81. Project SWOOPE - Acid Rain Introduction Project SWOOPE Web Site. acid rain Study Introduction. Project SWOOPE AcidRain Monarch Watch. Final Map of acid rain in USA from Spring 1998 Study. http://www.wvu.edu/~ruralnet/pswoope/acid/

Project SWOOPE Web Site Acid Rain Study Introduction Project SWOOPE Acid Rain Monarch Watch Project SWOOPE is recruiting now for a month long study beginning XX. To enroll send an e-mail message to Kanawha@ aol.com with your name, school, city, state (country) and ZIP (If US). Final Map of Acid Rain in USA from Spring 1998 Study Final Map of Acid Rain in EASTERN USA from Spring 1998 Study Final Map of Acid Rain in West Virginia, USA, from Spring 1998 Study What is Project SWOOPE Acid Rain? Students Watching Over Our Planet Earth (SWOOPE) will once again offer a month-long fall acid rain/snow study (beginning Oct. 13). This is the seventh such study; schools from all 50 states and more than a dozen foreign countries have participated. The project requires virtually no class time (materials are available for those who wish to develop more involved studies). Schools may use any method of measuring pH. Participants report their findings at the end of each week and get weekly reports with data from around the world. They also receive a final report from all schools, including color-coded maps. There is no charge for participating. Project is open to all grades. To enroll and get further details on the project, e-mail

82. Newton's Apple: Teacher's Guides Peggy travels to the Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center to learn aboutacid rain. Teacher's Guides Index. acid rain. What causes acid rain? http://www.ktca.org/newtons/9/acdrain.html

Peggy travels to the Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center to learn about acid rain. Teacher's Guides Index ACID RAIN What causes acid rain? How does acid rain damage the environment? Is acid rain harmful to people? How does the acid get in the rain? Is there any way to stop the damage it causes? DISCUSSION Acid rain is considered by many people to be one of the most serious environmental problems of our time. It is a global problem that is gradually affecting our world. The term acid rain was coined by Angus Smith when he wrote about industrial pollution in England. Some rain is naturally acidic because of the carbon dioxide (CO2) in air that dissolves with rain water and forms a weak acid. This kind of acid in rain is actually beneficial because it helps dissolves minerals in the soil that both plants and animals need.

83. PA DEP BAQ - Acid Rain And Mercury In Rain - Home Page The purpose of this program is to determine how much acid rain isfalling in Pennsylvania for environmental assessment purposes. http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/airwaste/aq/acidrain/acidrain.htm

Site Navigation Business Cars/Trucks Monitoring ... Mercury Links Monitoring Pollutants in Rain The DEP, under cooperative agreement with the Penn State , has maintained the Pennsylvania Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring Network (PADMN) since 1981. The purpose of this program is to determine how much acid rain is falling in Pennsylvania for environmental assessment purposes. Parameters monitored include pH, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and specific conductance. Starting in 1997, measurements of the amount of mercury in rain were made as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program - Mercury Deposition Network ( NADP-MDN The DEP currently supports nine acid rain and six mercury monitoring sites in Pennsylvania. Acid Rain Information Acid rain has been in the headlines for a number of years. It's effects on forests and soils, streams and lakes, fish and other organisms, materials, and human health have been well documented. Title IV of the Clean Air Act has successfully reduced two of the major pollutants that cause acid rain that are emitted from large stationary sources. But more needs to done before the environment can recover. Atmospheric Deposition: Spatial and Temporal Variations in Pennsylvania - 2001 - Contains actual numbers on Pennsylvania's acidic rainfall including a section on the "Effectiveness of the

84. Water Pollution acid rain. acid rain. The biggest source of the 'acid rain' chemicalsthat pollute the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. http://www.zephryus.demon.co.uk/geography/resources/environ/acid.html

Acid Rain Acid rain All rain is slightly acidic, but the term Acid Rain is used to describe rain that has mixed with a range of industrial pollutants and become far more acidic that it could normally become. Air borne pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and assorted hydrocarbons react in the air with sunlight and water to form nitric acid, sulphuric acid and assorted other mineral acids and ammonium salts. The resultant acidic water can be carried thousands of miles by the wind before it falls to earth as rain, snow, fog or as dry particles which settle out due to gravity. The biggest source of the 'acid rain' chemicals that pollute the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were created from organic ( animal and plant ) material that died millions of years ago. The original material was full of carbon, and it's decay created sulphur, so the coal, oil and gas we burn today are rich in hydrocarbons and sulphur. We burn these fuels in power stations to make electricity, in factories and oil refineries to make plastics and similar products, and in our vehicles which produce huge amounts of nitrogen and carbon gasses.

