soils, humans, etc. Acid Rain FAQ http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/aeb/ssd/acid/acidfaq.html

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