21. Snakes Alive It's An Adder Not A Mole (4 December, 1996) - snakes alive it's an adder not a mole (4 December, 1996) WildNet Africa- News File. snakes alive it's an adder not a mole. (4 December, 1996). http://wildnetafrica.co.za/bushcraft/dailynews/archive/archive_19961204_moleadde

22. Haven For Gaboon Adder A Mixed Blessing . Mtuzini Reserve In Haven for Gaboon adder a Mixed Blessing . Environmental education centreaimed specifically at the rare snakes. WildNet Africa - News File. http://wildnetafrica.co.za/bushcraft/dailynews/1998archive_3/archive_19980721_ga

23. Bitis Arietans (African Puff-Adder): Narrative Economic Importance for Humans. ^ Positive. Like all poisonous snakes, thePuffadder's venom could prove to be useful in the medical profession. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/bitis/b._arietans$narrative.html

The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Animal Diversity Web About us ... Glossary Bitis arietans African Puff-Adder Written by Chad Mummert, Biology 108 student (1995) Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Family: Viperidae Genus Bitis Species: Bitis arietans Table of Contents Geographic Range Physical Characteristics Natural History Food Habits ... References Geographic Range Oriental, Ethiopian : Found over majority of Africa the Middle East, except in extreme desert and rainforest areas. Physical Characteristics One of the largest vipers; girth reaches 9 inches (and even more, since they inflate their bodies prior to striking) and length 1-2m. Natural History Food Habits The Puff Adder subsists mainly on toads, although any small rodent that can be caught is also eaten. Reproduction Mating rituals between two Puff Adders are relatively short and simple. The snakes copulate, and after a short gestation period, give birth to twenty to forty live young (but sometimes up to eighty). These snakes are ovoviviparous, and the young, although born live, are in thin egg-cases. Birth is a bloody process, and some folk tales claim that the young actually eat their way out of the mother. Behavior Almost totally solitude animal. Does not take a lifelong mate nor exist in groups. Lives in a single den and hunts near its home. The Puff adder does not slither from side to side like most snakes, but instead travels in a 'caterpillar-like' motion.

24. Kent Wildlife Trust Which British snakes are poisonous? Of the three British snakes, onlythe adder is venomous. An adder will not bite unless provoked. http://www.kentwildlife.org.uk/wildlife/ispages/is_snakes.htm

Kent Wildlife Trust Securing a better future for the native wildlife of Kent. Kent Wildlife Trust, Tyland Barn, Sandling, Maidstone, Kent, ME14 3BD You are currently viewing: Wildlife Information: Frequently Asked Questions about Snakes Visitor Information Home News About KWT Contact What's On? Events Study Days G arden for Wildlife ... Volunteer Our Work Reserves Projects Education Wildlife Info ... Links FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT SNAKES Britain has three native species of snake - the grass snake, adder and the very rare smooth snake. Smooth snakes are only found on small numbers of heathland sites in Surrey, Dorset and Hampshire. Here we look at the adder and grass snake, both found in Kent. Where do snakes live? Grass snakes often live near water, where they swim and feed. They also live in damp woodlands and meadows. For overwintering they like high, dry banks covered with brambles and rabbit burrows, and also garden rockeries. Kent is a stronghold for the grass snake.

25. Pets4u.co.za - Snakes Of Southern Africa Lost and Found. snakes of South Africa Number of snakes in this database (42).– Aurora House snake. – Berg adder. – Black Mamba. – Black Spitting Cobra. http://www.pets4u.co.za/subs/animals/snakes_of_sa/main.asp

