41. AsanteSana Islamic culture as well as its own indigenous African cultural Even more beautifulthan this are the peoples of Kenya. asante sana to U of L and the University http://www.louisville.edu/a-s/honors/AsanteSana.htm

Home Page Getting Acquainted Honors Courses Newsletters ... Contact Send comments to: will.armstrong@louisville.edu "Thank You" Asante Sana U of L Honors by Angela Orend-Cunningham Sociology ‘02 Jambo ! The Honors Program has truly changed my life! This past spring semester, the University Honors Program offered an International Seminar on "Current Issues in African History and Thought" taught by Dr. Dismas Masolo, a distinguished scholar at U of L from Kenya in East Africa. Along with 14 other students I traveled across Kenya for three weeks learning firsthand about the peoples and cultures of this country. The course was designed to give students a background in contemporary East African political, social and cultural discourse within the historical context of the diverse forms of colonial experience that have affected Africa’s own indigenous heritage. Throughout the semester we were given a general introduction to the impact of the tri-cultural heritage of Africa that has been influenced by Western and Islamic culture as well as its own indigenous African cultural values. We examined the consequences of colonialism in Africa and learned that although independence has been in place for almost fifty years, social and political stability are still fragile due to the historical consequences of Western expansion. At the end of the course we all made the long-awaited trip to Kenya. We began our field study in Nairobi, the largest city in East Africa. As soon as we got off the plane I knew that nothing I had ever learned in any book or course lecture could have ever taught me the unique experience of African culture. The experience of this trip has now given me a better understanding of African culture, its peoples, its history and the social and political obstacles that it faces.

42. Forgotten Africa Part 1 - By Monty Rainey africa Backgrounder History, of africa to European africa. The NiloSaharan languages may have had their origins in the Nile valley, but the term "Nilotic" to describe peoples http://juntosociety.com/monty/mrfa1.html

Home About Us Breaking News] Commentary ... Store Forgotten Africa Part 1 Monty Rainey October 3, 2002 There has been much talk about all of the problems facing Africa today. Most people are aware of the land theft taking place in Zimbabwe, the genocide of Sudanese Christians in southern Sudan, the starvation throughout Africa, the growing AIDS epidemic, and the endless list of other African problems. Almost everyone has an opinion, but as usual, as is sadly the case, Americans for the most part, are poorly informed of the overall scope of what is occurring. To fully understand things, one must first take a look at how the problems developed in the first place. The slave trade, which began about 1450 and lasted roughly 400 years, removed millions of people in their most productive years from Africa and left the continent ill-prepared to cope with the European "scramble for Africa. " From the 1870s through the early twentieth century, nearly the entire sub-Saharan region was divided among the European powers. The Europeans built a basic economic infrastructure; but imposed a bureaucratic system of government and strengthened traditional chiefs and other "big men" to help them rule. These patterns deepened divisions in African societies and strengthened anti-democratic patterns of government.

43. School Reports - Research Reports And Papers On Africa - 007-020 Papers On africa Page 21 of 30. Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge by Molefi KeteAsante. the “reservations” of North America’s own indigenous peoples. http://www.essays-termpapers2go.com/categories/007-020.html

school reports Yes!! We DO Have Essays On Your Topic!! All essays listed below are $ /page with SAME DAY DELIVERY!! Bibliography pages are FREE!! Papers On Africa Page 21 of 32 Olaudah Equiano's "Interesting Narrative And Other Writings": Historical Significance send me this paper 2.5 pages in length. As much as the slave narrative of such extraordinary people as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs became an American staple in the nineteenth century, the precursor to this particular type of literary expression was chartered by Olaudah Equiano, an African who, at age ten, was kidnapped to first serve as a British naval officer's slave and then upon various slave ships. Earning enough to ultimately buy his freedom in 1766, Equiano dedicated the rest of his life to becoming an outspoken and highly respected advocate of England's antislavery movement. No additional sources cited. Filename: TLCEquia.rtf send me this paper An 8 page overview of the cultural underpinnings of body piercing and tattoos. The writer provides a brief history, health aspects, and negative and positive concepts about the latest form of body expression. The author argues that these forms of expression are more or less safer than breast implants and more acceptable forms of body alteration. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Filename: Tattoo.wps

44. Slavery: Legacy Debate In The House Of Lords The official record from Hansard of the debate initiated by Lord Gifford QC in the House of Lords of the British Parliament on 14th March 1996 concerning the african reparations. going to africa, slaves going from africa to the colonies, Maori people. Other indigenous peoples have similar just claims been forgotten. The peoples of africa and the Caribbean http://www.arm.arc.co.uk/LordsHansard.html