85. USATODAY.com - Frequently Asked Questions: Air Pollution, Acid Rain Frequently asked questions Air pollution, acid rain. Q Why aren't air qualityreports included in your current weather reports? Q What is acid rain? http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/askjack/wfaqair.htm

Home News Money Sports ... Weather Inside the Basics Basics home Graphics, photos Storms, fronts Climate change ... Health effects Site Web Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox 11/26/2001 - Updated 04:55 PM ET Frequently asked questions: Air pollution, acid rain Q: Why aren't air quality reports included in your current weather reports? Are current air quality reports available anywhere else? A: Air quality is measured by state and local offices, unlike weather, which is observed and reported by the National Weather Service. Currently, no agency collects and reports air quality data for the entire U.S. or other parts of the world. But, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has links on its Web site to Web sites of states that post air quality data on the Web and not all cities or regions are included.. Click here to go to the U.S. EPA site. Q: Where can I find general information about air quality? A The U.S. EPA has an Air now Web site with links to general information about air quality, including general background information and health information. Q: I have health problems that are made worse by air pollution. How do I find a place to live that has clean air.

86. Does Acid Rain Hurt Your Car? Information concerning acid rain and its affect on automobiles, especiallythe paint. Does acid rain Hurt your Car? by John Berlau. acid rain http://www.consumeralert.org/issues/enviro/acidrain.htm

Does Acid Rain Hurt your Car? by John Berlau *Reprinted withe permission from Consumers Research Magazine "Acid rain ... can be just as damaging to a car finish as stones, bird droppings, and treesap," declares an article on car repair in Home Mechanix magazine."Chemicals in acid rain react with paint to form sulfuric and nitric acids, which causecratering and etching in clear-coat finishes. Acid-rain damage can easily chop $1,000 off yourcar's value at trade-in time." Similar claims are made in commercials for car wax, polish, and other paint-care products. Meguiar's even sells an Acid Rain Correction Cream. But according to a participant in the largeststudy ever conducted on the effects of acid rain, these claims lack scientific evidence. "The causal relationship between acid rain and paint damage is not substantiated, at leastnot by anything that I've seen," said Walter Warnick, a deputy director at the Department of Energy's Office of Energy Research. Warnick supervised research on acid rain's effects on paints for a 10-year study by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), a $500million task force of scientific experts from the DOE, the Department of Interior, and the Environmental Protection Agency. The NAPAP study, completed in 1990, found that acid rain caused little damage to lakes forests,and the environment in general and no damage to most paint finishes. The study examined acid rain's effects on paint on wood, which is more acid-sensitive than paint on metal objects, such as cars. In a comparison with painted wood exposed to non-acidic water, there were no higher rates of decay from acid rain except for the lowest-quality paint, and even there, Warnick said" the effect on exposed wood surfaces was extremely slow."

87. Acid Rain Answer What can you tell me about acid rain? acid rain is caused when certaingases generally created by the burning of sulfur and nitrate http://oscar.cprost.sfu.ca/~rhlogan/acidrain.html

What can you tell me about acid rain? Acid rain is caused when certain gases generally created by the burning of sulfur and nitrate impurities found in ores or coal burning. The chemical reactions are that the sulur impurity will chemically combine with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. These rather dense gases alone can cause breathing difficulties if allowed to accumulate in the atmosphere. Lung ailments such as emphasema can result as these gases settle in the lungs. There are processes available that would "scrub" coal and other ores before they undergo combustion. The extraction processes are somewhat expensive, and it is doubtful, given the economic contingencies of the energy industry, that adoption of such extraction processes will be done voluntarily by the coal industry without legal requirement. These gases remain in the atmosphere until they are "leached" out by coming into contact with rain that dissolves the gases forming Sulfurious and Sulfuric acid droplets. These droplets fall to the earth and collect in the water table beneath the surface or runoff into the brooks and streams finally collecting in lakes and eventually making their way to the oceans. The acid rain drastically alters the pH of lakes which can adversely affect the ecological balance in the marine life of these waterways. Many species of marine life can not thrive outside of a pH range. In addition, increasing the acidity of the waterways can cause ceratin marine life to thrive which eventually results in threatening other aquatic forms of life both plant and animal.

