61. WBUR.ORG - Antarctica Special Some good Web sites to begin researching include www.coolantarctica.com/antarctica%20fact%20file/History/exploration%20and%20history.htmor www.antarcticaonline http://www.wbur.org/special/antarctica/teacherguides/6_8/interactive_timeline.as

Photos View images in a collection of Photo Galleries. Video Watch video of penguins at play. Interactive Timeline Social Studies for grades 6-8 Students will learn about the people who have gone to Antarctica and their reasons for going to the continent. Learning Objective: Students will be able to collect, research, and synthesize historical facts and create a dramatic presentation that highlights their understanding of Antarctic exploration. Divide the class into up to several groups. Each group is responsible for conducting research on a particular time period in Antarctica's history. Possible group topics: Early exploration, 1700's Seal hunters, 1784-1822 Search for the South magnetic Pole Whale hunters Exploration for scientific purposes and national recognition late 1800's to early 1900's Whalers return Mechanized Exploration Territorial Claims Establishment of permanent bases Teacher Note: Depending on the reading level of your students, you may need to work individually with each group to complete the research section of this activity. Some good Web sites to begin researching include www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/exploration%20and%20history.htm

62. Antarctica Fact Sheet If antarctica is indeed eventually opened for oil exploration activities, whichmany believe it will be, the potential for oil pollution occurrences such as http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/antarctica2.html

September 2000 Antarctica: Fact Sheet Introduction Although the continent is one of geographic and meteorological extremes, Antarctica abounds with life. Large populations of whales, seals, penguins and other native sea birds live on or near the coasts of Antarctica. The continent is also home to a number of plant species, which despite the harsh climate and rocky terrain manage to thrive. And, as testament to Antarctica's inhospitable environment, it is the only continent where humans are not indigenous and have never flourished. Oil Exploration Nevertheless, following the energy crisis of the 1970s, several oil companies looked to Antarctica as a possible solution to future world oil shortages by announcing plans to exploit the continent's resources. The necessary conditions for economically-sound oil production projects were beginning to ripen along with high oil prices and demand, and improved drilling technology. The prospect that Antarctica's fragile wildnerness could be tainted as a result of oil exploration and drilling activities resulted in the mobilization of several conservation groups who were intent on preserving the continent's status as the most pristine in the world. On January 28, 1989 the

63. Antarctica: Fact Sheet Oil exploration antarctica's serenely primitive wilderness faces an uncertain futureas debate continues over the question of tapping into the continent's http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/antarctica.html

Home Country Analysis Briefs Antarctica: Fact Sheet PDF version PDB version September 2000 Introduction Oil Exploration Climate Change Energy Use ... 21st Century Antarctica: Fact Sheet Introduction Oil Exploration Nevertheless, following the energy crisis of the 1970s, several oil companies looked to Antarctica as a possible solution to future world oil shortages by announcing plans to exploit the continent's resources. The necessary conditions for economically-sound oil production projects were beginning to ripen along with high oil prices and demand, and improved drilling technology. The prospect that Antarctica's fragile wildnerness could be tainted as a result of oil exploration and drilling activities resulted in the mobilization of several conservation groups who were intent on preserving the continent's status as the most pristine in the world. On January 28, 1989 the

64. Scott Polar Research Institute » Lectures Open To The Public Robert Headland, Scott Polar Research Institute. Polar Centenary Lecture SeriesNo. 3. The period 1895 to 1920 was crucial for antarctica's exploration. http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/events/lectures/michaelmas1999.html

@import "/sitetech/extra.css"; Scott Polar Research Institute home what's new? University of Cambridge ... Research seminars You are in: Home Events Lectures open to the public Public Lectures - Michaelmas term 1999 With the exception of David Wilson's lecture on 20 November, which will be held at 5.00 p.m., all lectures are at p.m. in the Scott Polar Research Institute, Lensfield Road. They are open to all who are interested, and seats will be reserved, on request, for Friends of the Institute Summer on the tundra Saturday, 23 October Bob Burton, Arcturus Expeditions On three Joint Service expeditions to North-east Greenland (1977) and Ellesmere Island, Canada (1980, 1988), the speaker had opportunity to observe the wildlife of the High Arctic from before the first thaw in May to the first autumn snows in late August. In this illustrated lecture, he will describe how Arctic animals and plants make the most of their short summer. Frank Wild: the forgotten hero of Antarctica Saturday, 6 November Leif Mills Wild went South with Scott (1901-04), Mawson (1911-14) and Shackleton (1907-09, 1914-17, 1921-22), participating in more Heroic Age expeditions than anyone else. Author of a recent biography of Wild, the speaker will draw attention to the very considerable achievements of a man who has strong claims to be regarded as one of the most significant figures in Antarctic exploration. Edward Wilson of the Antarctic: the hero in the family from the family point of view Saturday, 20 November

