81. Listings Of The World Science Earth Sciences Paleontology of microscopic remains of ancient life Geological Survey program to study hexactinellidreefs. 432) Science/Earth_Sciences/paleontology/Invertebrates/Arthropods http://listingsworld.com/Science/Earth_Sciences/Paleontology/Micropaleontology/

82. Paleontology And Geology Glossary: De If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are meaning link crocodile ) was a ancientarmored aetosaur (it Coral reefs, brachiopods, and crinoids were abundant. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/indexde.shtml

Please help keep Enchanted Learning online. Click here for more information on our honor system. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal ZoomDinosaurs.com Dinosaur and Paleontology Dictionary A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail me and I'll add it. De Da De Di Do Dr Ds-Dy DEATH STAR THEORY The Death Star Theory refers to the fact that mass extinctions are periodic, and may be caused by the Earth's passing through a cloud of comets (the Oort cloud ) every 26 million years. Some people have hypothesized that there is a yet-to-be-discovered dark star or perhaps a planet (called, appropriately enough, Nemesis) orbiting in the outer reaches of our solar system. This body disrupts the Oort cloud (once every 26 million years), sending comets into the inner parts of the solar system, some of which hit Earth and cause mass extinctions. DEINOCHEIRUS (pronounced DINE-oh-KIE-rus) Deinocheirus ( meaning "terrible hand") was a large, long-legged, bipedal, meat-eating, big-eyed, bird-like dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period, about 70 million years ago. This Coelurosaurid Ornithomimosaur (ostrich-mimic)

83. Fossil Record Of The Cyanobacteria right is a layered stromatolite, produced by the activity of ancient cyanobacteria werewidespread on earth, and were ecologically important as the first reefs. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanofr.html

Cyanobacteria : Fossil Record The cyanobacteria have an extensive fossil record. The oldest known fossils, in fact, are cyanobacteria from Archaean rocks of western Australia, dated 3.5 billion years old. This may be somewhat surprising, since the oldest rocks are only a little older: 3.8 billion years old! Cyanobacteria are among the easiest microfossils to recognize. Morphologies in the group have remained much the same for billions of years, and they may leave chemical fossils behind as well, in the form of breakdown products from pigments . Small fossilized cyanobacteria have been extracted from Precambrian rock, and studied through the use of SEM and TEM (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). Ancient Fossil Bacteria : Pictured above are two kinds cyanobacteria from the Bitter Springs chert of central Australia, a site dating to the Late Proterozoic, about 850 million years old. On the left is a colonial chroococcalean form, and on the right is the filamentous Palaeolyngbya Many Proterozoic oil deposits are attributed to the activity of cyanobacteria, such as

84. Introduction To The Brachiopoda Introduction to the Brachiopods, commonly known as lampshells.Category Science Biology Flora and Fauna Animalia Brachiopoda...... abundant. They diversified into a number of different morphologiesand even participated in the buildup of ancient reefs. At the http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/brachiopoda/brachiopoda.html

Introduction to the Brachiopoda Of lamp shells and lophophores. . . Brachiopods are marine animals that, upon first glance, look like clams. They are actually quite different from clams in their anatomy, and they are not closely related to the molluscs. They are lophophorates , and so are related to the Bryozoa and Phoronida. Although they seem rare in today's seas, they are actually fairly common. However, they often make their homes in very cold water, either in polar regions or at great depths in the ocean, and thus are not often encountered. There are about 300 living species of brachiopods. Depsite their relative obscurity today, brachiopods have a long and rich paleontological history. During the Paleozoic era, they were extremely abundant. They diversified into a number of different morphologies and even participated in the build-up of ancient reefs. At the end of the Paleozoic, some 250 million years ago, they were decimated in the worst mass extinction of all time, the Permo-Triassic event. Their numbers have never been as great since that time. Click on the buttons below to learn more about Brachiopoda.