88. Acid Rain Acid from the clouds The pH skale; acid rain from prehistoric waste . Other typesof air pollution. Imported pollution Responsibilities; A world wide threatl. http://odin.dep.no/md/html/acid/AcidRainE.html

Choose from the index below to go to the differant sections. On each page you will find pointers to help you steer your way through each section. If the forward button is not highlighted (red) then you have come to the end of that section, just click on the ACID button to return to this index. Acid from the clouds The pH skale Acid rain from prehistoric "waste" Other types of air pollution Imported pollution Responsibilities A world wide threatl Rivers and lakes are dying Why do fish die in acid water Salmon stocks are disappearing Few species survive in acid water Declining forests on acid soils Declining Norwegian forests More and more European forests are declining Our history is being destroyed Instruments and measures The long road to agreements The new sulphur protocol The signing of the protocol

89. Rain Drain Soil Equilibria What Happens to acid rain? Module written by GC Lisensky,R. Hulet, M. Beug, and S. Anthony. Session 1 How is acid rain formed? http://chemistry.beloit.edu/Rain/

Soil Equilibria: What Happens to Acid Rain? Module written by G. C. Lisensky, R. Hulet, M. Beug, and S. Anthony Quicktime Movies and MathCad files by G. C. Lisensky Help with Quicktime Movies Session 1: How is acid rain formed? Exploration 1A: How is acid rain formed? Emissions and Deposition Exploration 1B: How do power plants and automobile emissions affect lakes and cities? Exploration 1C: What are the problems caused by acid rain? Making the Link: What happens to the oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed by combustion? External Links (National Environment Ministries and Agencies) Session 2: What is an acid? Exploration 2A: What household products behave like acid rain? Exploration 2B: How do we identify acids from a chemical formula? Exploration 2C: What is pH? Making the Link: What is an acid? Session 3: What is the pH of normal rain? Exploration 3A: How do systems respond to stress? Exploration 3B: What is the pH of normal rain? pH of rain in the United States http://h2o.usgs.gov/nwc/NWC/pH/html/ph.html

90. Ecology 100 Project, The Effect Of Acid Rain, New England And The Planet By Harry J. Kazianis. WHAT IS acid rain? Publications The following is a summationof some of the more important publications about acid rain and its affects. http://members.tripod.com/~Geology100/

Welcome Professor Boothroyd to.......................... ...A ticking time bomb..............An interative project to look at the overall problems on Acid Rain in New England, what is being done, and a world view of this problem thanks to the Internet!!!!! By Harry J. Kazianis WHAT IS ACID RAIN? Follow this link to discover information on the following which bare a great deal of signifigance to New England's ongoing problems with Acid Rain...................... HOW DOES ACID RAIN FORM? WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN? INVESTIGATIONS INTO ACID RAIN MAKING SURE THE DATA ARE ACCURATE THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUING ACID RAIN RESEARCH R esources C onferences ... esources Conferences Konsekvenser av kalking i skog og vatn 14 - 15. november 1995 "Consequences of liming of forest and water," discussion of liming as a technique to mitigate the effects of acid rain, being held in Høgskolen i Telemark, Norway. Site still live, two years later! This page is in Norse. Conference subjects include: Situation of the acidification and using of lime in Norway; Economics of liming; Strategies of liming; Alternatitives to lime in the forestry; Alternatives to lime in freshwater; Influence of liming on the species and genetic diversity; Effects of lime on terrestric vegetation; Effects of lime on algaes; Osteporisis ("Weak bones") in moose in southern Norway, a acidification / lime problem?; Lime in natural acid rivers. back to the top Publications: The following is a summation of some of the more important publications about Acid Rain and its affects. Many relate to New England, while others are of a world focus.

91. Acid Rain acid rain Campaign. TU has long been engaged in protecting mountainstreams and lakes in the Appalachian Mountains from acid rain. http://www.tu.org/campaigns/acid_rain.html

Act Now! Join or renew online Search for chapters Chat with other anglers Write to Congress Become a volunteer Get volunteer leader support Ask a question Make a donation Join the Coldwater Conservation Fund Learn about youth education Log into Leaders Only section Trout 101 Threats and Solutions National Conservation Agenda Hot Campaigns ... Coldwater Conservation Fund BY Acid Rain Campaign Acid rain first became a concern to anglers in the 1970s, when lakes in the Adirondacks began to lose many of their native aquatic organisms. Due to the public outrage over the effects of acid rain, Congress passed amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990 (known as the "1990 Amendments") that attempted to deal with the problem by capping the emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal burning power plants. The 1990 Amendments also provided for slight cuts in nitrogen oxides, the other pollutant that contributes to acid rain. Although public concern about acid rain has waned, the effects of acid rain continue. A growing body of science has concluded that the pollution cuts provided by the 1990 Amendments will not be enough to protect sensitive aquatic ecosystems in the East, including mountain streams in Virginia and lakes in the Adirondacks.