Slavery: Legacy The official record from Hansard of the debate initiated by Lord Gifford QC in the House of Lords of the British Parliament on 14th March 1996 concerning the African reparations. 9.18 p.m. Lord Gifford rose to ask Her Majesty's Government whether they will make appropriate reparation to African nations and to the descendants of Africans for the damage caused by the slave trade and the practice of slavery. The noble Lord said: My Lords, the Question raises an issue which is being debated with increasing vigour and intensity by African people around the world; and by African people I mean people of African descent, wherever they live, whether in Africa itself, in the United States, in Great Britain or in the Caribbean, where I now live and practise law. The issue is this. The under-development and poverty which affect the majority of countries in Africa and in the Caribbean, as well as the ghetto conditions in which many black people live in the United States and elsewhere, are not, speaking in general terms, the result of laziness, incompetence or corruption of African people or their governments. They are in a very large measure the consequences the legacy - of one of the most massive and terrible criminal enterprises in recorded human history; that is, the transatlantic slave trade and the institution of slavery. The thesis that I advance tonight is that in accordance with international law and with basic human morality, measures of atonement and reparation are due from the successors of those who instigated and carried out the trade and who profited massively from it to the descendants of the victims of the criminal enterprise who still suffer in many different ways from the effects of the crime.

45. Term Papers - Term Papers - Africa - 007-050 Papers On africa Page 51 of 75. Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge by Molefi KeteAsante. the “reservations” of North America’s own indigenous peoples. http://www.papergeeks.com/categories/007-050.html

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46. Handbooks Anchor, 1994. A powerful insight into the impact of foreign cultures on indigenoussociety. asante. Heritage Library of african peoples, West africa. 1996. http://www.isep.org/handbooks/ghana/links.html

Contents Ghana Country Handbook Educational System Before You Go Daily Life ... Past Participants Back to Country Handbook Home BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LINKS Links http://www.lonelyplanet.com/ Web site of the Lonely Planet Guidebooks. http://www.letsgo.com/ Web site of the Let's Go Guidebooks. Bibliography Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Anchor, 1994. A powerful insight into the impact of foreign cultures on indigenous society. Aidoo, Ama Ata. Changes: A Love Story. Feminist Press, 1993. The story of two Ghanian women sorting through issues of polygamy, professional careers, and traditional values. Angelou, Maya. All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes. Vintage Books, 1991. An autobiographical account of Angelou’s trip to Ghana. Ayee, Joseph R. An Anatomy of Public Policy Implementation: The Case of Decentralization Policies of Ghana. Brookfield, VT: Avebury, 1995. Bame, Kawabena. Come to Laugh: African Traditional Theatre in Ghana. New York, NY: L. Barber Press, 1984. Boateng, Faustine Ama. Asante. Heritage Library of African Peoples, West Africa. 1996. Presents a survey of the culture, history, and contemporary life of the Asante people of Ghana.

47. African Holocaust & Diaspora deaths of even greater numbers of indigenous peoples in the Thus, as African peopleswere globally dispersed, they modes of verbal activity (asante and Abarry http://www.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/diaspora.htm

Humanities 211 Prof. Cora Agatucci 6 October 1998 The African Holocaust: (hol e kost), n. 1a. a great or complete slaughter or reckless destruction of life. "The Black Holocaust is one of the more underreported events in the annals of human history. The Black Holocaust makes reference to the millions of African lives which have been lost during the centuries to slavery, colonization and oppression. The Black Holocaust makes reference to the horrors endured by millions of men, women, and children throughout the African Diaspora. In sheer numbers, depth and brutality, it is a testimony to the worst elements of human behavior and the strongest elements of survival." The Black Holocaust: From Maafa to Colonization KAMMAASI / Sankofa Project Guide http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Classroom/9912/blackholocaust.html The African Diaspora: The forced and brutal dispersal of millions of Africans into foreign lands created the African / Black Diaspora.