65. Scott Polar Research Institute » Polar Museums Directory exploration. For publications covering antarctica's exploration andhistory, see our database SPRILIB antarctica. ^ Top of page, http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/resources/museums/

@import "/sitetech/extra.css"; Scott Polar Research Institute home what's new? University of Cambridge ... Polar Information Sheets You are in: Home Online resources Polar Museums directory Polar Museums directory This directory provides brief details of museums with collections relating to the Arctic and Antarctic. It is very much a work in progress and information about other museums, as well as corrections to existing entries are welcomed. The directory was compiled by William Mills, Librarian and Keeper of Collections at the Scott Polar Research Institute, as part of a new reference work Keyguide to information sources on the polar and cold regions (Mansell, 1998). However, so much information has now been gathered on so many subjects that this museums directory has been spun off as a separate resource. Index by country Argentina Australia Austria Brazil ... United States If you have any additional information, corrections, etc., please kindly contact the Librarian . In due course this resource will be converted into a searchable database. Some other useful sites Those interested in historic sites associated with the exploration of Antarctic should see The Antarctic Circle maintained by Robert B. Stephenson. Also useful is Andre Engels'

66. Antarctica The most significant contribution in the exploration of antarctica was made by theexpeditions led by Dumount d'Urville (France), Captain Wilkes (USA), Ross http://www.polarmuseum.sp.ru/Eng/antarctica.htm

Antarctica The exhibits of this department tell about the environment of the seventh Continent, the history of its exploration and discovery, the most important foreign expeditions in Antarctica and about Russian (former Soviet) Antarctic expeditions. The Russian navigators F. Bellinsghausen and M. Lazarev were the first to reached the coast of the Antarctica Continent. Two small sailing boats "Vostok" and "Mirnyi"; pushed through the storms and fogs, drifting ice belt and chain of giant icebergs to reach the Continent on the 28 th of January, 1820. Later the Continent was called the Antarctic (opposite to the Arctic). They circumnavigated the Continent, nine times approached the ice barrier and discovered some islands they named "Peter the First Island" and "Alexander the First Land". The exhibits devoted to this great geographical discovery of the XIX century show the pages from real log books of the ships and a model of the schooner "Vostok". At the same time as F. Bellinsghausen and M. Lazarev sailed around Antarctica, British and American whalers made several geographic discoveries in the region of South - Shetland Islands and the approach routs to the Antarctic Peninsula. The most significant contribution in the exploration of Antarctica was made by the expeditions led by Dumount d'Urville (France), Captain Wilkes (USA), Ross (Britain). At the end of XIX century a number of leading world geographers proposed to pool their efforts in the study of the ice continent. However, until the middle of the present century the research was carried out on a national basis.

67. Index A list of books about Antarctic exploration, focusing on the heroic age.Category Regional Polar Regions Antarctic Society and Culture......A Bibliography of Historical exploration in antarctica. Men are notold here. Only the rocks are old, and the sheathing ice Only http://www.scelder.org.uk/

A Bibliography of Historical Exploration in Antarctica Men are not old here. Only the rocks are old, and the sheathing ice: Only the restless sea, chafing the frozen land, Ever moving, matched by the ceaselessly-circling sun. Frank Debenham Scott and his companions go to The Shackleton Collection go to Amundsen and other 'heroic age' explorers go to General and multi-topic expeditions go to About me and this site/My guestbook go t o

68. Antarctic Explorers - EnchantedLearning.com Stroud made the first unsupported walk across the continent of antarctica, each mandragging a 500pound sledge. Fiennes holds many world exploration records. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/antarctica.shtml