92. Acid Rain - Conservation Policies - Sierra Club acid rain. The Sierra Club supports a national goal to reduce current levels ofsulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide production by 50% in the next ten years. http://www.sierraclub.org/policy/conservation/acidrain.asp

Select an Issue Clean Water Energy Global Population Human Rights Protect National Forests Responsible Trade Stop Sprawl Stop Global Warming Wildlands Campaign More Issues Select a Place Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Sierra Club Policies Main Articles of Incorporation Bylaws and Standing Rules ... Search Conservation Policies Sierra Club Conservation Policies Acid Rain The Sierra Club supports a national goal to reduce current levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide production by 50% in the next ten years. Methods to Achieve That Goal: 1. Current Authority. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has authority under the existing Clean Air Act to implement a program to control acidic precipitation. The following steps should be implemented: a. Implement and enforce tough regulations to limit any credit for the height of tall stacks (CAA Sec. 123).

93. ScienceDaily News Release: Damage From Acid Rain Pollution Is Far Worse Than Pre over the EPA and Bush administration's plans to make it easy for power plants, oilrefineries and chemical factories (major sources of acid rain nationwide) to http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/07/020718075630.htm

Search Our Archives Keywords: Order by: date relevance More options Get ad-free access with email updates sign up or log in Text size: A A A Welcome Home page About this site Awards, reviews News Summaries Headlines Topics Shop Our stuff Browse books Magazines Software Contribute Register free Post release Edit profile Review hits Advertise Media kit Traffic stats Contact us Previous Story ... Related Stories Next Story Source: University Of Vermont Date: Damage From Acid Rain Pollution Is Far Worse Than Previously Believed Amid the recent hoopla over the EPA and Bush administration's plans to make it easy for power plants, oil refineries and chemical factories (major sources of acid rain nationwide) to expand without installing new pollution controls and the Senate's consideration of Clean Power Act, there's an important new wrinkle to the story. A new study revealed that acid rain's damage to America's forests may be much more widespread than previously believed. It may actually create conditions in trees similar to compromised immune systems in humans, establishing a vulnerably with grave potential implications. "As with immune-compromised humans, plants may appear and function as if they were healthy, until exposed to even a routine stress or disease, then experience declines far more exaggerated than expected," says Donald DeHayes, Dean and Professor in the School of Natural Resources at The University of Vermont. DeHayes co-authored a study in the most recent issue of the journal "Ecosystem Health" released in June at an international conference on Ecosystem and Human Health in Washington, DC, which was attended by about 1000 environmental scientists and policy makers.

94. Title IV (Acid Rain) Title IV (acid rain). The The acid rain Program focuses on one set ofsources that emit NO x , coalfired electric utility boilers. As http://www.dep.state.wv.us/item.cfm?ssid=8&ss1id=323

95. Spring Acid Rain Watch Home The culprit? acid rain. Where does it come from? Spring acid rain Watch a modelof scientific inquiry . This 2 page article encapsulates the project. http://www.qesnrecit.qc.ca/cc/acidrain/

Lakes are crystal clear but dead. Sugar maples are dying. Frog species are becoming extinct. The culprit? Acid Rain. Where does it come from? How is it formed? Are we humans responsible for this problem ? Join us in this project in which schools across the province/country/world try to find an experimental answer to this problem-question by collecting precipation samples, by testing for acid rain deposition and by exchanging results for analysis. A Learn-by-Doing Project on the QESN , in which teachers can count on the help of the co-ordinator to learn the skills they need while implementing the project with their class. " Spring Acid Rain Watch: a model of scientific inquiry ". This 2 page article encapsulates the project. This project is available in French on the Web Site Prof-Inet Alerte aux pluies acides Spring Acid Rain Watch Project Co-ordinators: Bob Colvil knowlton@citenet.net

96. Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation, Inc. acid rain Overview. acid rain or acidic deposition is the most widelyacknowledged form of atmospheric deposition. This is the process http://www.chesbay.org/acidRain/

Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation, Inc. Wednesday, April 2, 2003 Home Studies Current Investigation Investigation Update Striped Bass Lesions Compiled Data ... Press Releases Our Efforts Requests for Action Learning Striped Bass Forage Fish Atlantic menhaden Bay anchovy ... Acid Rain Resources Links "Green Pages" chesbay.org Our Mission Contact Us About this Site Acid Rain Overview Acid rain or acidic deposition is the most widely acknowledged form of atmospheric deposition. This is the process whereby precipitation (rain, snow, fog etc.), airborne particles, and gases move from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth. These particles and gases reach the surface in both wet and dry deposition and yield from a variety of air pollution sources which can adversely affect the environment and public health. Most of us are only familiar with "acid rain" but the deposition of toxic compounds and excessive nutrients are also important. Let's take a graphical look at the process before we go further. Source: EPA 1994 The chemical compounds that we are most interested in are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), trace elements, and organic compounds. These compounds are released into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic (man-made) and natural sources. Anthropogenic includes fossil-fuel power plants, vehicles, and factories. Natural sources include fires and volatilization from forests and marshes.

