61. Astronaut Training astronaut William S. McArthur Jr. and the astronauts who lived on the Mir space station)study at Star City, the Russian cosmonaut training facility outside of http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/Cirr/SS/L2/Training.htm

Astronaut Training Astronaut candidates on the KC-135 'vomit comet' "For ev ery pass I caught in a game, I caught a thousand in practice." -Don Hutson Entry Requirements To become an astronaut, you must either be a test pilot, a scientist, or an engineer. Commanders and pilots for the Space Shuttle are test pilots who have graduated from either the Air Force or the Navy and have at least 1,000 hours of jet aircraft experience. Astronaut Mamoru Mohri of the Japanese Space Agency in training Astronauts are selected approximately every two years. From about 4,000 applicants, only about 20 are accepted at one time. Many astronauts have applied several times before being selected. Any adult man or woman in excellent physical condition who meets the basic qualifications can be selected to enter astronaut training. Pilot astronauts need better vision than mission specialists. If you are interested in becoming an astronaut, it is important that you do well on standardized tests such as the SAT and ACT so that you are accepted to an accredited university. An accredited university is an educational institution, that has been recognized as maintaining standards which qualify graduates for admission to higher, or more specialized, institutions or professional practice.

62. Shuttle Mir astronaut Norman E. Thagard in a cosmonaut space suit in the training SimulatorFacility at the Gagarin cosmonaut training Center (Star City). http://aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov/HAS/Cirr/SS/L3/SHUTTMIR.HTM

Phase 1 Shuttle Mir "Men who have worked together to reach the stars are not likely to descend together into the depths of war and desolation." - U.S. Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson, addressing the U.N. General Assembly, 1958 Shuttle-Mir Phase 1 was a NASA program encompassing 11 Space Shuttle flights over a four-year period from 1995 to 1998. Its goal was to build joint space experience and start joint scientific research. It was called Phase 1 because it was the first phase in the International Space Station (ISS) project. Phase 2 is the first part of the construction process of the ISS. American astronauts lived on board the Mir space station with the Russian cosmonaut crews for up to 6 months at a time. The missions were highlighted by crew exchange and re-supply trips from the Space Shuttle to the Mir station. NASA learned how to successfully dock the Shuttle with the Mir, which was advantageous to our knowledge of docking techniques and systems that we are now using with the ISS. Cosmonaut Valeri Korzun and Astronaut John Blaha A fire and a spacecraft crash during Phase 1 helped NASA learn ways of coping with emergency situations and helped lead to new training methods, safety precautions, emergency procedures, and structural and design concerns for use on the ISS.

63. CollectSPACE - Guest Essay venture into this collecting category, but those who do collect autographs of everyonewho has undergone official astronaut or cosmonaut training, whether or http://www.collectspace.com/resources/autographs_theothers.html

News announcements, articles, and interviews Resources guides written by collectors for collectors Sightings when and where astronauts will be near you buySPACE marketplace for collectors to acquire memorabilia Directory register and find others with collections like yours Messages trade experiences and tips with other collectors Websites related space memorabilia websites The editor's collection. Autographs who's who in space: the first 25 years of space exploration Books galleys, drafts, and advanced reading copies Hardware space flown fragments and complete artifacts Medallions flown coins and those minted with flown metal Philatelics first day ceremony programs and flown stamps What About The Other 350? by Bob McLeod Bob McLeod revisited the below article for the May/June issue of Autograph News In addition to adjusting his count to reflect the astronauts and cosmonauts who have flown since his column was first published, he also dug into his own extensive collection to illustrate the article with scans of several prized autographs. Though this newly revised article would normally only be accessible to AN subscribers, their editors have generously made

64. Biography-at-a-glance:Valentina Tereshkova astronaut Biographies cosmonauts. 125 aircraft before she jumped out of the Vostok6. What began as a hobby led to her selection for cosmonaut training and her http://www.nauts.com/bios/cosmonaut/tereshkova.html