Welcome to pets4u! Here you can place ads, join our pets directory learn about exotic pets or catch up on some pet news. Enjoy your stay and feel free to contact us with any comments or ideas. Home Online Games Downloads Contact ... Suggestions Subscribe: Jokes Updates Pets List O Aurora House snake Lamprophis aurora O Berg adder Bitis atropos O Black Mamba Dendroaspis polylepis O Black spitting Cobra Naja nigricollis woodi O Boomslang Dispholidus typus O Brown house snake Lamprophis fuliginosus O Cape Centipede Eater Aparallactus capensis O Cape Cobra Naja nivea O Common brown water snake Lycodonomorphus rufulus O Common Egg Eater Dasypeltis scabra O Common Night Adder Causas Rhombeaus O Common slug-eater Duberria lutrix O Coral snake Aspidelaps lubricus O Eastern Tiger snake Telescopus semiannualatus O Forest Cobra Naja Melanoleuca O Gaboon Adder Bitis gabonica O Green Mamba Dendroaspis angusticeps O Herald snake Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia O Horned adder Bitis caudalis O Many horned adder Bitis cornuta O Mole Snake Pseudaspis cana O Mozambique Spitting Cobra (M'Fezi) Naja mossambica O Natal Black Snake Macrelaps microlepidotus O Olive Grass snake Psammophis mossambicus O Olive House snake Lamprophis inornatus O Puff adder Bitis arietans O Rinkhals Hemachatus haemachatus O Rufous Beaked snake O Schinz beacked blind snake Rhinotyphlops O Shield Nose snake O Short Snouted Grass snake O Snouted Cobra (Egyptian cobra) O Southern African Python Python natalensis O Southern or Bibrons Burrowing Asp O Spotted bush snake Philothamnus semivariegatus O Spotted harlequin snake Homoroselpas lacteus

26. Pets4u.co.za - Snakes Of Southern Africa snakes of South Africa Gaboon adder (Bitis gabonica). Length Average 1.0 1.8m.Activity Nocturnal. Diet Large rodents, Ground birds and Toads. Danger Rating http://www.pets4u.co.za/subs/animals/snakes_of_sa/snakes.asp?name=Gaboon Adder

27. Snakes Harmful & Harmless - Death Adders A genus of dangerously venomous snakes all species have thick body and grub SouthernDeath adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) from Karragullen, Western Australia. http://www.iinet.net.au/~bush/acanth.html

Death Adders (Genus Acanthophis A genus of dangerously venomous snakes - all species have thick body and grub-like lure on end of tail. Active at night and very difficult to see when resting during the day. Two of four currently recognised Western Australian species illustrated below Southern Death Adder ( Acanthophis antarcticus ) from Karragullen, Western Australia Pilbara Death Adder ( Acanthophis wellsi ) from Woodstock, Western Australia Melanistic morph of the Pilbara Death Adder ( Acanthophis wellsi ) from Pannawonica, Western Australia Back to Key Back to Pic Index

28. Snakes our countryside. It is not difficult to learn to distinguish theone poisonous adder from the other two snakes and the slowworm. http://www.runnymede.gov.uk/environt/pests/snakes/snakes.htm

Environmental Services Department Information Sheet Snakes There are four snake-like reptiles found in the British countryside; three of these are true snakes, namely the adder (the viper), the grass-snake (or ringed snake) and the smooth snake; the fourth is the slow-worm which is in fact a legless lizard. Sometimes the tail of a common lizard, seen briefly as it disappears into the herbage, is mistaken for a snake. The three species of snake are fairly easily distinguished from one another and from the slow-worm. Only the adder has a poisonous bite; the other three are harmless. Adders are found in most parts of England, Scotland and Wales, the grass snake is limited to England and Wales, and the smooth snake to the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, Dorset and parts of Wiltshire; there are a few old records of the smooth snake in Devon. Adders prefer rough uncultivated ground, moorland, hillsides and sunny hedge-banks; they are generally common along the cliff tops and the steep-sided combes along the coast of Devon. The grass-snake is more at home in lusher and damper situations, while the smooth snake likes sandy heaths with a pond or stream nearby. The slow-worm is generally distributed throughout this island except for one or two Scottish counties; it prefers dry rather than wet places and is particularly common in S.W. England.

