21. Botany Online: Interactions - Plants - Fungi - Evolution - Parasitic And Symbiot fungi – cell walls out of cellulose, their zoospores have two heterokont flagellae,and their thallus resembles that of some siphonal algae (Vaucheria, for http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e33/33.htm

Interactions between Plants and Fungi: the Evolution of their Parasitic and Symbiotic Relations Lichens Mycorrhizas Interactions between Plants and Parasitic Fungi Molecular and Genetic Studies of Interactions between Plants and Fungi; The Effects of Toxins, Phytoalexins ... Literature What are Fungi? Fungi are no plants. They can, just like plants (Plantae) and animals (Animalia), be classified as an original kingdom, that has, like the other two, developed from eucaryotic, single-celled protists (kingdom: Protista). Plants and most fungi share no common homologous structures besides those already conserved at the level of protists. These are: the existence of nuclei, the condensation of DNA with the help of histones, and the presence of actin and tubuline (and thus also of amoeboid movements of cells and of flagellar movements). These kingdoms do nevertheless share analogies ( convergences, parallel developments ) that are often and wrongly cited as proofs for the relationship of plants and fungi. Three similarities are especially often referred to: Both plant and fungal cells are enclosed by a cell wall while animal cells have no such characteristic. This is true, and cell walls exist in prokaryotes (bacteria, blue-green algae), too. The walls of all three mentioned kingdoms have, nevertheless, different molecular compositions (they contain different molecular classes), their biosynthetic pathways and the way of their cellular growths are different. They are therefore not homologous.

22. The Algae Home Page / Dept. Botany, National Museum Of Natural History, Smithson algae An Introduction (Classification, Economic uses, Images). The Herbarium(Research Collection). Department of botany, National Museum of Natural History http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science/biology/plants/algae/Alg-Menu.html

ALGAE An Introduction (Classification, Economic uses, Images) The Herbarium (Research Collection) Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Research Notes (Abstracts from recent publications) Collection / Preservation Techniques for Algae Biology/Life Science Chemistry Earth/Space Science ... Home

23. Algae , An Introduction - Dept. Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution algae are found in the fossil record dating back to approximately3 billion years in the Precambrian. _Return to algae Home Page. http://www.hrw.com/science/si-science/biology/plants/algae/AlgIntro.html

National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Algae are photosynthetic organisms that occur in most habitats, ranging from marine and freshwater to desert sands and from hot boiling springs to snow and ice. They vary from small, single-celled forms to complex multicellular forms, such as the giant kelps of the eastern Pacific that grow to more than 60 meters in length and form dense marine forests. Algae are found in the fossil record dating back to approximately 3 billion years in the Precambrian. They exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, from simple, asexual cell division to complex forms of sexual reproduction. Algae are important as primary producers of organic matter at the base of the food chain. They also provide oxygen for other aquatic life. Algae may contribute to mass mortality of other organisms, in cases of algal blooms, but they also contribute to economic well- being in the form of food, medicine and other products. In tropical regions, coralline algae can be as important as corals in the formation of reefs. Seaweeds are larger algae that live in the marine (salt or brackish water) environment. Kelps are large brown seaweeds in the genera

24. Ontario Science And Technology - The Digital Field Trip Series Explain the role of microorganisms in recycling organic matter, OrganismGreen algae, botany Screens algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Identify http://www.digitalfrog.com/resources/ont_sci_fld_7.html

Ontario Science and Technology G R A D E 7 Reference Expectations The Wetlands The Rainforest The Desert By the end of this course, students will: Life Systems: Interactions with Ecosystems Demonstrate an understanding of the interactions of plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms in an ecosystem Organism screens, Migration, Food Chains, Food Web, Web Game Organism screens, Niches Dependency Web section,, Dependency Web Game, Investigate the interactions in an ecosystem and identify factors that affect the balance among the components of an ecosystem (e.g., forest fires, parasites) Web Game, Wetland Mechanisms, Nutrient Cycles, Productivity Web Game, Rainforest Types, Succession, Tree Fall Gaps, Mechanisms of a Rainforest: Water Cycles, Productivity Build-a-Desert, Climatic Influences screens, Wind screens, Water screens, Weathering, Water Availability Demonstrate an understanding of the effects of human activities, technological innovations and naturally occurring changes on the sustainability of ecosystems Conservation, Pollution

25. Courses - Botany Department, UW-Madison botany 240); Introductory Ecology (botany 260); algae (botany 330);Fungi (botany 332); Plant Systematics (botany 400); Vascular Flora http://www.botany.wisc.edu/courses/