85. Ancient Forests Museum of paleontology UC Berkley Introduction to progymnosperms Sea kayak the Belizereefs and rainforest rivers Belize, explore caves and ancient Mayan ruins http://forestry.about.com/cs/ancientforests/

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Forestry Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Forestry with Steve Nix Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS 100 Top Trees of North America Forestry 101 How to ID a Tree ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Ancient Forests Guide picks Some of the most important finds in paleobotany and prehistoric forests and trees... Devonian A look at the first forests... Lecture Outline A college course outline on the origin of seed plants from UC Davis... Earliest Modern Tree ...from the perspective of Virginia Tech scientists. Earliest Modern Tree ...a biblical perspective from Bible Creation Society. Hans' Paleobotany Page A good site on paleobotany... Museum of Paleontology - UC Berkley Introduction to progymnosperms... Natur und Museum A history of the Palaeozoic forests... The Evolution of Plants A Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute short course... The First Forest Trees in the Middle Devonian...

86. John Maunder's Newfoundland And Labrador Natural Sciences Website - Links To Ear General Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador paleontology; Fossils; Fossilsin Structures Built by Organisms Stromatolites, thrombolites, and patch reefs. http://home.thezone.net/~jmaunder/earth.htm

John Maunder's Newfoundland and Labrador Natural Sciences Website Links to Earth Science Website Goal: To compile an extensive reference resource for students of the natural history of Canada's easternmost province. Always under construction! Please check back periodically. All links last checked February 21, 2003. Page last updated February 21, 2003. Navigate Website: Homepage Links to Astronomy and Space Science Links to Biology and Ecology: Animals Links to Biology and Ecology: Plants, Lichens, Fungi, Protists, Bacteria and Viruses ... Links for Young People Navigate this Page - "Links to Earth Science": Atmospheric and Near-Earth Physical Features and Phenomena Auroras Lightning Magnetosphere ... Snow, Ice and Frost Atmospheric and Near-Earth Physical Features and Phenomena Auroras General Aurora [The]: Information and Images Very impressive site from the University of Alaska. Includes an Aurora Forcast page that custom-generates daily aurora maps centered on any general locality in the Northern Hemisphere. Check out the daily maps centered on Newfoundland and Labrador Aurora Borealis - Northern Lights Aurora Borealis - The Northern Lights An excellent Norwegian site - very relevant to Newfoundland and Labrador.

87. Cornell College: Department Of Geology paleontology Principles of paleontology, paleoecology, and taxonomy marine environments(coralreefs, tidal flats beaches, dunes) and ancient analogs preserved in http://www.cornellcollege.edu/geology/geocurric.shtml

Back Home Faculty Students Curriculum ... Environmental Studies Geology Department Curriculum In our world of expanding population and finite resources, the need to understand and appreciate the complex interrelationships among the Earth's living and non-living systems has never been greater. Rational judgments regarding land and other resource use demand such understanding. We believe that every liberally-educated student should have at least an elementary understanding of geological systems and processes, and how these affect human activity. To this end, the Geology Department offers a variety of entry-level courses (Physical Geology, Historical Geology , Volcanoes, Marine Science Earth Science , and Investigations in Geology). At least one of the above courses is taught in nearly all nine terms of the college year and all satisfy the College science requirement. The majority have a strong laboratory component, and some involve field work. We believe strongly in the "hands-on" approach to teaching and learning science. Most of these courses emphasize how human land use affects geological processes and vice-versa, and they underscore the importance of proper land management. The Hendriks Research Fund annully supports several undergraduate field research projects. Degree Requirements:

88. Marine Geology/Paleontology Marine Geology/paleontology. My research program is conducted in modern and ancientenvironments and to effort to assess the health of the world's coral reefs. http://people.cornellcollege.edu/bgreenstein/personal/Res.htm