29. Teaching Treasures Snakes Project And Online Activity With Links You can find the adder and the Viper snakes all over Europe and across Asia. Theyare poisonous. The adder is not poisonous. snakes breathe with their lungs. http://teachingtreasures.com.au/Animania/Snakes.htm

Snakes are reptiles that lay eggs, breathe with lungs and have skins covered with scales. S n a k e s Reptiles are cold-blooded and their temperature depends on their surroundings. Snakes are found all over the world except in the Antarctic. You can find the Adder and the Viper snakes all over Europe and across Asia. They are poisonous. Did you know that some animals like hedgehogs, foxes and stoats prey on snakes like the adder and enjoy eating them. What a tasty meal! Australia has a number of poisonous snakes too. Check out the links below to find out more about Aussie snakes. Some people mistake the Slow-Worm or Blindworm for a snake but it really is a harmless legless lizard. The Asian or Indian Cobra lives in southern Asia and is one of the poisonous cobras. It grows to about 11/2m long. New-born adders are eaten by many different animals such as toads, crows and other birds. The boa is not poisonous but squeezes its victim to death before swallowing it whole. It lives in the rivers systems near the banks of rivers. The Anaconda is a boa-constrictor and is found in South America. It is one of the longest snakes in the world and can grow as long as 9m. It likes the water and is a very good swimmer

30. Names Of Venemous Snakes Pseudechis porphyriacus Pseudonaja textilis Tropidechis carinatus, Common deathadder Eastern death adder Desert death adder Copperhead Spotted Sea snakes, http://www-surgery.ucsd.edu/ent/DAVIDSON/Snake/2NAMES.htm

VENOMOUS SNAKES: Alphabetical listing by scientific names (Adapted from: Snake Venom Poisoning , pages 15-20, by Dr. Findlay E. Russell. New York: Scholium International, Inc., 1983) Vipers Adders (see also Asps and Vipers) Atractaspis bibronii Atractaspis congica Bitis arietans Bitis atropos Bitis caudalis Bitis cornuta Bitis gabonica Bitis inornata Bitis peringuey Causus depfilppi Causus lichtensteinii Causus rhombeatus Vipera berus Vipera kaznakovi Vipera lebetina Vipera superciliaris Vipera ursinii Bribron's burrowing adder Congo burrowing adder Puff adder Berg adder Horned puff adder Horned adder Gaboon adder Cape puff adder Peringuey's adder Snouted night adder Lichtenstein night adder Common night adder European or cross adder Caucasus adder Desert adder African lowland adder Meadow adder Asps (see also Adders and Vipers) Cerastes vipera Vipera aspis Cleopatra's asp European asp Vipers (see also Adders and Asps) Atheris species Atractaspis species Bitis gabonica Bitis naricornis Bothrops nasutus Bothrops nummifer Bothrops schlegelii Cerastes cerastes Cerastes vipera Echis carinatus Echis coloratus Pseudocerastes persicus Vipera ammodytes Vipera aspis Vipera berus Vipera latasti Vipera lebetina Vipera russelli Vipera ursinii Vipera xanthina Vipera xanthina palaestinae Vipera xanthina xanthina African bush vipers Mole vipers Gaboon viper Rhinoceros viper Hognose viper Jumping viper Eyelash viper Horned viper Sahara sand viper Saw-scaled viper Saw-scaled/Arabian viper Palestine/Persian horned viper Long-nosed viper Asp viper European viper Lataste's/snub-nosed viper

31. Pseudechis (Australian Black Snakes) - Clinical Pathology And Pharmacology Of Ve Pseudechis (Latin = falseadder) Black snakes. Pseudechis butleri, Speckled mulga/Butler's snakes, Butler's false-adder, after WH Butler, Australian naturalist. http://www.kingsnake.com/toxinology/snakes/Pseudechis/Pseudechis.html

Pseudechis (Latin = false-adder) Black snakes Pseudechis australis (Mulga) The venom of Pseudechis australis (Mulga) differs markedly from that of other Australian elapids in that the primary toxins are not neurotoxic but rather myotoxic, producing severe muscle damage and necrosis, which are evidenced by an increase in serum creatine kinase as well as histological observations, and that the venom is strongly anticoagulative but without fibrinolysis. The pathology disruption of neuromuscular function produced by PLA2s in the venom, characterised by pronounced morphological damage to muscle fibres, motor nerve terminals and cytoplasmic organelles. P. colletti (Collet's snake) bites produce myoglobinuria and has a relatively high direct haemolytic activity, with hemolysis due to phospholipase B hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. Like P. australis , the myolytic effects can be diagnosed not only through histopathological studies but also by testing for a sharp increase in serum creatine kinase, an increase which is more commonly seen in species of Crotalus (Rattlesnakes) but has been recorded in a death from Notechis scutatus envenomation. The primary structures of the two phospholipase As responsible for myoglobinuria has been shown to have strong homology with that of a similarly acting enzyme from the beaked sea snake