UW-Madison Department of Botany > Courses Courses with Web Pages Survey of Botany (Botany 100) General Botany (Botany 130) Plants and Man (Botany 240) Introductory Ecology (Botany 260) ... UW Home File last updated: March 24, 2003 Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: grbarry@wisc.edu

26. Botany 330 UW Madison botany 330 algae Webpage. botany 330 Syllabus 2002; botany 330 CourseInformationBooks and Grading; botany 330 General Laboratory Procedures; http://www.botany.wisc.edu/courses/botany_330/

UW Madison Botany 330 Algae Webpage Botany 330 Syllabus 2002 Botany 330 Course InformationBooks and Grading Botany 330 General Laboratory Procedures Summary of Written Laboratory Exercise Reports ... Staff information (pdf file) contact Linda Graham at lkgraham@facstaff.wisc.edu

27. Studies In Cryptogamic Botany, Volume II :Red Algae : Structure, Ultrastructure Studies in Cryptogamic botany, Volume II Red algae Structure, Ultrastructureand Reproduction/MR Vijayaraghavan and Bela Bhatia. http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no12051.htm

Studies in Cryptogamic Botany, Volume II :Red Algae : Structure, Ultrastructure and Reproduction/M.R. Vijayaraghavan and Bela Bhatia. New Delhi, APH, 1997, xxii, 306 p., 122 figs., ISBN 81-7024-833-7. Contents: Preface. Introduction. 1. Bangiophycideae. 2. Florideophycideae. 3. Nemaliales. 4. Cryptonemiales. 5. Gigartinales. 6. Rhodymeniales. 7. Palmariales. 8. Ceramiales. Selected references. Index. [M.R. Vijayaraghavan is Professor of Botany at the University of Delhi.] Return to Plant Sciences Catalogue

28. Biology Indexes and Gateways Bibliographies Library Resources Aquatic botanyMarine algae botany Cyanobacteria Zoology Mycology Genetics http://www.library.ucsb.edu/subj/bio1.html

Information Resources for Biology Botany, Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, Zoology [Indexes and Gateways] [Bibliographies] [Library Resources] [Aquatic Botany] ... [Careers] Indexes and Gateways to Biology and Aquatic Science Sources on the Internet Biology: Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology UCSB Library InfoSurf MCDB Page UCSB Biological Sciences Marine Biology Web An educational resource for marine biology students, with reference lists organized by subject NOAA Special Projects Office OceanPortal OceanPortal is a high-level directory of Ocean Data and Information related web sites. Pacific Regional Aquaculture Information Service for Education (PRAISE) Zoology Internet Resource Guide (Zoological Record) UCSB Sciences-Engineering Gateway Links to electronic journals, science-related databases, and other resources of interest in science for UCSB. Top of Page Bibliographies Cumulative Bibliography on the History of Oceanography Gulf of California Bibliography of Marine Sciences Baja California Islands Flora and Vertebrate Fauna Bibliography Hawaiian Terrestrial Arthropod Bibliography ... Top of Page Library Resources Biology Reference Guide Guide to databases, dictionaries, encyclopedias, handbooks, manuals, history for biology, available at UCSB

29. NHBS Science Bookstore: Plants & Botany: Fungi & Algae other leading biodiversity publishers. Titles AC classified under Plants botany Fungi algae An independent British company, we http://www.nhbs.co.uk/we-sell-books-worldwide/z55ac.html

January 2003 Winter Offers Seasonal Selection A sparkling collection of alluring books, videos and DVDs, mostly new this winter and specially chosen to appeal to natural history enthusiasts of all ages. Priced to tempt, with savings of up to 25% off. World Guides 100 key titles ranging from field guides, ID guides, photoguides to eco-travel, at up to 25% off! South East Asian Natural History 130 titles at up to 25% off Breaking Offers The latest NHBS special offer titles, ranging widely across all our subject areas. Many of these titles are new. Offers run for a limited period only, so don't delay taking advantage of them! Plus Highlights NHBS Alert is our free monthly email catalogue, with information on c.400 new titles Subscribe for the full version or choose from 19 subjects Distribution Highlights Current key titles include: Grebes of the World Seahorses ID: CDROM Britain's Butterflies Monitoring Tigers and their Prey ... Ocean Explorer Maps Publishers distributed by NHBS - click here to browse title catalogues for BirdLife International, JNCC, OFI, Prion, Wetlands

30. NHBS Science Bookstore: Plants & Botany: Fungi & Algae other leading biodiversity publishers. Titles GL classified under Plants botany Fungi algae An independent British company, we http://www.nhbs.co.uk/we-sell-books-worldwide/z55gl.html