Please help keep Enchanted Learning online. Click here for more information on our honor system. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal An Enchanted Learning Web Page Zoom Explorers A B C D ... Glossary of Exploration Terms Antarctic Explorers More information on Antarctica AMUNDSEN, ROALD Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) was a Norwegian polar explorer who was the first person to fly over the North Pole in a dirigible (May 11-13, 1926) and was the first person to reach the South Pole. Amundsen and his small expedition reached the South Pole on December 14, 1911, traveling by dog sled. Amundsen was also the first person to sail around the world through the Northeast and Northwest passages, from the Atlantic to the Pacific (in 1905). He was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. Amundsen died in a plane crash attempting to rescue his friend, the Italian explorer Umberto Nobile who was lost in an airship. For more information on Amundsen, click here BYRD, RICHARD E. Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd (1888-1957) was an Arctic and Antarctic explorer, pioneering aviator, and US Naval Officer. On May 9, 1926, Byrd (the navigator) and Floyd Bennett (the pilot) made what may have been the first airplane trip over the North Pole, in a 15 1/2 hour flight; they flew from King's Bay, Spitsbergen, Norway, to the North Pole and back again. There is a dispute as to whether or not they actually reached the pole. He also made many trips to Antarctica.

69. Glossary Of Exploration Terms - EnchantedLearning.com Glossary of exploration Terms The Earth's current continets are Africa, antarctica,Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/glossary.shtml

Help save Enchanted Learning: Don't let it go the way of the dinosaurs. Click here for more information on our honor system. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal An Enchanted Learning Web Page Zoom Explorers A B C D ... Glossary of Exploration Terms Glossary of Exploration Terms ALTITUDE Altitude is the height of an area, measured from sea level. ANALEMMA The analemma is a figure-8-shaped diagram that shows the declination of the sun (the angle that the sun is from the equator), for each day in the year. If you took a snapshot of the the sun at the same time each day (from the same location), the Sun would make a figure shaped like an analemma during the course of a year (this is because the Earth is tilted on its axis and because it doesn't orbit the Sun in a perfect circle). ASTROLABE An astrolabe is an instrument that was used to determine the altitude of objects (like the sun) in the sky. It was first used around 200 B.C. by astronomers in Greece. The astrolabe was replaced by the sextant BUCCANEER A buccaneer was a pirate from the Caribbean.

70. GeoWorld - Nov 99 - The Fliers' Globe Exemplifies 20th Century Exploration called for the exploration of Aquaterra (Dobson, 1999), a global feature that's profoundlyunknown and will be at least as difficult to explore as antarctica. http://www.geoplace.com/gw/1999/1199/1199gng.asp

GEO World Links Archives Features Columns Departments ... Editorial Guidelines Current Issue Subscribe The Fliers' Globe Exemplifies 20th Century Exploration T he American Geographical Society (AGS) possesses a wondrous globe that extols the history of geographic exploration in the 20th century. It's called "The Fliers' and Explorers' Globe" or sometimes just "The Fliers' Globe," and it has belonged to the society since 1929. The globe's story truly befits the end of a millennium and the beginning of the next, because it tells us where we've been and asks us where we're going. U.S. President John F. Kennedy (far left) and Vice President Lyndon Johnson (back left) watch John Glenn sign the Fliers' Globe. In monetary terms, the globe certainly stands among the most valuable on Earth. Measuring 18 inches in diameter, it was constructed by Rand McNally and donated to the society by John H. Finley, society president from 1925 to 1934 and later editor in chief of the New York Times. The globe's extraordinary value, however, lies in what's been scribbled and scrawled across its surface. Priceless Graffiti Picture an antique globe with Charles Lindbergh's route etched across the Atlantic and signed in his own hand. How much would such a "collectible" bring at Sotheby's?

71. Antarctica - Introduction Personal recollections, a history of early Antarctic exploration, and pictures of the wildlife and organisms that live in the Antarctic. http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Canopy/8947/index.html

Many of the images herein have a larger and better quality version behind the thumbnail. You may use the icons at the head and foot of these pages to navigate the site. Use this icon to navigate to an earlier page in the collection, it is not a BACK button, you can use your browser for that This icon takes you through the pages where I show you an Antarctic year using photographs I took during my stay on Signy Island. To return to this home page from anywhere on the site, just press this icon. Some fauna not presented on the Antarctic year pages, including some microscopic animals from the mosses. If your interest is in the early exploration of the Antarctic, then this icon might help you find what you seek. The right arrow will take you on a tour through my pages. There are three reasons why I embarked upon creating this set of Antarctic Pages: :- ( I couldn't find Scott During the creation of my Family History Home Pages I wanted to add a link in my TimeLine to Robert Falcon Scott's final expedition - but I failed to find one. The situation over the past 18 months has totally transformed. A search in any half decent search engine (try http://www.google.com

72. History Channel Classroom: Discuss the role of economics in the discovery and exploration of antarctica.What is the legacy of Antarctic explorer Robert Falcon Scott? http://www.historychannel.com/classroom/admin/study_guide/archives/thc_guide.168