48. Term Papers - Help Writing College Term Papers On Africa - 007-008 Papers On africa Page 9 of 12. Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge by Molefi KeteAsante. the “reservations” of North America’s own indigenous peoples. http://12000papers.com/categories/007-008.html

Below Are The Results Of Your Paper Search! ANY Of The Following Papers Are Available RIGHT NOW All Reports Are Only $ 9.95/page + FREE Bibliography Just Choose Any Listing Below And Then Click The " SEND ME THIS PAPER " BUTTON Papers On Africa Page 9 of 13 BACK NEXT Olaudah Equiano's "Interesting Narrative And Other Writings": Historical Significance send me this paper 2.5 pages in length. As much as the slave narrative of such extraordinary people as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs became an American staple in the nineteenth century, the precursor to this particular type of literary expression was chartered by Olaudah Equiano, an African who, at age ten, was kidnapped to first serve as a British naval officer's slave and then upon various slave ships. Earning enough to ultimately buy his freedom in 1766, Equiano dedicated the rest of his life to becoming an outspoken and highly respected advocate of England's antislavery movement. No additional sources cited. Filename: TLCEquia.rtf

49. Expo Times the Kongors shapely isolated from the indigenous people, Liberia West African kingdomslike the asante or Hausa or protocol of free movement of peoples of West http://www.expotimes.net/issue001025/Liberia.htm

KEVIN McPHILLIPS TRAVEL The world's sole specialist in travel to and Sierra Leone CLICK HERE for more information GUARDSHIP LTD Money transfer and shipping CLICK HERE for details Shipping, forwarding Air sea freight Money transfer Tel: (020) 7231 9000 Fax: (020) 7231 5657 TransAfrica TEL/FAX: MOBILE CLICK HERE for details INDEPENDENT Sierra Leone, 25 Oct-7 November, 2000 Vol 6 No 17 EXPO TIMES Exposing today for tomorrow RETURN TO HOME PAGE INDEX OF BACK ISSUES ESSAY I s Liberia West Africa's evil empire? Kofi Akosah-Sarpong writes from Ottawa, Canada Liberia, the oldest republic in Africa, is roughly 153 years old. Roughly, the country shaped like human teeth, has been a top newsmaker in West Africa, becoming a den for anarchic vibration, money launderers and drug dealers, and other unAfrican, evil practices. Sierra Leone's Foday Sankoh is a product of the Liberian rebel 'university.' In the book: Criminalization of the State in Africa (1999) we read about the Liberian state increasingly criminalised by the NPFL government via drug trafficking and currency laundering, and where the game is crime is seen as moral despite international laws. Here evil pays, and it is the law. That's the machine for crime. Guinea's Ahmed Toure, elder son of the late President Sekou Toure, who is leading a guerrilla campaign against the President Lansana Conte government, is a graduate of the Liberian rebel school.

50. Book Review: Democracy And Decentralisation In South Asia And West Africa asante, African societies, rich in heritage and material wealth experience to therole of indigenous media in the consent of the African peoples, as Nigeria http://www.expotimes.net/books/Nwosu.htm

KEVIN McPHILLIPS TRAVEL The world's sole specialist in travel to and Sierra Leone CLICK HERE for more information GUARDSHIP LTD Money transfer and shipping CLICK HERE for details Shipping, forwarding Air sea freight Money transfer Tel: (020) 7231 9000 Fax: (020) 7231 5657 TransAfrica TEL/FAX: MOBILE CLICK HERE for details INDEPENDENT Sierra Leone, 8-21 Nov, 2000 Vol 6 No 18 EXPO TIMES Exposing today for tomorrow RETURN TO HOME PAGE INDEX OF BACK ISSUES BOOK REVIEW Reviewer: Kofi Akosah-Sarpong in Ottawa, Canada PUBLIS HER: University Press of America, Inc. 4720 Boston Way, Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA. 2000 PAGES: 463 PRICE: US$61.50 The emerging game in African journalism today is called "Afric-centric journalism." It is African journalism rooted in African culture and history, which models are mixed with the Western ones, which currently dominant African journalism schools. The London, U.K-based New African magazine has done a cover story on this new genre, challenging the dominant Western journalism philosophies and models. Afric-centric journalism sees Africa from African lens first, and any other second. Afric-centric journalism is African value-oriented, helping to enhance the good parts of the African culture and exposing

51. Www.ghana.co.uk - History & Culture with merchants and rulers of North africa and the imposed themselves on many of theindigenous peoples of the has been recorded even among the asante to the http://www.ghana.co.uk/history/history/pre_colonial.htm