January 2003 Winter Offers Seasonal Selection A sparkling collection of alluring books, videos and DVDs, mostly new this winter and specially chosen to appeal to natural history enthusiasts of all ages. Priced to tempt, with savings of up to 25% off. World Guides 100 key titles ranging from field guides, ID guides, photoguides to eco-travel, at up to 25% off! South East Asian Natural History 130 titles at up to 25% off Breaking Offers The latest NHBS special offer titles, ranging widely across all our subject areas. Many of these titles are new. Offers run for a limited period only, so don't delay taking advantage of them! Plus Highlights NHBS Alert is our free monthly email catalogue, with information on c.400 new titles Subscribe for the full version or choose from 19 subjects Distribution Highlights Current key titles include: Grebes of the World Seahorses ID: CDROM Britain's Butterflies Monitoring Tigers and their Prey ... Ocean Explorer Maps Publishers distributed by NHBS - click here to browse title catalogues for BirdLife International, JNCC, OFI, Prion, Wetlands

31. Botany Online: Cell Wall - Cell Walls Of Algae IASmail, International Art Science Showcase Botanik Online, home, botany Search Engine. Cell Walls of algae. algae are the plants http://www.i-a-s.de/IAS/botanik/e26/26d.htm

home Cell Walls of Algae Algae are the plants with the simplest organization. Many of them are single-celled, some have no cell wall, others do though its composition and structure differ strongly from that of higher plants. They are good specimen for tracing back the evolution of the cell wall. Primitive cell walls do not fulfil the same requirements as that of higher plants. It seems quite likely that a structure like that of the cell wall has developed several times in the course of evolution. All archaebacteria, eubacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria or blue-green algae) have complex walls with an energetically rather costly biosynthesis. Neither in composition nor in biosynthesis do they have any common ground with the cell walls of plants. Although the evolution of plants from early eucaryotic cells is not known in detail, is it commonly agreed on that primitive algae are flagellates closely related to the non-green flagellates. Many, though not all species of this stage of evolution, among which the euglenophyta are typical green representatives, have no cell wall. It is not only a simple membrane, but by a pellicle of already quite complex organization, that separates them from the surrounding. It consists mainly of glycoproteins organized in regular patterns the way two-dimensional crystals are. Helical ribs wind round the cell's surface.

32. Botany Online: Algae - Charales - Chara IASmail, International Art Science Showcase Botanik Online, home, botany Search Engine. CHARALES Chara. Picture to the left Chara spec. http://www.i-a-s.de/IAS/botanik/e44/chara.htm

home CHARALES: Chara Picture to the left: Chara spec. Electron microscopic image through the apical meristem of a female plant. Voluminous internodal cells (I) are surrounded by small bark cells (R cortical cells). Lateral branches (S) originate always at nodes (K). At the three nodes of a lateral branch (at the left ) develop oogonial complexes (J. D. PICKETT-HEAPS, 1975) Picture at the right: Electron microscopic image through four developing antherids at the node of a lateral branch. Antherid development is a strictly deterministic process. From the left to the right are subsequent stages of division and development shown. The youngest stage is the left one, the oldest is at the right. (J. D. PICKETT-HEAPS, 1975) Picture to the left: Light microscopic takings (microtome cuttings): apical meristeme. The two derivatives below the apical cell differentiate to a multi-cellular internodium (photo by: W. KASPRIK Picture at the right: Male gametangium. It is surrounded by sterile cells (photo by: W. KASPRIK). b-online@botanik.uni-hamburg.de

33. Botany Lab Help - Ex. 10 Oedogonium chloroplast. ULVA, Ulva, Ulva habit. Lab Exercise 10. BIO2500 Principles of botany - Kean University, Union, NJ. algae. I selected http://www.kean.edu/~biology/botlab10.html