32. Most Venomous Snakes Acanthophis pyrrhus, Desert death adder. There is no evidence to suggest that anyof these snakes (with the possible exceptions of Hoplocephalus bitorquartus and http://www.kingsnake.com/toxinology/snakes/venomlist.html

Most venomous snakes in the world The most comprehensive work is considered to be that by A.J. Broad, S.K. Sutherland, and A. R. Couleter (Toxicon, 1979). However, this work is far from complete. Crotalus adamenteus is the only viper included and Naja naja the only non-Australian elapids. This is ignoring the various species of cobra besidse N. naja nor does it include any of the various coral snake species or Bungarus (Kraits), Daboia (Russels vipers), Dendroaspis (Mamba), Echis (carpet and saw-scaled vipers) or any of the sea snakes besides E. shistosa in addition to two extremely toxic species of Crotalus: durrissus (Neotropical rattlesnake) and scutulatus (Mojave green rattlesnake). Many species of Australian elapids are also not in the list There are two ways to look at the situation. One, to consider LD50 as well as venom yeild or, to look at just murine LD s (these are usually what people are asking about regarding most venomous... drop for drop LD50s of 25 venomous snake species (if you are a mouse) Scientific name Common name Murine LD50 mg/kg (sub-cutaneous, 0.1% bovine

33. Survival - APPENDIX E - POISONOUS SNAKES AND LIZARDS - TOC Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Poisonous snakes of Europe.Common adder (Vipera berus) Longnosed adder (Vipera ammodytes). http://www.aircav.com/survival/appe/asappetoc.html

APPENDIX E Table of Contents POISONOUS SNAKES AND LIZARDS Way to Avoid Snakebite Snake Groups Description of Poisonous Snakes Viperidae ... Lizards Poisonous Snakes of the Americas American copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix Bushmaster ( Lachesis mutus ... Crotalus atrox Poisonous Snakes of Europe Common adder ( Vipera berus Long-nosed adder ( Vipera ammodytes ... Vipera ursinii Poisonous Snakes of Africa and Asia Boomslang ( Dispholidus typus Bush viper ( Atheris squamiger ... Trimeresurus wagleri Poisonous Snakes of Australasia Australian copperhead ( Denisonia superba Death adder ( Acanthophis antarcticus ... Notechis scutatus Poisonous Sea Snakes Banded sea snake ( Laticauda colubrina Yellow-bellied sea snake ( Pelamis platurus Poisonous Lizards Gila monster ( Heloderma suspectum Mexican beaded lizard ( Heloderma horridum Need more information on snakes then visit VenomousReptiles.org - a very informative site. Updated: 01 February 2002 Born on 22 January 2000

34. Survival - APPENDIX E - POISONOUS SNAKES AND LIZARDS - Page 09 Its color is variable. Some adult specimens are completely......APPENDIX E. POISONOUS snakes OF EUROPE. Common adder Vipera berus. http://www.aircav.com/survival/appe/asappe09.html

APPENDIX E POISONOUS SNAKES OF EUROPE Common adder Vipera berus Description: Its color is variable. Some adult specimens are completely black while others have a dark zigzag pattern running along the back. Characteristics: The common adder is a small true viper that has a short temper and often strikes without hesitation. Its venom is hemotoxic, destroying blood cells and causing tissue damage. Most injuries occur to campers, hikers, and field workers. Habitat: Common adders are found in a variety of habitats, from grassy fields to rocky slopes, and on farms and cultivated lands. Length: Average 45 centimeters, maximum 60 centimeters. Distribution: Very common throughout most of Europe. Long-nosed adder Vipera ammodytes Description: Coloration is gray, brown, or reddish with a dark brown or black zigzag pattern running the length of its back. A dark stripe is usually found behind each eye. Characteristics: A small snake commonly found in much of its range. The term "long-nosed" comes from the projection of tiny scales located on the tip of its nose. This viper is responsible for many bites. Deaths have been recorded. Its venom is hemotoxic, causing severe pain and massive tissue damage. The rate of survival is good with medical aid. Habitat: Open fields, cultivated lands, farms, and rocky slopes.