Antarctica: A Frozen History (2 Parts) Hostile and unforgiving, yet beautiful and seductive, the frozen continent of Antarctica has beckoned adventurers for over a century. Because of its location, extreme climate and landscape, the continent remains largely in its pristine glory. What is it about this frozen land that attracts explorers, scientists, and thrill seekers? How has Antarctica presented the supreme challenge to humankind’s desire to control nature? This special documentary presents the history of the continent and the efforts to explore and subdue it. Antarctica: A Frozen History would be useful for classes on World History, Exploration, Science and Technology and Geography. It is appropriate for middle school and high school. Objectives Students will learn about the formation, climate and natural history of the Antarctic continent. They will learn about the exploration expeditions to the region, as well as the contemporary scientific expeditions. National History Standards Antarctica: A Frozen History fulfills the following National Standards for History for grades 5-12: chronological thinking, historical comprehension, historical analysis and interpretations, and historical research capabilities for World History eras 8 and 9.

73. Browse Travel And Exploration | NMM Port * Ancient Discovery Before Christ. * Antarctic exploration. * AntarcticPhilately. * antarctica New Zealand Information and Education Resources. http://www.port.nmm.ac.uk/ROADS/subject-listing/trav.html

Browse Travel and exploration Select the name of the resource from the list to see a short description or select the icon ( ) to connect directly to the resource. "All Is Not Gold That Glistereth": Frobisher's Fool's Errand to the Arctic "Curious Variety of Mazes and Meanders (A)" 1492: An Ongoing Voyage 1768 - The Voyage of the ... Help

74. Powell's Books - Used, New, And Out Of Print Featured Titles in Travel Writingantarctica General Page 1 of 7 next. Atlantic inpursuit of the last unclaimed prize in the history of exploration the first http://www.powells.com/subsection/TravelWritingAntarcticaGeneral.html

Technical Books Kids' Books eBooks more search options ... Travel Travel Writing US History Unix Western Civilization Western Europe ... view all sections... Antarctica General There are 316 books in this aisle. Browse the aisle by Title by Author by Price See recently arrived used books in this aisle. Featured Titles in Travel Writing -Antarctica General: Page 1 of 7 next Used Trade Paper List Price $13.95 Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Adventure by Alfred Lansing From Powells.com Days before the outbreak of World War One renowned explorer Ernest Shackleton and a crew of twenty-seven set sail to attempt the first crossing on foot of the Antarctic continent. More than eighty miles from their destination, however, their... read more about this title check for other copies Used Hardcover List Price $50.00 South with Endurance: Shackleton's Antarctic Expedition 1914-1917 by Frank Hurley Publisher Comments The definitive and spellbinding record of Shackleton's legendary Antarctic expedition, immortalized on film by pioneering photographer Frank Hurley. Sir Ernest Shackleton's trans-Antarctic expedition of 1914-1917 was one of the great feats of human...

75. BUY.COM - Books History exploration Before the Heroes Came antarctica in the 1890'sBefore the Heroes Came antarctica in the 1890's Our Price $9.48 You Save http://www.buy.com/retail/books/category.asp?loc=2235

76. The KIMM Amazon Store Paddle Polar Exploration Books WHEELER, Sara Terra IncognitaTerra Incognita Travels in antarctica.One woman’svery honest account of her trials and tribulations in antarctica. http://www.kimm.com/Magazine/1Pola.htm

THE KIMM AMAZON STORE in association with Amazon Search: All Products Books Popular Music Classical Music Software PC and Video Games Keywords: Now you can purchase: Here's How: In the amazon box to the right click on the dropdown box button to the right of the search field to find the appropriate department of your choice from the selection above. Then enter the title, author, artist, brand or description of your choice in the keywords field and click the GO Button If you wish you can go straight to the AMAZON main entrance by clicking anywhere on the black surrounded logo. POLAR EXPLORATION BOOKS Bike Mountains / Climbing /Exploration Nutrition / Health / Performance Paddle / Canoe / Kayak ... Boardman Tasker Award Finalist Titles NEW Adventure Racing About The Bookstore FIENNES Ranulph Mind over Matter One man and his sledge, across Antarctica. WHEELER, Sara

77. Resource Sharing In Antarctica: 1) The Party having an interest in the identification of a given area of Antarcticafor possible exploration and development must present an application to the http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol1/No1/art15-02.html