Botany Lab Help BIO 2500 Principles of Botany - Kean University, Union, NJ LAB 10 ALGAE About this site Links Quiz Assignment Reminder: Bring the two samples of algae that you collected to lab today! Where to collect algae? GENERAL Notes on Algae Phytoplankton Microscopic Algae Seaweeds ... Algal Microscopy BGSU Economic Uses of Algae Algae World Wide Web Site Algae - some images CYANOPHYTA Cyanobacteria Image Gallery Cyanobacteria Images Gleocapsa Nostoc Nostoc Anabaena ... Oscillatoria EUGLENOPHYTA Euglena gracilis Euglena Euglena images DIATOMS Diatoms Algal Microscopy Diatoms Images and descriptions Bacillariophyceae Diatoms , Sponges and Radiolarians Diatom Centric Diatoms Grouped Diatoms Girdle and Valve Views, Synhedra RHODOPHYTA Red algae Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Images Porphyra Chondrus crispus Polysiphonia Polysiphonia tetraspores PHAEOPHYTA Phaeophyta Diagnostic Characters of the Brown Algae Brown algae - images Brown Algae Laminaria and Fucus Laminaria Fucus Brown algae Fucus Fucus CHLOROPHYTA Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Images Chlorophyta images Literature Division Chlorophyta - phylogeny SPIROGYRA Spirogyra Spirogyra Cell (chloroplast and pyrenoids) Spirogyra Pyrenoids Spirogyra conjugation Spirogyra Conjugation - darkfield Spirogyra Conjugation - darkfield Spirogyra vegetative + zygotes Spirogyra - animation of vegetative cell Spirogyra Conjugation Spirogyra diagram + photomicrograph Spirogyra Spirogyra vegetative Spirogyra - diagram and photo of life cycle Spirogyra images ULOTHRIX Ulothrix Vegetative Ulothrix Ulothrix Ulothrix Ulothrix Ulothrix life cycle Ulothrix sp. sporangia

34. McGraw-Hill Higher Education | Integrative Biology You are here MHHE Home Integrative Biology Home botany Home algae/Phycology. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/botany/catalogs/pae-788.mhtml?newcat=yes

35. EDU2 : Level 3 EDU2 BIOLOGY botany. ABCentral . Search . Helpers . Submit a Link BIOLOGY TITLE; algae; APPLIED botany; AQUATIC botany; botany; botany REGIONAL; EBOOKS; http://www.my-edu2.com/EDU/biolo2.htm

EDU2 :BIOLOGY - BOTANY ABCentral Search Helpers Submit a Link ... TREE BIOLOGY *ALGAE* "Red Tides" and Harmful Algal Blooms Algae and seaweed - some simple Second-Level notes Algae: The Forgotten Treasure of Tidepools Algoa Bay Dinoflagellates ... index.html:information pertaining to algae *APPLIED BOTANY* AGRICULT. CROPS : TITLE BIOL. PLANTS2PEOPLE : TITLE GARDEN : TITLE *AQUATIC BOTANY* AquaBontanic Aquatic Plants Cryptocoryne Hopkins Marine Station Botany Cover Page ... www.seabean.com *BOTANY* ASU DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY Asexual Reproduction Biology, Pearson College:in plants BOT 410 - Lecture Directory Page 1 BOTNET Index beginning:unc herbaria ... plant tissue culture INFORMATION EXCHANGE *BOTANY REGIONAL* Australian Botany pages Botanical Projects:in au Botanikus.de Botany Pages:neotropical ... What's Its Name?:au botany *EBOOKS* Allgemeine Botanik Botany online - The Internet Hypertextbook Den virtuella floran LECCIONES HIPERTEXTUALES DE BOTÁNICA. ÍNDICE. DOCUMENTO FRAMES ... Skript zur Botanik:fabulous *FLOWER/SYSTEMATICS* FLOWER/SYSTEMATICS : TITLE *FUNGUS* FUNGUS : TITLE *INTRO BOTANY* All About Plants BOT 201 Botany 1050 Home Page:intro Botany Home Page:intro ... Great Plant Escape:elem. botany

36. Culture Collections The Culture Collection of algae at the Department of botany, Universityof Coimbra (ACOI) was built in 1972 for institutional research purposes...... http://seaweed.ucg.ie/cultures/CultureCollections.html

Culture Collections This is a list taken, amongst other things from postings on ALGAE-L , of culture collections that include algae. Please send any additions or alterations to me by clicking here or to mike.guiry@seaweed.ie . Cultures from CCAP and UTEX are listed with species on AlgaeBase : search for a species and a list of strains in each collection will be produced. ACOI ATCC Chlamydomonas Genetics Center Culture Collection of Algae (UTEX) ... University of Toronto Culture Collection of Algae and Cyanobacteria (UTCC) ACOI ACOI 'Algoteca de Coimbra' University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal Department of Botany, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal e-mail: mfsantos@ci.uc.pt e-mail: liliamas@ci.uc.pt WWW: www.uc.pt/botanica/ACOI.htm A first list of strains was published by Santos & Mesquita (1986) and included 167 taxa (strains and species), mostly isolated from central Portugal. A detailed history of the "Algoteca" can be found in this work. Two supplements were posteriorly added by Santos (1988) and Santos et al. (1993), with 88 and 194 new taxa, respectively. In the present list, a few taxa listed before that died in the meanwhile are therefore not included and some others have their scientific names changed, in accordance with recent literature. The ACOI culture collection provides experimental organisms for research and didactic purposes within the Department and other national and international institutions. The cultures are unialgal, mostly not axenic. They will be available by sale or by exchange, whenever required. The price is 1,000 and 2,000 Portuguese escudos for national academic and commercial institutions, respectively. The correspondent prices for international institutions is $18 and $25. Funds received from the sale of cultures are used for maintenance requirements and improvement of the collection. Diligences are being made to enlarge the actual area of the Algoteca, in order to develop also a section for seaweed cultivation.