Marine Geology/ Paleontology My research program is conducted in modern and ancient environments and to date has been concerned with the sedimentologic and biologic influences on the preservation potential (taphonomy) of marine invertebrates. I have applied the results of my research to currently salient issues including coral reef management and the response of coral communities to climate change, as well as more "traditional" paleontologic issues including paleoecologic reconstructions, evolutionary histories and patterns of diversity of echinoid echinoderms. I. History of reef perturbations Atlantic-Gulf Reef Assessment (AGRA) Together with colleagues from Smith College I have been part of an ongoing effort to assess the health of the world's coral reefs. Our next trip is scheduled for June, 2000, when we will be re-surveying reefs surrounding San Salvador Island, Bahamas. During May, 1999, we were in Belize to determine the state of the reefs in the northern and southern Belize Barrier Reef tract. The southern reefs, in particular, were reeling from the impact of last years' intense El Nino event (elevated sea surface temperatures produced widespread coral bleaching) and physical damage from Hurricane Mitch. During June, 1998, we began our initiative by working on the variety of reef types that surround. San Salvador Island, Bahamas. The AGRA protocol has been adopted by marine scientists all over the world so that consistent baseline data can be collected and compared. The project is coordinated through the

89. ESS News November 2000 Pollution Causing Death Of Coral reefs, UniSci News, 11 propose new view of ancientcontinental collisions, Winning paleontology Award Without Collecting A Fossil, http://www.usra.edu/esse/essonline/newsnov2000.html

Return to ESS Online News Page ESSE News November 2000 Above-Average 2000 Atlantic Hurricane Season Continues Recent Upturn in Activity; U.S. Spared Extensive Hurricane Damage NOAA Insects Caught in a Nutrient-Poor Food Web SciNews New ways to predict quakes? Nature Ancient South African Soils Point To Early Terrestrial Life Science Daily North Sea wreck in methane mystery BBC Ocean Warming, Pollution Causing Death Of Coral Reefs UniSci News Finding a market for 'ecosystem services' EurekAlert UNPRECEDENTED FIRE SEASON IN SOUTHERN AFRICA AIDS AIR QUALITY, CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH NASA GSFC Climate Talks End in Failure BBC Active Sun Sending Storms Towards Earth NOAA Climate treaty "almost irrelevant" BBC Earthquake History Key To Interpreting Fault Observations Science Daily Global Warming: Lessons Taught By Snails And Crabs Science Daily Animals regulate their numbers by own population density EurekAlert Midwest Geologists Offer New Look At Ancient Continental Collisions Science Daily EO-1/SAC-C SPACECRAFT SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHED NASA GSFC Patterns of Global Climate Change Over Recent Centuries Reported By NOAA and University Scientists NOAA Ancient Earthquakes Leave Tracks From Kentucky To New York Science Daily Pacific Seafloor Mapping Project USGS Massive Lava Flows Triggered Apocalyptic Climate Changes SciNews Viewpoint: The Sun and Climate Change BBC Backward Hurricane Provides Clues to Ancient Storms SciNews Deep Plume Volcanoes Caused Atmospheric Oxygenation UniSci News Researchers Suggest Answer to Geological Puzzle SciNews

90. Paleontology Contents paleontology History of paleontology. paleontology Careers for Paleontologists. Reefsand ReefBuilding Organisms. Reproductive Strategies Plants. Seas, ancient. http://www.fitzroydearborn.com/Contents/PaleoCnt.htm

Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers Home Latest News Publications Awards ... Contact us Encyclopedia of Paleontology Alphabetical List of Entries Aardvarks Abel, Othenio Acanthodians Actinopterygians Adaptation Aerial Locomotion Africa: North Africa and the Middle East Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa Agassiz, Jean Louis Rudolphe Algae Allometry Ameghino, Carlos Ameghino, Florentino Amniotes Andrews, Roy Chapman Angiosperms Ankylosaurs Annelids Anning, Mary Antarctica Anthozoans Aquatic Invertebrates, Adaptive Strategies of Aquatic Locomotion Aquatic Reptiles Arambourg, Camille Louis Joseph Archosauromorphs Arthropods: Overview Arthropods. Miscellaneous Arthropods Artiodactyls Atmospheric Environment Australia: Invertebrate Paleontology Australia: Paleobotany Australia: Vertebrate Paleontology Bats Biomass and Productivity Estimates Biomechanics Bird, Roland Thaxter Birds Bivalves Boule, Marcellin Brachiopods Brain and Cranial Nerves Breuil, Henri Édouard Prosper Brongniart, Alexandre Broom, Robert Brown, Barnum Bryophytes Bryozoans Buckland, William Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de

