21. National Anemia Action Council NAAC - Anemia Symptoms Diagnosis Provides complete guide to anemia for professionals. Also offers research anemia, anemia Research Systematic Literature Review http://www.anemia.org/index.jsp

22. Anemia, Evaluation Of - Hematology - MedStudents Márcia Datz, Pediatric Resident University of São Paulo Brazil. Definition, symptoms, testing, Category Health Conditions and Diseases Blood Disorders anemia......anemia is a commonly encountered clinical condition that is caused by an acquiredor hereditary abnormality of red blood cells (RBC) or its precursors, or may http://www.medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat4.htm

Click here for the best health/medical advertising solution! 55% revenue for your site! Hematology Home Search Approach to the Patient with Anemia Author: Márcia Datz , Pediatric Resident University of São Paulo - Brazil Introduction Anemia is a commonly encountered clinical condition that is caused by an acquired or hereditary abnormality of red blood cells (RBC) or its precursors, or may be a manifestation of an nonhematologic disorder. Definition Anemia is defined as a decrease in the circulating RBC mass and a corresponding decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Normal values of the hemogram: TEST WOMEN MEN Ht (%) 36-48 40-52 Hg (g/dl) 12-16 13,5-17,7 Hem 4,0-5,4 4,5-6,0 VCM 80-100 80-100 A decrease in any of this values (Ht, Hg, Hem) is called anemia. They can be altered by the plasmatic volumes.Diference between women and men values are due to androgen hormones. Signs and Symptoms The clinical manifestations vary with the age, degree and rapidity of onset, presence of subjacent illness and other factors. Mild anemia are often assymptomatic. The main symptoms are exercise dyspnea, fatigue, palpitation, pica (consumption of substances such as ice, starch or clay, frequently found in iron deficiency anemia), syncope (particularly following exercise) and bounding pulse. Dizziness, headache, syncope, tinnitus or vertigo, irritability, difficulty sleeping or concentrating are more frequent in severe chronic anemia.

23. N C H S - FASTATS - Anemia anemia (All figures are for US). Approximately 3.4 million Americans have anemia(1996). anemia is far more prevalent among women than among men (1996). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/anemia.htm

A B C D ... I J K L M N ... P Q R S T U ... W X Y Z FASTATS Home NCHS Home Accessibility Search NCHS ... Contact us Anemia (All figures are for U.S.) Approximately 3.4 million Americans have Anemia 2.1 million of these cases effect Americans under age 45 Anemia is far more prevalent among women than among men More people in the South have had Anemia than in any other region Source: Vital and Health Statistics Series 10, No. 200 Comprehensive Data Anemia Prevalence per 1,000 persons, by age View/download PDF Anemia Prevalence per 1,000 persons, by sex and age View/download PDF Anemia Prevalence per 1,000 persons, by race and age View/download PDF Anemia Prevalence per 1,000 persons, by geographic region View/download PDF Related Links National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion A B ... I J K L M N ... P Q R S T U ... W X Y Z FASTATS Home NCHS Home Accessibility Search NCHS ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed September 11, 2002

24. Anemia And Iron Status Overview of the causes of anemia together with downloadable recommendations on how to prevent it.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Blood Disorders anemia......anemia and Iron Status. If this continues, anemia results. anemia isa manifestation of iron deficiency when it is relatively severe. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/anemiron.htm

National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Home About Us Site Map Visitor Survey ... Related Links Anemia and Iron Status Young children are at great risk of iron deficiency because of rapid growth and increased iron requirements. Iron deficiency can occur due to lack of iron in the diets. If this continues, anemia results. Anemia is a manifestation of iron deficiency when it is relatively severe. It is important to note that not all anemia is due to iron deficiency. The primary causes of anemia include reduced red blood cell and hemoglobin production, hemolysis of red blood cells, and loss of blood. Although an inadequate dietary intake of several nutrients may reduce the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin, the most common cause of anemia throughout the world is iron deficiency. Poverty, abuse, and living in a home with poor household conditions also place children at risk for iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is seen most commonly in children six months to three years of age. Those at highest risk are low birth weight infants after two months of age, breastfed term infants who receive no iron-fortified foods or supplemental iron after four months of age, and formula fed term infants who are not consuming iron-fortified formula. Iron deficiency anemia significantly impairs mental and psychomotor development in infants and children. Although iron deficiency can be reversed with treatment, the reversibility of the mental and psychomotor impairment is not yet clearly understood. Thus, prevention and treatment need to be emphasized more than detection. In addition, iron deficiency increases a child’s susceptibility to lead toxicity. Lead replaces iron in the absorptive pathway when iron is unavailable.