Return to biographies menu Astronaut Biographies: Cosmonauts Y. Gagarin A. Leonov O. Makarov S. Savitskaya ... Feature: Yuri Gagarin's Visit to Manchester Gagarin received an extremely warm reception in Manchester three months after becoming the first man in space. In this article, Francis French also discusses the political and social benefits of his visit. Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 ... Page 5 Valentina Tereshkova Missions: Vostok 6 Valentina Tereshkova parachuted out of over 125 aircraft before she jumped out of the Vostok 6 . What began as a hobby led to her selection for cosmonaut training and her achievement of becoming the first woman in space. Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 in Maslennikovo, near Yaroslavl in western Russia. Her father was a tractor driver, and her mother worked in a textile plant. Tereshkova began school at age eight, but withdrew to work in the textile plant at age 16. She continued her education through correspondence courses. During this time, she parachuted as a hobby. When Tereshkova was selected for the Soviet space program in 1962, she became the first person to be recruited without experience as a test pilot. Her selection was instead based on her parachuting skills.

65. Biography-at-a-glance: Yuri Gagarin Gagarin began cosmonaut training after graduating with honors from the Soviet Air Itcame one month before American astronaut Alan Shepard's suborbital flight http://www.nauts.com/bios/cosmonaut/gagarin.html

Return to biographies menu Astronaut Biographies: Cosmonauts Y. Gagarin A. Leonov O. Makarov S. Savitskaya ... Feature: Yuri Gagarin's Visit to Manchester Gagarin received an extremely warm reception in Manchester three months after becoming the first man in space. In this article, Francis French also discusses the political and social benefits of his visit. Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 ... Page 5 Yuri Gagarin Missions: Vostok 1 On April 14, 1961, the Soviets cheered and celebrated, parading through Moscow's Red Square. They gathered around the Lenin Mausoleum to see Premier Nikita Krushchev congratulate Yuri Gagarin on a job well done. Two days earlier aboard Vostok 1, Gagarin lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome to become the world's first person in space. Gagarin was born the son of a carpenter on March 9, 1934. He grew up on a collective farm in Saratov, part of the Volga region west of Moscow, later renamed Gagarin City. He attended a local school for six years and then continued his education at vocational and technical schools. Gagarin began cosmonaut training after graduating with honors from the Soviet Air Force in 1957. He was one of 20 fighter pilots chosen to be a part of the first group of cosmonauts. In 1959, these men underwent intense medical examination and preparation for travel into the unknown. However, it would be Gagarin who the Soviets dubbed the "Columbus of the Cosmos."

66. EAC had to be found to improve the situation in the Russian cosmonaut training Centreand of tools and systems in the areas of medical support, astronaut and family http://esapub.esrin.esa.it/annuals/annual95/eac95.htm

EAC Mission Assignments of ESA Astronauts The year was a very satisfactory one for ESA with the mission assignments of T. Reiter and C. Fuglesang to Euromir 95, C. Nicollier and M. Cheli to the TSS-1 mission on Space Shuttle flight STS-75, planned for 1996, and P. Duque to the LMS-1 mission on STS-78, also foreseen for 1996. With the post-flight activities of U. Merbold and J.-F. Clervoy, who flew on Euromir 94 and on STS-66/atlas-03, all ESA astronauts were fully engaged in training and post-flight activities during 1995. Thomas Reiter in his Russian EVA suit during the Euromir 95 mission Astronauts Christer Fuglesang (left) and Thomas Reiter (right) training with a Russian Extra Vehicular Activity suit Training and Support Activities In view of the expanding operations in Russia and the USA, the EAC support infrastructure was extended, and where necessary further developed, during the year. Specific solutions had to be found to improve the situation in the Russian Cosmonaut Training Centre and, in close cooperation with ESOC, to improve audio, video and electronic-mail communications between the local office and the other ESA establishments. Within EAC, growing experience led to the further development of a number of tools and systems in the areas of medical support, astronaut and family support, and training. Specific progress was made in the development of the software for the onboard Crew Support Computers and in the Astronaut Training Database (knowhow which was subsequently exploited during the Euromir 95 project). Technical work at EAC concentrated on further development of the Astronaut Training Database System, with a view to future distributed training operations, and on the development of a new distributed computer-based training system. The use of advanced technology for astronaut training was embarked upon by participating in a virtual-reality training experiment in cooperation with NASA, which demonstrated the feasibility of jointly training two astronauts working at different locations in Europe and the USA.