97. Acid Rain Works Fast, Study Finds - 3/12/1999 - ENN News - Environmental News Ne acid rain dissolves forest nutrients much faster than previously believed, posinga threat to future forest productivity, according to a study conducted by http://www.enn.com/enn-news-archive/1999/03/031299/acidrn_2113.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Acid rain works fast, study finds Friday, March 12, 1999 Acid rain forms when emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide primarily from electric utility plants and automobile emissions react with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to produce acidic compounds. Acid rain dissolves forest nutrients much faster than previously believed, posing a threat to future forest productivity, according to a study conducted by researchers from three universities in the southeastern United States. The study shows that acid rain accelerated the nutrient-robbing acidification of forest soils by 38 percent at the Calhoun Experimental Forest in South Carolina, where soil data was collected over the past 30 years. "We found a dramatic increase in acidity and a steady depletion of nutrients over this 30-year period," said Daniel Markewitz, a soil scientist in the University of Georgia's Warnell School of Forest Resources. Acid rain forms when emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide primarily from electric utility plants and automobile emissions react with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to produce acidic compounds. These compounds float to the ground, either in a dry form as gas particles or as precipitation, and strip the soil of nutrients and minerals as they percolates downward, gradually limiting forest productivity.

98. USGS Activities To Explore Acid Rain And Building Stones ACTIVITIES TO EXPLORE acid rain AND BUILDING STONES By Elaine S. McGee.Open File Report 95566. What makes rain acid? What is dissolution? http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eastern/acidrain.html

ACTIVITIES TO EXPLORE ACID RAIN AND BUILDING STONES By Elaine S. McGee Open File Report 95-566 This 38-page report provides 12 activities for students to explore the effects of acid rain on building stones. Some activities included are What is an acid? What is neutralization? What makes rain acid? What is dissolution? How does dissolution affect rocks? Does this material react with acid? Why do parts of some building surfaces look black? The report includes sources for materials needed to do the activities and also suggestions of ways you can use your community to explore acid rain and its effect on buildings. Request a copy of this free report by letter from US Geological Survey 907 National Center Reston, VA 20192 Please include your complete mailing address so we can process your request promptly. Return to General Interest Publications, Reference List, and Publications for Educators Maintained by Eastern Publications Group Web Team Last updated 07.03.01 (krw)

99. Monitoring Acid Rain Youth Program Monitoring acid rain Youth Program. Program About Maryp; acid rain; EMAN(Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network). Manual Introduction; http://www.trentu.ca/biology/maryp/

Monitoring Acid Rain Youth Program Program About Maryp Acid Rain EMAN (Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network) Manual Introduction Rainfall Birds Amphibians ... Species Status Reports 1995 Booklet 1995 Report 1996 Booklet 1996 Report This page is maintained by Jim Karagatzides . Last updated on Sept 17, 1997

100. Global Issues Primer: Acid Rain acid rain. acid rain has been damaging lakes, streams, forests, human health, animalpopulations, and soils for over fifty years. WHY is acid rain a threat? http://www.osearth.com/resources/recall/acidrain.shtml

Global Issues Primer Acid Rain ACID RAIN is the end product of man-made pollutants released into the atmosphere that undergo chemical transformations to become acids. They return to the earth as rain, snow, fog, gases, or dry particles. Acid rain has been damaging lakes, streams, forests, human health, animal populations, and soils for over fifty years. WHY is acid rain a threat? Because acid rain will cause more cases of respiratory disease, skin irritation and eye irritation. People from the Kanto Plains of Japan have experienced severe eye and skin irritation since 1970. Because acid rain damages plant and animal life in lakes and streams. Lakes become "dead," unable to support life. In Maine, 2% of trout habitats and 6% of minnow habitats are no longer able to support animal life.(1990 assess) More than 1/2 of lakes currently being studied in Canada have lost 40-50% of species such as mollusks and insects.(silver) Florida has the highest percentage of acidic surface waters23% of lakes and 39% of streams. Because acid rain damages plant and animal life in lakes and streams. Lakes die, rendering them unable to support life. In Maine, 2% of trout habitats and 6% of minnow habitats are no longer able to support animal life. More than 1/2 of lakes currently being studied in Canada have lost 40-50% of species such as mollusks and insects. Florida has the highest percentage of acidic surface waters - 23% of lakes and 39% of streams.

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