Home Discussions History Events ... Religion Pre-Colonial Period By the end of the 16 th Century, most ethnic groups constituting the modern Ghanaian population had settled in their present locations. Archaeological remains found in the coastal zone indicate that the area has been inhabited since the early Bronze Age (ca. 4000 B.C.), but these societies, based on fishing in the extensive lagoons and rivers, left few traces. Archaeological work also suggests that central Ghana north of the forest zone was inhabited as early as 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Oral history and other sources suggest that the ancestors of some of Ghana's residents entered this area at least as early as the tenth century A.D. and that migration from the north and east continued thereafter. These migrations resulted in part from the formation and disintegration of a series of large states in the western Sudan (the region north of modern Ghana drained by the Niger River). Prominent among these Sudanic states was the Soninke Kingdom of Ancient Ghana. Strictly speaking, Ghana was the title of the King, but the Arabs, who left records of the Kingdom, applied the term to the King, the capital, and the state. The 9 th Century Arab writer, Al Yaqubi, described ancient Ghana as one of the three most organised states in the region (the others being Gao and Kanem in the central Sudan). Its rulers were renowned for their wealth in gold, the opulence of their courts, and their warrior-hunting skills. They were also masters of the trade in gold, which drew North African merchants to the western Sudan. The military achievements of these and later western Sudanic rulers and their control over the region's gold mines constituted the nexus of their historical relations with merchants and rulers of North Africa and the Mediterranean.

52. Basil Davidson’s The Black Man’s Burden : Africa And The Curse Of The Nation-S The King of asante refused to attend independence words, the British had frozen theindigenous institutions at the same time robbed colonized peoples of every http://www.entrenet.com/~groedmed/bmb.html

A Review by Derrick Grose, October 20, 1999 . As Achebe describes the process in Arrow of God , they even imposed these structures where they did not exist. Unlike the Japanese who modernized within their own cultural structures after the Meiji Restoration in Japan in 1867 Africans experienced dispossession. The guardians of tradition became the agents of foreign domination and those who wanted to modernize their continent were relegated to the periphery as trouble-makers and, in later years, "Communists." There was no consideration of how an independent, modern African nation should be formed although the foundations for such a nation could have been discovered in African history. sunsum , soul or spirit, of the Asante nation. With this symbol came the development of the Constitution of 77 Laws. This political structure was sufficiently flexible to accommodate a period of expansion while enabling the population of Asante to "participate meaningfully and effectively in politics." (Davidson, 59) Non-Akan subject people retained their own identities (Davidson, 59) but all participated in the Odwira or National Yam Festival. At the same time a sort of representative assembly met reflecting a systemic distrust of power which was "used and abused" in Asante as in other countries. This nation was not unresponsive to "marginal advantage" and resistant to change but it was denied the opportunity to evolve by the disruptions of the slave trade and eventual colonial absorption. There was a rising

53. Untitled Two Dimensional Kuba Textile Design asante Political Expansion Story ArchitectureIslam and indigenous african Cultures History of africa syllabus from Indiana http://cehd.ewu.edu/faculty/ntodd/GhanaUDLP/AfricanCurriculumLinks.html

African Curriculum Links These are links related to African courses that have been taught by UCC visitors at EWU GENERAL INFORMATION ON GHANA Profile of Ghana from the Embassy of the Republic of Ghana in the U. S. GHANA - A Country Study by the U. S. Library of Congress Regional Information on Ghana from USAID News from Ghana Africa Online News of Ghana AFRICAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY Introduction to Peoples and Cultures of Africa People and Cultures of Africa African Politics and International Relations Links to African Cultural Resources ... Baobab Visual Narratives Political Expansion and Creativity in the Asante State Theoretical Essay on Crisis and Creativity Creativity and Two Dimensional Kuba Textile Design Asante Political Expansion Batimalliba Two-Story Architecture Islam and Indigenous African Cultures Shawabtis and Nubia Yoruba Masking Traditions Ife: An Ancient Yoruba City State Akan Social Organization Ashanti Kinship AfricaCulture and Society The Legend of Sundiata, Lion King of Mali ... African Ethnicities AFRICAN HISTORY African History syllabus from Oberlin College History of Africa syllabus from Indiana University History of Tropical Africa from the University of WisconsinLaCrosse Africa in World Perspectives syllabus from the University of Illinois Pre-Colonial Africa syllabus from Allegheny College Colonial Africa syllabus from Allegheny College Comparative Slavery in the Americas syllabus from Allegheney College Links for the History of West Africa African History and Studies links from Boston University