67. Astronaut astronaut, crew member on a US manned spaceflight mission; the Soviet term is cosmonaut. andmental standards, and they undergo rigorous training. http://www.factmonster.com/ce5/CE003427.html

Encyclopedia astronaut astronaut, crew member on a U.S. manned spaceflight mission; the Soviet term is cosmonaut. Candidates for manned spaceflight are carefully screened to meet the highest physical and mental standards, and they undergo rigorous training. The early astronauts had all previously been test pilots, but later astronauts have included scientists and physicians, journalists, and politicians. As far as is possible, all conditions to be encountered in space are simulated in ground training. Astronauts are trained to function effectively in cramped quarters while wearing restrictive spacesuits; they are accelerated in giant centrifuges to test their reactions to the inertial forces experienced during liftoff; they are prepared for the physiological disorientation they will experience in space arising from weightlessness ; and they spend long periods in isolation chambers to test their psychological reactions to solitude. Using trainers and mock-ups of actual spacecraft, astronauts rehearse every maneuver from liftoff to recovery, and every conceivable malfunction and difficulty is anticipated and prepared for. In addition to flight training, astronauts are required to have thorough knowledge of all aspects of space science , such as celestial mechanics and rocketry. Concurrent with all other preparation, astronauts must maintain excellent physical condition. Manned spaceflight began on Apr. 8, 1961, when the Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbited the earth. Other prominent cosmonauts included Vladimir Komarov, commander of the first Voskhod spacecraft, Alexis Leonov, first man to walk in space, and Valentina Terechkova, first woman cosmonaut. Prominent American astronauts include Alan B. Shepard, Jr., who made a suborbital flight on May 5, 1961; John H. Glenn, Jr., who was the first American to orbit the earth; Neil A. Armstrong, Jr., Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins, the crew of the Apollo 11 spacecraft that first landed on the Moon in 1969; and Sally K. Ride, America's first female astronaut.

68. FOXNews.com astronaut wannabes can also witness a shuttle launch for $1,150 orgo through simulated cosmonaut training for up to $6,995. And http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,54478,00.html

Adventures in Space — for a Price Wednesday, June 05, 2002 By Catherine Donaldson-Evans If you’ve ever longed to be an astronaut, floating weightless and catching a glimpse of Earth from outer space, a Washington, D.C.-area company can make your dream come true – as long as you have the bucks. OAS_AD('Middle'); Space Adventures, a private company based in Arlington, Va., sends its patrons on $5,400 zero-gravity flights, where they experience brief bouts of weightlessness, and edge-of-space excursions costing up to $12,995 that let them see the curvature of the earth. Astronaut wannabes can also witness a shuttle launch for $1,150 or go through simulated cosmonaut training for up to $6,995. And if they have $20 million and at least six months to train, they might be able to blast off on an orbital flight to the International Space Station like entrepreneur Dennis Tito did last year. "The era of space tourism has begun," said Eric Anderson, president and CEO of Space Adventures. "Space is back in." The company is building an FAA-certified aircraft that can take passengers on $98,000 sub-orbital flights starting in 2005 – where they’ll travel to an altitude of 62 miles, experience several minutes of weightlessness and see Earth from outer space before returning home to earn their astronaut wings.