35. The Adaptable Adder Books often tell about the amazing variety of snakes throughout the world and normally andadaptable snake specie would have to go to the adder or Northern http://coloherp.org/cb-news/Vol-28/cbn-0105/Adder.html

The Cold Blooded News The Newsletter of the Colorado Herpetological Society Volume 28, Number 5; May, 2001 The Adaptable Adder by Ed Ferrer Reprinted from The Monitor , the Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society, Vol.12, No.3, March 2001. Books often tell about the amazing variety of snakes throughout the world and normally count between 2.400 to over 3,000 species. Indeed the snake is a highly successful life form. But which snake is the most widespread and adaptable of all these different varieties? My vote for the most widespread and adaptable snake specie would have to go to the adder or Northern viper, Vipera berus . It has the largest geographical range of any terrestrial species. It can be found in Britain and Scandinavia, through much of central Europe, across northern Asia as far as the Pacific Ocean. It also occurs on the island of Sakhalin, north of Japan. In the southern part of its range it is restricted by mountain ranges but otherwise it has an almost continuous distribution. It can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including moors and heaths, meadows, woodlands and marshes. There are only three recognized subspecies for this remarkable serpent. Vipera berus bosniensis , is found in parts of the Balkan region and Vipera berus sachalinensis is found on the Sakhalin Island and on the mainland of extreme eastern Asia. Throughout the rest of its range, the nominate form

36. Venomous Snakes Of The Rest Of South Africa cytotoxic. Snouted Night adder, Causus defilippii, KZN, MPL, Mildly cytotoxic.Many South. Back to the Venomous snakes of the Peninsula. Copyright http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/net12980/venomrst.html

Of the Rest of South Africa (Which can be Fatal to Humans) Common Name Scientific Name Where Found Type of Venom Immediate first Aid Cape Cobra Naja Nivea ALL western South Africa Neurotoxic Venom Pressure bandage, immobilise limb, transport to hospital immediately, support breathing Coral Snake Aspidelaps lubricus NC, WC, N of EC Neurotoxic Venom(?) Pressure bandage, immobilise limb, transport to hospital Black Spitting Cobra Naja nigricollis woodi NC, N or WC Cytotoxic Venom Pressure bandage, immobilise limb, transport to hospital. Treat eyes as for Rinkhals. Mozambique Spitting Cobra Naja mossambica NWP, NP, MPL, N of KZN Mildly Cytotoxic Venom - some Neurotoxic effects Pressure bandage, immobilise limb, transport to hospital Treat eyes as for Rinkhals. Forest Cobra Naja melanoleuca N of KZN Neurotoxic Venom Pressure bandage, immobilise limb, transport rapidly to hospital Snouted Cobra Naja annulifera NWP, NP, GTG, MPL, N of KZN Neurotoxic Venom Pressure bandage, immobilise limb, transport rapidly to hospital Black Mamba Dendroaspis polylepis NWP, NP, MPL, N of KZN

37. LD50 For Various Snakes. LD50 Scores for various snakes. Acalyptophis peroni, sea snake species,0.079, Acanthophis antarcticus, Common death adder, 0.5, 0.25, 70.0236.0. http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/net12980/ld50tot.html