Resource Sharing in Antarctica: III. Does the Minerals Convention Pose a Threat to the Antarctic Environment? Since it became apparent that the mineral negotiations would be successfully concluded with the adoption of the Convention, the Consultative Parties have come under attack for their alleged attempt at opening Antarctica for commercial mining. The environmentalist associations that are in the forefront of this attack of course do not conceive of Antarctica being opened to minerals exploitation even under the most rigorous system of supervision. Their position, as already mentioned, is uncompromising in their demand that the whole continent be declared a world park. Whether this option will prevail in the long run, or whether Antarctica will be opened to mineral resource activities under the 1988 Convention is, for the time being, only a matter of speculation. What is certain now is that all the states active in Antarctica have shown that they are not willing to exclude the option of mineral activities in that continent. Therefore, even if one were to hope that the continent of Antarctica should in the future remain immune from mineral activities, it is nonetheless realistic to assume that some mineral activities may be considered in the future as an acceptable risk by those states that hitherto have engaged in scientific exploration and investigation of Antarctica. In this perspective, it is important to assess as objectively and impartially as possible to what degree the new Convention provides a guarantee for the environment.

78. Antarctica 2001: Main Page The search for antarctica was the last great adventure of global exploration.The first recorded sightings of the continent occurred in 1820. http://www.neiu.edu/~ctc/onlineexpeditions/antarctica01/history.html

HISTORY OF EXPLORATION While the existence of Antarctica was not confirmed until the nineteenth century, the early Greeks had already named the land mass around the south pole "opposite of the Arctic" or Antarctica. The Greeks believed that the earth was a sphere and if a northern landmass existed there must be a southern landmass to symmetrically balance the known world The search for Antarctica was the last great adventure of global exploration. The first recorded sightings of the continent occurred in 1820. These sightings were part of the Age of Discovery, in which whalers and sealers sought to exploit the natural resources of the icy Antarctic waters. This was followed by the most decorated era of exploration, the Heroic Era. This era was characterized by great explorers such as Robert Scott, Ernest Shackleton, Douglas Mawson, and Roald Amundsen. They ventured into the interior of the continent seeking the most prestigious prize of their day, the South Pole. Today, scientists travel to Antarctica to conduct scientific inquiry. More than 3,000 people each year work on research projects. They study wildlife, ocean depth, and prehistoric issues.

79. Polar - Exploration - Themepark Heacox, Kim. antarctica The Last Continent (National Geographic Destinations). TheLast Place on Earth (Modern Library exploration). Modern Library, 1999. http://www.uen.org/themepark/html/exploration/polar.html

The New World American West The Sea Space ... Polar The Polar Regions For hundreds of years the icy areas at each end of the Earth have challenged explorers. Many brave individuals have risked their lives and some have lost them investigating the frigid regions of the Arctic and Antarctic. Some of these heroes were driven by the explorer's longing to make the first footprints in an unknown land. Others were seeking short sailing routes from Europe. Still others were searching for good sealing and whaling grounds. For many years, reaching the North Pole, and then the South Pole, was the supreme challenge to daring explorers. Places To Go People To See Things To Do Teacher Resources ... Bibliography Places To Go Arctic Studies Center http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/index.html Visit the Smithsonian Institute's Arctic Studies Center, which is dedicated to the study of northern peoples, their history and environment. Wired Antarctica http://www.geophys.washington.edu/People/Students/ginny/antarctica/

80. CyberSleuthKids: Antarctica And Oceania SEARCH RESULTS 1 12 of 32 A history of Antarctic exploration The searchfor antarctica was the last great adventure of global exploration. http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/Geography/Antarctica_and_Oceania/

Home Fun and Games Science Math ... CLIPART A Great Site to find school related clipart. Over 20,000 pictures, illustration, clipart and images to download!! CLIPART INDEX Clipart History Animals, Dinosaurs ... Central Free Lesson Plans in Math, Social Studies, Art, Language Arts, and Science. Rubrics, Worksheets, and Teacher Productivity Tools!! Math Worsheets Math Flash Cards Online Word Search Stay up-to-date! Sign up for our mailing list Subject Themes Dinosaurs Civil War Educational Software US States ... Ancient Civilizations Clipart Mathematics Explorers Inventors ... Lessons US History Search: Home Geography Antarctica and Oceania SEARCH RESULTS 1 - 12 of 32 A history of Antarctic exploration The search for Antarctica was the last great adventure of global exploration. It's an epic tale spanning centuries of high adventure, from the "unknown southern land" of the ancients to the first recorded sightings of the continent in 1820.

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