25. Patient Information Sickle Cell anemia. Sickle Cell anemia is a group of inherited redblood cell disorders. How do you get sickle cell anemia or trait? http://www.scinfo.org/sicklept.htm

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. What makes the red cell sickle? There is a substance in the red cell called hemoglobin that carries oxygen inside the cell. One little change in this substance causes the hemoglobin to form long rods in the red cell when it gives away oxygen. These rigid rods change the red cell into a sickle shape instead of the round shape. How do you get sickle cell anemia or trait? You inherit the abnormal hemoglobin from your parents, who may be carriers with sickle cell trait or parents with sickle cell disease. You can not catch it. You are born with the sickle cell hemoglobin and it is present for life. If you inherit only one sickle gene, you have sickle cell trait. If you inherit two sickle cell genes you have sickle cell disease. Is Sickle Cell only in African Americans?

26. Fanconi Mutation Database Fanconi anemia Mutation Database. The Fanconi anemia Mutation Databasehas been established as a cooperative effort in an effort http://www.rockefeller.edu/fanconi/mutate/

Fanconi Anemia Mutation Database The Fanconi Anemia Mutation Database has been established as a cooperative effort in an effort to accelerate the availability of information. The database is divided into a public section listing mutations that have already been reported in the literature, and a private section with unpublished data. The private section is available to interested researchers who agree to a set of guidelines for sharing data. Database Co-Curators Arleen D. Auerbach, PhD The Rockefeller University, NY Detlev Schindler,MD,PhD University of Wuerzburg, Germany Database Manager Kanan Pujara The Rockefeller University, NY

27. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell anemia. Introduction Sickle Cell anemia You may also want tovisit the Sickle Cell anemia Slide Show. Bone Changes Sickle Cell http://rad.usuhs.mil/rad/home/cases/sickle.html

The Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland Sickle Cell Anemia MS-1 ANATOMY MS-2 RADIOLOGY MS-4 ELECTIVE TROPICAL MEDICINE ... Visit The Main Radiology Website! Sickle Cell Anemia Introduction Ironically, the sickle cell trait (the heterozygous HgbSA - not the homozygous HgbSS) seems to have a protective effect against the malaria parasite. By the time many patients reach adulthood, there is often objective evidence of anatomic and/or functional damage to various tissues due to the cumulative effects of recurrent vasoocclusive (clotting) episodes. However, the course of the disease is variable from patient to patient. Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 1 Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 2 Learn More About Sickle Cell Anemia - 3 You may also want to visit the Sickle Cell Anemia Slide Show. Bone Changes Sickle Cell Anemia and its variants produce roentgenographically similar bone changes. These have been divided conveniently into four groups; Deossification due to marrow hyperplasia Thrombosis and infarction Secondary osteomyelitis Growth defects The first is most commonly seen only in sickle cell anemia. Marrow hyperplasia crowds and thins the bone trabeculae which results in bone weakness and osteoporosis. Bone softening at the centra of the vertebral bodies of the spine occurs in 70% of patients; a biconcave shape results as the intervertebral disks push into the softened bone. Infarction on the vertebral bodies may also result in partial or complete collapse of the central portion as well. The biconcave, or "fish mouth" vertebrae (due to compression of the vertebral endplates above and below the disk space) are virtually pathognomonic of sickle cell disease. Such changes are evident on the enclosed chest X-rays.

28. The Story On Sickle Cell Anemia Tells what the condition is, how it affects people, how it may be treated and what young people with Category Kids and Teens Health Sickle Cell anemia......Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes that causetheir red blood cells to change shape. What Is Sickle Cell anemia? http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia.html

KidsHealth Teens Blood Disorders Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder that primarily affects people of African ancestry, but also occurs in other ethnic groups, including people who are of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent. More than 60,000 Americans have sickle cell anemia, and approximately two million Americans have sickle cell trait (this means they carry one gene for the disease). Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. What Is Sickle Cell Anemia? Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin (pronounced: hee -muh-glow-bin), a protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin ( HbA ) flow easily through the bloodstream, delivering oxygen to all of the cells of the body. Normal red blood cells are shaped like doughnuts with the centers partially scooped out and are soft and flexible. Sickle cell anemia occurs when an abnormal form of hemoglobin ( HbS ) is produced. HbS molecules tend to clump together, making red blood cells sticky, stiff, and more fragile, and causing them to assume a curved, sickle shape. Red blood cells containing HbS can go back and forth between being shaped normally and being sickle shaped until they eventually become irreversibly sickled. These sickle cells can clog blood vessels and deprive the body's tissues and organs of the oxygen they need to stay healthy.