69. NASA Says No Decision Made On Astronaut's Role In Mir Spacewalk space officials differed publicly Wednesday over whether NASA astronaut Mike Foale beentraining for the spacewalk at the Gagarin cosmonaut training Center in http://archive.nandotimes.com/newsroom/nt/717MIRHNS.html

NASA says no decision made on astronaut's role in Mir spacewalk Return to the special report main page HOUSTON U.S. and Russian space officials differed publicly Wednesday over whether NASA astronaut Mike Foale will replace cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliev on a spacewalk to restore electrical power on the damaged Mir space station. The U.S. space agency was close to a decision, however, that would at least permit the 40-year-old American to rehearse a spacewalk aboard Mir. The Russians ruled out participation by Tsibliev, 43, who has been ordered to rest. He is under treatment for an irregular heartbeat that was disclosed earlier this week. Speaking from their ground control facility in suburban Moscow, Russian officials appeared to race ahead of U.S. officials Wednesday by suggesting they already had a commitment for Foale to train and likely replace Tsibliev. The four- to six-hour spacewalk, postponed because of Tsibliev's health problems, could be conducted as early as next Wednesday, the Russians said. Without ruling out such an unprecedented role for an American in Russian space station operations, officials of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration insisted Wednesday they had agreed only to consider Foale's participation.

70. Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | ESA Astronaut To Fly Soyuz To Space Station Al whose homebase is the European astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany. In August 2001,De Winne took up training at the Gagarin cosmonaut training Centre (GCTC http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0112/01dewinne/

ESA astronaut to fly Soyuz to space station Alpha EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY NEWS RELEASE Posted: December 1, 2001 Astronaut Frank De Winne. Photo: ESA ESA astronaut Frank De Winne, a Belgian member of the European Astronaut Corps, has been assigned to fly to the International Space Station (ISS) in November 2002 on a Russian Soyuz launcher. He will be flight engineer on a "taxi flight", a 10-day mission with the main purpose of exchanging the Soyuz capsule, which is permanently docked with the Station to serve as a rescue vehicle, if needed. A substantial scientific experimental programme will also be conducted during the mission, including experiments led by Belgian scientists. This assignment is one of the results of the agreement for European astronauts to fly to the ISS on Russian Soyuz launchers during the period 2001 to 2006, signed by ESA Director General Antonio Rodotý and the Director General of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos), Yuri Koptev, early this year. The mission is receiving strong support from the Belgian government, and in particular from the Commissioner for scientific policy, Yvan Ylieff. The agreement, which also makes provision for "increment flights", crew exchange flights which may require the astronauts to stay on board the Station for up to 3-4 months, is an important step in the development of operational expertise by the European Astronaut Corps before commencing intensive utilisation of the ISS for scientific research, Earth observation, technology development, materials science and human physiology experiments, with the launch of ESA's Columbus laboratory in 2004.

71. Astronaut - Wikipedia One could reasonably argue that cosmonaut is simply the well as Mercury and Gemini,the only astronaut to fly in a fire on the launch pad during training.). http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmonaut

72. Bomis Search Results: Yuri Gagarin Our handson training makes you feel like a real cosmonaut. www.cosmonautadventures.com. 10.astronaut - cosmonaut Memorial - Colonel Yuri A. Gagarin Bio. http://www.bomis.com/searchring.fcgi?request=Yuri Gagarin&src=bomis_wiki

73. ESpaceLotto.com -- Prize - training activities will be conducted at the Yuri Gagarin cosmonaut training Centerin The Neptune will be capable of placing two astronautpilots and four http://www.espacelotto.com/prizes.htm

Our lottery More about us Lottery Space Prizes Orbital Space Vacation Prize eSpaceLotto.com has created a global space tourism lottery program whereby Hollywood celebrities, sports figures, Olympians, politicians can train with ten ordinary people in a variety of 16-day space training programs. Would you like to be part of a sixteen-day space training program with a Hollywood celebrity, sports figure, Olympian, politician, news journalist ? It begins with a request and maybe that celebrity, sports figure, Olympian, politician... will inquire. Even Ted Nugent can receive a free 16-day space training program and experience a new thrill of his life! Space tourism is a giant step towards helping all mankind. Lance Bass is not the only person who is subjected to the lack of space tourism funding either. The space tourism problem has been a total lack of funding, as we have all now witnessed! Yet, it can become a $100 Billion Industry, greater than the Internet Industry! With the eSpaceLotto.com global space tourism lottery game, your space dreams have a chance. "It is better to have a chance, than no chance at all. It is better to have a reserved seat, than no seat at all." The eSpaceLotto project is being placed into the court of public opinion. If you wish for your state, province or country lottery organization to offer this program your voice must be heard. The sooner your voice is heard the sooner you will be able to participate. Journey to the eSpaceLotto website and