54. Africa - Research Papers On - 007-005 Papers On africa Page 6 of 8. Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge by Molefi KeteAsante. the “reservations” of North America’s own indigenous peoples. http://www.papers24-7.com/categories/007-005.html

ALL Papers Listed Below Are Available TODAY - For Only - /page FREE Bibliography Click The ORDER PAPER Button At The Bottom Of The Screen.. (Or E-Mail Us For A Free 1pg Excerpt Before Buying!) CLICK HERE FOR THE MAIN PAPER LIST Papers On Africa Page 6 of 8 BACK NEXT Olaudah Equiano's "Interesting Narrative And Other Writings": Historical Significance send me this paper 2.5 pages in length. As much as the slave narrative of such extraordinary people as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs became an American staple in the nineteenth century, the precursor to this particular type of literary expression was chartered by Olaudah Equiano, an African who, at age ten, was kidnapped to first serve as a British naval officer's slave and then upon various slave ships. Earning enough to ultimately buy his freedom in 1766, Equiano dedicated the rest of his life to becoming an outspoken and highly respected advocate of England's antislavery movement. No additional sources cited. Filename: TLCEquia.rtf

55. Africa South Of The Sahara - Religion Stanford University Libraries/Academic Information ResourcesCategory Regional africa Society and Culture Religion...... The case studies are asante political expansion twostory architecture, Islam andindigenous african cultures Lwena/Luvale, Lunda and Related peoples of Angola http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/religion.html

Topics Religion Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home African Religion on the Internet See also: History - Religion South Africa - Religion Abuyudaya Jews of Uganda See the Jewish Student Online Research Center: http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/Judaism/uganda.html And a page on how one can support Abuyudaya students , by Karen Primack (Univ. of Baltimore site). http://www.ubalt.edu/www/kulanu/abayudayastudents.html Africa Inland Mission Information on AIM, a missionary organization with over 850 missionaries in 15 African countries. Has a link to the web page of their school in Kenya, the Rift Valley Academy. There is more information provided by the Billy Graham Archives which hold the records of AIM including a history and detailed inventory of AIM's records. They were especially active in Kenya, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, and the Central African Republic. Use the Graham Archives Search to locate additional collections. AIM Archives: http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/081.htm

56. Academic Program | Friends World Program | LIU Japanese legal system; Korean Nationals in Japan; indigenous peoples of Japan; WestAfrica Center (Ghana asante traditional culture is very rich and there are many http://www.southampton.liu.edu/fw/academic/internships.htm

Graduation Requirements Experiential Learning Sample Learning Plans Portfolios of Learning ... Senior Studies Sample Internships and Independent Project/studies each of the Centers China Center East Asia Center Latin American Center South Asian Center (India) ... European Centre (London) China Center Study of martial arts (Wushu, QiGong and Tai Qi) Apprentice with a Chinese traditional massage instructor Teach and/or tutor English in a school Study Korean, Russian, or French language specialist back to top East Asian Centre (Japan) Study of: The Japanese legal system Korean Nationals in Japan Indigenous Peoples of Japan Earthquake Relief Costume Design Haiku Poetry Noh Drama Kyudo Anime back to top Latin American Center (Costa Rica) Study of: Comparative Political systems Tropical and/or Organic Agriculture, Acquaculture and Reforestation

57. Ghana THE PRECOLONIAL PERIOD - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural 1967, 208; and Ivor G. Wilks, asante in the with merchants and rulers of North Africaand the and imposed themselves on many of the indigenous peoples of the http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/ghana/ghana_history_the_precolonial_period.html

HISTORY INDEX Country Ranks Introduction History ... [TOP] Ghana THE PRECOLONIAL PERIOD http://workmall.com/wfb2001/ghana/ghana_history_the_precolonial_period.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies < BACK TO HISTORY CONTENTS Unavailable Figure 2. Asante Expansion and Major European Fortresses in the Eighteenth Century Source: Based on information from Daryll Forde and P. M. Kaberry, eds., West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century , London, 1967, 208; and Ivor G. Wilks, Asante in the Nineteenth Century , London, 1975, 19. By the end of the sixteenth century, most ethnic groups constituting the modern Ghanaian population had settled in their present locations. Archeological remains found in the coastal zone indicate that the area has been inhabited since the early Bronze Age (ca. 4000 B.C.), but these societies, based on fishing in the extensive lagoons and rivers, left few traces. Archeological work also suggests that central Ghana north of the forest zone was inhabited as early as 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Oral history and other sources suggest that the ancestors of some of Ghana's residents entered this area at least as early as the tenth century A.D. and that migration from the north and east continued thereafter. These migrations resulted in part from the formation and disintegration of a series of large states in the western Sudan (the region north of modern Ghana drained by the Niger River). Prominent among these Sudanic states was the Soninke kingdom of Ghana. Strictly speaking