29. Aplastic Anemia And Myelodysplasia Association Of Canada Canada. Upcoming Meetings Events (updated March 16, 2003). UnderstandingAplastic anemia and Myelodysplasia. anemiaRelated Links. http://www.aplastic.ualberta.ca/

Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia Association of Canada (updated March 16, 2003) Understanding Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia Description Causes Treatments How can I help? We also have numerous documents generously supplied by the You can obtain these educational materials by calling our toll-free line . Also, ask to get on our mailing list. Aquired Aplastic Anemia - Basic Explanations Aplastic Anemia - Introduction for the General Physician Myelodysplastic Syndromes - Basic Explanations PNH - Basic Explanations Parent's Guide to Bone Marrow Failure Disease Teachers/School Nurses Guide to Bone Marrow Failure Disease The Association Mandate Board of Directors How to Contact Us Other AAMAC Links Alberta Chapter Home Page British Columbia Chapter Home Page Other AA/MDS Associations AA-MDS-TALK Mailing List The Aplastic Anaemia Trust The Myelodysplastic Syndromes Foundation Anemia-Related Links PNH On-Line Support Group Fanconi Canada Anemia Institute for Research and Education Thalassemia Foundation of Canada ... Canadian Celiac Association Blood-Related Links Canadian Blood Services Hema-Quebec Bone Marrow Registry CIMFR - Canadian Inherited Marrow Failure Registry ... Canadian Hemophilia Society What are Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplasia?

30. Meisha's Hope; A Guide To Canine Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia A page of hope for owners, whose dogs suffer from canine autoimmune hemolyticanemia. MEISHA'S HOPE. A GUIDE to CANINE AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC anemia. http://www.cloudnet.com/~jdickson/

MEISHA'S HOPE A GUIDE to CANINE AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Meisha's Hope Treatment FAQ Meisha's Story A New Hope Success Stories tissue autopsy revealed she died of amyloidosis probably caused by the long-standing AIHA. This site is dedicated to her and all the other dogs and their families who struggle with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. WHAT IS AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (AIHA)? Lets define the terms of the disease one at a time. "Autoimmune" literally means the immunity against the self."Hemolytic" is the destruction of red blood cells. "Anemia" is a clinical sign, not a disease. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBC's) or the amount of hemoglobin, resulting in a decrease in the oxygen- carrying capacity of the blood. spherocyte occurs. Finding spherocytes on a blood smear almost guarantees that some form of hemolytic anemia is occurring. Since this disorder does not stop the production of red blood cells, there are usually immature red blood cells in the bloodstream which can be detected on the blood smears as well. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA?

31. Untitled Document Overview of the condition with suggested treatments.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Blood Disorders anemia...... Anxiety, Depression Panic Attacks. Phosphatidylserine Your Brain. anemia.Melatonin Properties. Intestinal Health. Candida (Yeast). Fibromyalgia. References. http://www.health-science.com/anemia_frame.html

Natural Progesterone Benefits Overview Index of Diseases Message From Dr. Lee Natural Progesterone Benefits Overview Index of Diseases Message From Dr. Lee ... (Natural Progesterone Cream)

32. Anemia One of the most common disorders caused by nutritional deficiency isanemia due to an insufficiency of B12. anemia. One of the most http://www.health-science.com/anemia.html

pregnancy menopause pms progesterone ... index of diseases Anemia One of the most common disorders caused by nutritional deficiency is anemia due to an insufficiency of B-12. This nutrient has the largest molecular structure of any single vitamin and consequently presents a serious absorption problem. The typical approaches to treating anemia are to administer large dosages of ferrous sulfate (iron sulfate) which may cause gastrointestinal bleeding, or a 1 c.c. (1000 mcg.) intramuscular injection of vitamin B-12, which is difficult to maintain over a long period of time. Absorption of B-12 in the diet is reduced by an erosion of the mucous lining of the intestines and decreased hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. Stress has also been implicated in reducing the amount of blood flow to the stomach wall (eschemia), and thus inhibiting the absorption of B-12. Further, many people are lacking a protein called "Intrinsic Factor" that may also be necessary for absorption. Vegetarians are often at risk of deficiency because B-12 is only found in animal products. Recently, a number of researchers have found that the Schilling Test, the standard for measuring B-12 in the blood, does not accurately account for