74. ARRLWeb: ESA Astronaut Wraps Up Successful ARISS School Contacts DeWinne, who joined the European astronaut Corps in January 2000, is an accomplishedmilitary pilot. He trained at the Gagarin cosmonaut training Centre in http://www.arrl.org/news/stories/2002/11/08/2/?nc=1

75. CNN - Astronaut Lucid Set For Cultural Changes Aboard Mir - Mar. 22, 1996 stay aboard Russia's Mir space station took astronaut Shannon Lucid to a weightlessnesssimulating airplane and to the Russian cosmonaut training center for http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9603/shuttle/22/lucid_profile/

Astronaut Lucid set for cultural changes aboard Mir March 22, 1996 Web posted at: 10:40 a.m. EST From Correspondent John Holliman (CNN) Training for her 142-day stay aboard Russia's Mir space station took astronaut Shannon Lucid to a weightlessness- simulating airplane and to the Russian cosmonaut training center for months at a time. The 53-year-old biochemist has learned as much as any American about the Russian space station. And as she prepared to set up housekeeping there, her big worry was language. "That has been the all-consuming (task), what has taken up all our time," she said. "I don't think anybody has a concept of how difficult that is." Since all Mir's control panels are in Russian, knowing the language when an alarm sounds will be important to her. But perhaps even more important as she prepares to live on Russian-prepared food with cosmonauts who speak almost no English will be isolation from her family and from her culture. "I told my family on pain of dire consequences that every night I expect them to send an E-mail message," she said. ( 170K AIFF sound or 170K WAV sound Besides getting daily E-mail from her husband and three grown children, Lucid will have regular news updates. She watched CNN International while training in Russia, and has made arrangements to watch CNNI broadcasts live on a regular basis. (

76. Astronaut/Cosmonaut Homepage First thing, Definitions astronaut A person who has been cosmonaut - A person whohas been launched into about Dennis Tito, since his training was cosmonaut http://pages.prodigy.net/pxkb94ars/Astro_Main.htm

Home Page of the Astronaut and Cosmonaut Database Welcome to my Personal Database of Astronauts and Cosmonauts who have flown into space and people who were accepted as Astronauts and Cosmonauts but didn't fly in outer space. This database only contains information on the flights that the Astronauts and Cosmonauts flew or to which were assigned. There is no biographical information in this database right now. First thing, Definitions Astronaut - A person who has been launched into outer space by the United States. In this database, all Americans launched into outer space and foreigners launched on the Space Shuttle. This database also follows the practice of calling the Russian passengers aboard the Space Shuttle cosmonauts. Cosmonaut - A person who has been launched into outer space by either the Soviet Union or Russia. For the purpose of this database, the Russian space program inherited the Soviet space program after the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union. The cutoff flights between Soviet flights and Russians flights are Soyuz TM-13 and Soyuz TM-14. Foreigners launched on the Soyuz spacecraft are also called cosmonauts. The three Americans launched on the Soyuz were called astronauts. I am uncertain about Dennis Tito, since his training was cosmonaut training, and flew into space without NASA's help. Outer Space - The beginning of outer space starts at about 100 km attitude.