91. Virtual Silurian Reef -- Table Of Contents Take a tour of this ancient reef to learn basic concepts about biodiversity, sea organisms and environmental relations. http://www.mpm.edu/reef/intro.html

A distance-learning project of the MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM funded by grants from the WISCONSIN ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOUNDATION and the OF BRILLION, WISCONSIN INTRODUCTION D uring the Silurian Period in earth history, 425 million years ago, when much of North America was covered by a shallow, tropical sea, reefs flourished in the area now occupied by Wisconsin and Illinois. This site uses these reefs as a vehicle for students to learn general principles, local details, and environmental significance of the study of the ancient past. The Silurian reef diorama at the Milwaukee Public Museum, which serves as the focus for the pages that follow. Take a swim around the reef! CONTENTS Basic concepts Distribution of Silurian reefs Reef organisms Biodiversity ... Send comments to: reef@mpm1.mpm.edu Milwaukee Public Museum, Inc.

92. Raw Human Waste Killing Off Coral Reefs? Raw Human Waste Killing Off Coral reefs? White pox has nearly wiped out hornlikeelkhorn coral in some reefs in the Caribbean and elsewhere. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0627_020627_coral.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story The Environment E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Raw Human Waste Killing Off Coral Reefs? Ben Harder for National Geographic News June 27, 2002 In many parts of the world where sewage treatment is lacking, raw human waste spills into the open sea. Now, research suggests that certain microbes in the human gut are responsible for two coral diseases that have devastated large patches of reef. Billions of bacteria live in the intestines of each person. Many of these microbes, including Serratia marcescens, don't typically cause illness in people. Others, such as Arcobacter, can cause diarrhea in children when too abundant. But these two intestinal bugs and many others are much less benign when they meet coral, according to scientists who have linked the bacteria with white pox and black band disease, which have decimated two types of coral in recent years. A healthy blade of elkhorn coral (right) grows next to a blade infected with white pox near Key West, Florida. Photograph courtesy of the University of Georgia RELATED LESSON PLANS Use this National Geographic News article in your classroom with these Xpeditions lesson plans: Aquarium Habitats The Pros and Cons of Artificial Reefs More News Diary of the Planet The Environment Travel National Geographic Today Special Series Digital Lifestyles: feature by Sony EarthPulse National Geographic Out There ... Mount Everest Expedition White pox has nearly wiped out hornlike elkhorn coral in some reefs in the Caribbean and elsewhere. Black band disease has stricken round coral in many reefs throughout the seas.

93. Sedimentary Flyer http://www.geo.utexas.edu/grads/flyers/sedi.html

SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY and PALEONTOLOGY Graduate Studies The University of Texas at Austin The Department of Geological Sciences welcomes qualified applicants for its M.S. and Ph.D. programs in the study of sedimentary rocks and paleobiology, including the fields of stratigraphy, sedimentary petrology and diagenesis, sedimentary processes, paleoclimatology, vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology, and the geology of energy and mineral resources. Aspirants for the PhD degree are not required to obtain or hold a Master's degree. Some of the current research projects suitable for student participation: ® Genetic stratigraphy and depositional sequences of Gulf of Mexico Basin, Caribbean area, North Sea, South America, and Australian basins: reconstruction of depositional environments and processes from surface and subsurface data; ® Integration of geological and geophysical data to define and delineate depositional sequences and their component facies elements.; ® Environments, facies, and processes of modern and ancient fluvial, eolian and submarine depositional systems; ® Diagenesis of carbonates, chert, sandstone, and shale: microscopic, chemical, isotopic, and experimental studies used to interpret changes in mineralogy, texture, and porosity after deposition;

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