All data in the table that follows must be viewed with grave suspicion. The Mouse LD50 is a figure that is indicative of a dosage that will kill 50% of the mice envenomated within 24 hours. These are standard 20 g mice. Thus a simple calculation involving yield and LD50 SHOULD be indicative of how many mice such a snake is capable of killing and by very crude approximation the weight of a human it would kill. Example: Dendroaspis polylepis (Black Mamba) has a LD50 (subcutaneous) of 0.32 mg/kg and a yield of 50.0 - 120.0 mg of venom. This means that it takes 0.32mg of venom to kill 500 grammes, of mice (remember it only kills half of those it is administered to). We use a standard 20g mouse, thus there are 50 mice to a kilogramme or 25 mice to 500 grammes. 1 mg of venom is enough to kill 78.125 mice. That is 1 divided by 0.32 and the result multiplied by 25. The snake yields up to 120 mg of venom so we multiply our result by 120 and arrive at a figure of 9375 mice. Or, by extrapolation, 187.5 kg of human(s). We do know from reliable records that this snake has killed 11 adult humans in a single attack. Thus the mouse LD50 obviously does not tell the whole story! It is however a baseline comparison that has some merits. Mice are not humans. The testing has been done in various places where standards differ from laboratory to laboratory. Some data comes from snakes that were not - or cannot - be reconciled with an actual species.

38. Berg Adder Venom The venom differs from that of most adder in that it is mildly neurotoxic,with Nestlings of groundliving birds and smaller snakes are also taken. http://www.sun.ac.za/forlang/snakes/bergadder.html

Berg adder List of species Berg adder Rinkhals Boom slang Spotted Skaapsteker ... Blind snakes Name: Bitis atropos Length: Average 30cm Maximum 60cm Active: Diurnal Dwelling: Ground Look out for A triangular head. Lacks chevron markings along the body. Hisses loudly. Strikes readily if disturbed It likes to bask in the sun. Preferred habitat Montane grassland, fynbos and rocky slopes . Habits A particularly bad-tempered snake that hisses loudly and will strike readily if approached. A Berg adder sunning itself on a rock. Danger to man Berg adders are common and strike readily when encountered. Venom The venom differs from that of most adder in that it is mildly neurotoxic, with specific action on the optic and facial nerves, causing drooping eyelids, dizziness and temporary loss of smell and taste. Food and feeding It feeds mainly on lizards and small rodents but also amphibians, including rain frogs.

39. Grass Snakes The biggest surprise would be if it were an adder. Grass snakes may alsofeign dead, with the head at an angle and the mouth wide open. http://www.brantacan.co.uk/grass_snakes.htm

eee Grass Snake Facts Translations Deutsch Español Français Italiano ... Portuguese Distribution Hibernation Mating Eggs Hatching Length Maximum life Body markings Neck markings Eye pupil Scales Eurasia from Britain to Western China October to March - in England April to May - in England Females only in alternate years at most Four to ten Late August to early Sept - in England Up to about 140 cm About 25 years Mainly on sides - vertical bars Yellow on each side Round Longitudinally ridged Large JPEG May Back to Home Page Back to Snakes Search Engines Adders Common Lizards ... Snakes in Legend, Myth and Religion If your question is not answered in these pages, please write to reptiles@brantacan.co.uk How to report a reptile that you find Fifty years ago the grass snake, Natrix natrix, was very common in Great Britain; it could be seen in quite large numbers at a good site. Now it is quite rare, because of loss of habitat and food. In October 2001, over 140 grass snakes, many being juveniles, were found in warm places in the Dilke Hospital, Gloucester. The name natrix refers to the grass snake's ability to swim, which it performs well, with a sinuous motion. Grass snake often live near water, and frogs figure strongly in their diet. Click

40. Adder Links adder Links. Books snakes and Lizards. snakes of the World. snakes a NaturalHistory. Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians. of Britain and Europe. Tom Langton. http://www.brantacan.co.uk/adder_links.htm

Adder Links Back to Home Page Back to Adders Natural history web-site http://www.iversonsoftware.com/business/reptile/adder.html Adders in Cheshire ... http://home.t-online.de/home/HP.Eckstein/eschlang.htm Books Snakes and Lizards Snakes of the World Snakes - a Natural History Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe Tom Langton Chris Matisson Roland Bauchot Paul Morrison Whittet Books Blandford Sterling Macmillan Back to Adders Back to Home Page AAA Matilda http://www.aaa.com.au/dir2/Animals_and_Ecology/Reptiles/

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 101    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20