33. The Body: Fatigue And Anemia Listing of resources for anemia. Currently listed under HIV.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Blood Disorders anemia......Information on treatment of fatigue and anemia at The Body, the completeAIDS/HIV information resource. Candida anemia. Counterfeit http://www.thebody.com/treat/fatigue.html

Fatigue and Anemia Got questions about fatigue and anemia? Ask The Body's expert Dr. Robert J. Frascino Articles on Fatigue Articles on Anemia Sponsored in part by: Read more information provided by Ortho Biotech Inc. in: Are You Tired? You May Be Anemic Everything You Wanted to Know About HIV-Related Fatigue (But Were Afraid to Ask) (en Understanding Your CBC (complete blood count) Personal Help Station News: A Monthly Newsletter Procrit: Full Prescribing Information Fatigue Fatigue (August 31, 2002) A look at fatigue from a psychological point of view From British Medical Journal Study Finds Fatigue Linked to Quality of Sleep (July 31, 2002) Report from the XIV International AIDS Conference From Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange Strategies to Manage Side Effects and Symptoms: Fatigue (Spring 2002) In ACRIA Update , from AIDS Community Research Initiative of America Fatigue (March 20, 2002) To read PDF, click here From New Mexico AIDS InfoNet A Comprehensive Look at HIV-Related Fatigue (Spring 2001) In Bulletin of Experimental Treatments for AIDS , from San Francisco AIDS Foundation Incidence and Associations of Fatigue in HIV-infected Persons (July 12, 2000)

34. Forum On Fatigue And Anemia -- The Body: An AIDS And HIV Information Resource Ask the experts your questions on fatigue and anemia at The Body, the AIDS Authority.Got questions on why you feel so tired? Think you may have anemia? http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Fatigue/

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35. Entrance Into The International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) Provides contact information, and an overview of what the study aims to achieve.Category Health Conditions and Diseases anemia Fanconi......Hospital logo, Entrance into the International Fanconi anemia Registry(IFAR). Principal Investigator Arleen D. Auerbach, Ph.D. Goal http://clinfo.rockefeller.edu/fanconi/ptrecrt.html

36. ANEMIA: AN APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS An in depth study and article about anemia by Thomas G. DeLoughery, Associate Professor of Medicine.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Blood Disorders anemia...... Thomas G. DeLoughery Associate Professor of Medicine March 15, 1999. anemia ANAPPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS. General Principles. 1. anemia is a sign, not a disease. http://www.ohsu.edu/som-hemonc/handouts/deloughery/anemia.shtml

3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, OP28 Portland, OR 97201 fax Home Welcome News Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation ... PRINT VERSION Thomas G. DeLoughery Associate Professor of Medicine March 15, 1999 ANEMIA: AN APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS "I want to say in a single sentence what it takes books for other philosophers to say"- Frederich Nietzsche General Principles 1. Anemia is a sign, not a disease. 2. Anemias are a dynamic process. 3. Although the elderly are more prone to anemia, being elderly is not a cause of anemia. 4. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia mandates further work-up. Initial Work-up 1. Good -Ask about blood loss, duration of anemia, family history of anemia, medication use etc.. Exam should include a careful search for splenomegaly, blood in the stool, etc.. 2. A careful review of the peripheral smear will often reveal many diagnostic clues, especially in the complex patient. 3. The reticulocyte count provides insight into whether a marrow problem is involved or if the anemia is due to blood loss or destruction. 4. Armed with the above knowledge one can then order specific tests further to explain the etiology of the anemia.

37. MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIAS An article by Thomas G. DeLoughery, Associate Professor of Medicine discussing all aspects of this disorder.Category Health Conditions and Diseases anemia Megaloblastic...... raided LDH and indirect bilirubinemia. The LDH level is often in the1,000's in patients with megaloblastic anemia. The lack of DNA http://www.ohsu.edu/som-hemonc/handouts/deloughery/megalobl.shtml

3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, OP28 Portland, OR 97201 fax Home Welcome News Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation ... PRINT VERSION Thomas G. DeLoughery Associate Professor of Medicine March 15, 1999 MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIAS MACROCYTOSIS An increased MCV can be due to a number of reasons but careful review of the patient's history and blood smear can narrow the diagnostic possibilities. The differential can be divided into two broad categories based on RBC morphology. Round macrocytosis-due to abnormal lipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane. Common etiologies include: Alcoholism. Liver Disease. Renal Disease. Hypothyroidism ("myxedema of the red cell"). Oval macrocytosis (macroovalocytes) is a sign of problem with cell DNA replication. The developing red cell has difficulty in undergoing cell division but RNA continues to be translated and transcribed into protein leading to growth of the cytoplasm while the nucleus lags behind. Often one or more cell division are skipped leading to a larger than normal cell. Common causes are: Drug effect including cytotoxic chemotherapy (AZT now most common etiology of increased MCV).