37. BIOME OMNI VETGATE BIORESEARCH NATURAL SELECTION AGRIFOR Link To Ireland, Galway. International Seaweed Association; Marine algae; botany/Societies,etc.; Western Australian seagrass Web page. Web http://nature.ac.uk/browse/579.177.html

Top Marine biology Marine botany Marine botany ... Algae : the forgotten treasure of tidepools A lively and informative Web site featuring images and descriptions of marine algae found at tidepools in California. Species of red, brown and green seaweed are included, with brief descriptions of morphology and habitat. These pages have been compiled by F. Perez, C. Kjeldsen and J. Hughey in the Department of Biology at Sonoma State University in California. Marine algae; Baltic sea portal The portal provides access to "information on algal situation, Baltic Sea information and state of the Baltic Sea". Since 1990, scientists from the Finnish Institute of Marine Research have been monitoring the variability in phytoplankton biomass and recording data on species composition, surface temperature, oxygen levels, salinity and nutrient concentration in the Baltic Sea. Users can search or browse the results by region or measurement parameter. The project home page additionally gives access to associated reports and articles, an image gallery and a glossary. All information is in English. Mirror sites are available in Finnish, Swedish and Estonian. Algal blooms/Monitoring; Phytoplankton; Marine phytoplankton; Cyanobacterial blooms; Algae;

38. Cryptogamic Botany Company: Rhodophyta, The Red Algae, Original Art Rhodophyta Gallery. page 1 of 3. Copyright 20022003, Cryptogamic botany Company. http://www.cryptogamicbotany.com/oa_rhodophyta_thumbs.html

Rhodophyta Gallery page 1 of 3

39. Cryptogamic Botany Company: Phaeophyta, The Brown Algae, Original Art Phaeophyta Gallery. page 1 of 2. Copyright 20022003, Cryptogamic botany Company. http://www.cryptogamicbotany.com/oa_phaeophyta_thumbs.html

Phaeophyta Gallery page 1 of 2

40. Botany Lab Help - Ex. 10 ULVA, Ulva, Ulva Google images. Ulva - index - U. Wisc. Lab Exercise10. BIO 2500 Principles of botany - Kean University, Union, NJ. algae. http://eve.kean.edu/~breid/Botany/botlab10.html

Botany Lab Help BIO 2500 Principles of Botany - Kean University, Union, NJ LAB 10 ALGAE updated Aug. 22, 2002 About this site Links Algae quiz Assignment Reminder: Bring the two samples of algae that you collected to lab today! Where to collect algae? GENERAL Algae Algae - morphological diversity algae - lab Phytoplankton key Seaweeds Directory of Algal Images Phycological Images ... Algal Microscopy BGSU Economic Uses of Algae Algae World Wide Web Site Notes on Algae Algae - common fresh water types Algae - some images Phycology - images algae - Google images Useful algal links algae - images CYANOPHYTA Cyanobacteria U. Wisc. Cyanobacteria Image Gallery Cyanobacteria Images Cyanophyta Gleocapsa Gleocapsa - Google images Nostoc Nostoc Nostoc images Nostoc - Google images Anabaena Anabaena - Google images Oscillatoria Oscillatoria EUGLENOPHYTA Euglena gracilis Euglena Euglena images + movie Euglena - Google images DIATOMS Diatom images Diatoms - composite grouped Diatoms Images database Bacillariophyceae Pennate and Centric Diatoms Diatom Centric -e.m. Diatom Centric Diatoms Google images diatomaceous earth Centric - diatomaceous earth Diatomaceous earth - Google images Diatom collection Diatoms - morphology RHODOPHYTA Red algae Rhodophyta Rhodophyta Images Rhodophyta images Porphyra Chondrus crispus Chondrus crispus Polysiphonia ... Polysiphonia tetraspores Polysiphonia -images and description Rhodophyta - Google Polysiphonia - Google images PHAEOPHYTA Phaeophyta Diagnostic Characters of the Brown Algae Brown algae - images

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