58. Legitimizing Spiritually-centred Wisdoms Within The Academy of African people and other indigenous peoples Kunnie (1998 8 Goduka, IN (1999)indigenous EpistemologiesWays of Knowing In Molefi K. asante and Abdulai S http://www.kk.ecu.edu.au/sub/schoola/research/confs/aiec/papers/igoduka04.htm

Welcome Papers African/indigenous philosophies: Legitimizing Spiritually-centred wisdoms within the academy Ivy Goduka, Central Michigan University Back Up Conclusion As I conclude this journey, I would like to emphasize two major points. First, I caution the reader to appreciate the limitations of writing such an important piece of work. Alas! Only some of the many facets of indigenous philosophies can be discussed in such a short space of time and place without compromising the rich and varied body of spiritually-centred wisdom thriving in indigenous thought. Therefore, indigenous learners and scholars in Africa and around the globe are challenged to engage in extensive research and writing to legitimize indigenous epistemologies in the library, classroom, and wherever other knowledges, sciences and technologies are in existence. Such cultures and experiences have been devalued and denigrated in the academy; even worse, they have been treated as if they never existed. As we enter the next millennium, there is growing anger among indigenes and a desire to engage in what Amadiume (1997) terms

59. African States upon the varieties of yams and cocoyams indigenous to West little about when andhow farming peoples occupied the is now Ghana (see section on asante below). http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/history/giblinstate.html

Introduction: Diffusion and other Problems in the History of African States Professor James Giblin, Department of History, The University of Iowa A discussion of the following African States: Asante Benin Kingdom Luba and Kuba The Yoruba and the States of Ife and Oyo Introduction Historians and archaeologists have learned a great deal about the developments which preceded the emergence of states in Africa. They can now say with confidence that in most cases, Africans developed states in response to local conditions and opportunities. Rarely does the diffusion of ideas from distant sources seem to have been important in bringing about the formation of a state. Today historians do not think that the history of African states is a story of the spread of influences from Egypt, Europe or Asia into the rest of Africa. Instead, the story they see involves African people living in a great variety of locations who use their political skills and wisdom to create for themselves centralized systems of government. Besides learning about the local origins of African states, historians have found that states were most likely to arise in regions endowed with fertile soils, abundant rains, lakes or rivers rich in fish, and mineral deposits, and in societies which enjoyed plentiful opportunities to trade. In fact, the four societies discussed below possessed famous traditions of art precisely because they had productive economies and vibrant commercial systems which allowed artists and craft workers freedom from scarcity, and provided access to metals, woods, clays and other media. Finally, historians have also learned that African states created sophisticated institutions of government, although, as has been true in all human societies, greed and love of power have often caused political instability and social crisis. The following sections, therefore, concentrate on the local conditions which led to the creation of states and the creation and destruction of political institutions.

60. Religion In Ghana - Precolonial Period imposed themselves on many of the indigenous peoples of the to speak the languagesof the peoples they dominated has been recorded even among the asante to the http://atheism.about.com/library/world/AJ/bl_GhanaPreColonial.htm

zfp=-1 About Agnosticism/Atheism Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Agnosticism/Atheism with Austin Cline Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Skepticism, Philosophy, Logic, Fallacies Church / State Separation Evolution vs. Creationism ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Religion in Ghana Precolonial Period Religion Links Religious Freedom Reports Religion in the World What is Religion? Site Resources Main Site Index What is Atheism? Arguments for / against Gods Evolution vs. Creationism ... Book Reviews Chat Room There are people chatting now... Join them! Discussion Forum Do you have an opinion about this page? Make it known on the Discussion Forum By the end of the sixteenth century, most ethnic groups constituting the modern Ghanaian population had settled in their present locations. Archeological remains found in the coastal zone indicate that the area has been inhabited since the early Bronze Age (ca. 4000 B.C.), but these societies, based on fishing in the extensive lagoons and rivers, left few traces. Archeological work also suggests that central Ghana north of the forest zone was inhabited as early as 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Oral history and other sources suggest that the ancestors of some of Ghana's residents entered this area at least as early as the tenth century A.D. and that migration from the north and east continued thereafter

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