38. New Hope For People With Sickle Cell Anemia (FDA Consumer Reprint) A recent clinical trial found that the drug Hydrea (hydroxyurea) significantlyreduced painful episodes in adults with a severe form of sickle cell anemia. http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/496_sick.html

This article originally appeared in the May 1996 FDA Consumer and contains revisions made in December 1997 and February 1999. The article is no longer being updated. New Hope for People with Sickle Cell Anemia by Eleanor Mayfield In tropical regions of the world where the parasite-borne disease malaria is prevalent, people with a single copy of a particular genetic mutation have a survival advantage. Over time, people from these regions have migrated, had children, and in some cases married each other. Some of their children inherit two copies of the mutation. While inheriting one copy of the mutation confers a benefit, inheriting two copies is a tragedy. Children born with two copies of the genetic mutation have sickle cell anemia, a painful disease that affects the red blood cells and is curable only in rare instances. In February 1998, the Food and Drug Administration approved the drug Droxia (hydroxyurea) for reducing painful episodes in adults with a severe form of sickle cell anemia. The drug doesn't cure the disease. Hydroxyurea also is approved under the name Hydrea for treating certain cancers. Genetic Defect Changes Cell Shape The genetic defect that causes sickle cell anemia affects hemoglobin, a component of red blood cells. Hemoglobin's job is to carry oxygen to all the cells and tissues of the body. Red blood cells that contain normal hemoglobin (such as the one pictured top right) are soft and round. Their soft texture enables them to squeeze through the body's small blood vessels.

39. Aplastic Anemia Sufferer Bruce Lande moderates a site specifically dedicated to AA. Includes stories of others, links, Category Health Conditions and Diseases anemia Aplastic......Aplastic anemia AA MDS resource center providing useful informationto aplastic anemia patients, families, relatives and friends. http://www.aplasticcentral.com/

Aplastic Anemia Central Holistic Healing Center Aplastic Wheel Research Center ... MDS Myleodysplasia Dysplasia Displasia Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) Cure for Low Platelet Counts Aplastic Anemia is a rare disease requiring Bone Marrow Transplant which prevents Platelets and red blood cells and white blood cells from properly entering the blood stream. Platelets are counted and if they are low, a transfusion is required. There are only 300 new cases of Aplastic Anemia reported each year. The site includes holistic and alternative approaches to healing autoimmune diseases. Aplastic Anemia, Myleodyslpasia, mylodisplasia, low Platelets and Bone Marrow Transplant are keywords that will help attract visitors to the site. Aplastic Anemia - Click Here to Enter Bone Marrow Transplant is the recommended cure for Aplastic Anemia with a matched sibling donor. If a

40. Sickle Cell Anemia SICKLE CELL anemia (SCA) is the most common inherited blood disorder in the UnitedStates, affecting about 72,000 Americans or 1 in 500 African Americans. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/sickle.html

This Genes and Disease page has been moved to: Please update your bookmarks. If you are not automatically transported to the new page after 15 seconds, click on this link Genome View HBB on chromosome 11 Databases PubMed the literature Key Papers Recent literature LocusLink collection of gene-related information OMIM catalog of human genes and disorders Information Fact Sheet from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH SCDAA Sickle Cell Disease Association of America SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (SCA) is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting about 72,000 Americans or 1 in 500 African Americans. SCA is characterized by episodes of pain, chronic hemolytic anemia and severe infections, usually beginning in early childhood. SCA is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a point mutation in the hemoglobin beta gene ( HBB ) found on chromosome 11p15.4. Carrier frequency of HBB varies significantly around the world, with high rates associated with zones of high malaria incidence, since carriers are somewhat protected against malaria. About 8% of the African American population are carriers. A mutation in HBB results in the production of a structurally abnormal hemoglobin (Hb), called HbS. Hb is an oxygen carrying protein that gives red blood cells (RBC) their characteristic color. Under certain conditions, like low oxygen levels or high hemoglobin concentrations, in individuals who are homozygous for HbS, the abnormal HbS clusters together, distorting the RBCs into sickled shapes. These deformed and rigid RBCs become trapped within small blood vessels and block them, producing pain and eventually damaging organs.

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