77. Astronaut - Cosmonaut Memorial- Michael J. Smith Bio NASA EXPERIENCE Michael J. Smith was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASAin May 1980, he completed a 1year training and evaluation period in August http://kidsastronomy.miningco.com/library/weekly/blmembio18.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Space/Astronomy Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Space/Astronomy with Nick Greene Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Free Sky Maps Free Virtual Space Greeting Cards Astronomy/Space Calendar ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Michael J. Smith NAME: Michael J. Smith (Captain, USN) PERSONAL DATA: Born April 30, 1945, in Beaufort, North Carolina. Died January 28, 1986. He is survived by his wife, Jane, and three children. Michael Smith enjoyed woodworking, running, tennis, and squash. EDUCATION: Michael J. Smith graduating from Beaufort High School, Beaufort, North Carolina, in 1963; Michael J. Smith received a bachelor of science degree in Naval Science from the United States Naval Academy in 1967 and a master of science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in 1968. SPECIAL HONORS: The Defense Distinguished Service Medal (posthumous), Navy Distinguished Flying Cross, 3 Air Medals, 13 Strike Flight Air Medals, the Navy Commendation Medal with "V", the Navy Unit Citation, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry with Silver Star.

78. Astronaut & Cosmonaut Addresses Name of astronaut) NASAJSC astronaut Office Mail Code at the following address (CosmonautName) Lyotchik Cosmonavt Yuri Gagarin training Centre 141 http://community-2.webtv.net/STEVE272/AstronautCosmonaut/

A B C D ... HOME Here you will find autograph addresses for American Astronauts and Russian Cosmonauts. Many still sign through the mail for free, (but sadly a lot are autopenned) You can write to any active Astronaut at the following address, (see list below for current active Astronauts): (Name of Astronaut) NASA-JSC Astronaut Office Mail Code CB 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, Texas 77058-3696 Altman, Scott D. - Shuttle Commander Anderson, Michael P. - Shuttle Mission Specialist, (Killed Columbia Crash) Ashby, Jeffrey S. - Shuttle Commander Bloomfield, Michael J. - Shuttle Commander Bowersox, Kenneth D. - Shuttle Commander, ISS Commander Brown, David M. - Shuttle Mission Specialist, (Killed Columbia Crash) Burbank, Daniel C. - Shuttle Mission Specialist Cagle, Yvonne D. - Shuttle Mission Specialist Caldeiro, Fernando (Frank) - Shuttle Mission Specialist Camarda, Charles J. - Shuttle Mission Specialist, ISS Flight Engineer Carey, Duane G. - Shuttle Pilot Chawla, Kalpana - Shuttle Mission Specialist, (Killed Columbia Crash) Chiao, Leroy - Shuttle Mission Specialist, ISS Commander

79. :::ORBITAL SPACE FLIGHT::: fly to the International Space Station without having to be a career astronaut orcosmonaut to Star City for a tour of the Yuri Gagarin cosmonaut training Center http://www.rit.edu/~mxn5759/orbital.htm

Orbital Space Flight contact us! Now, you can qualify to fly to the International Space Station without having to be a career astronaut or cosmonaut. If you have the determination, resources, and can meet the requirements you may be invited to join the elite group of space explorers. Orbital Qualifications Program: $200,000 per person International Space Station Flight: $20,000,000 per person Your orbital qualifications program (OQP) includes: full cosmonaut medical certification chartered zero gravity flight MiG-25 supersonic flights neutral buoyancy and Soyuz spacecraft training NOMEX flight suit and leather flight jacket all transfers, meals, tours, and executive suite accommodations at the five-star Sheraton Palace Hotel VIP processing, guides, staff support and interpreters OQP Prerequisites: Current medical history and documentation prior to medical exam Medical certification from physician for MiGs and Zero Gravity flights Diving certification for neutral buoyancy Details: Participants must be availabile for two weeks of medical examination and training in Moscow.

80. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION commander, instructor, test cosmonaut of the Gagarin cosmonaut training Center),an Italian citizen Roberto Vittori (flight engineer, ESA astronaut), and a http://www.energia.ru/english/energia/iss/soyuz-tm-34/photo_archive-tm34.html

EXPEDITION THREE (ISS-4) PHOTOARCHIVE THIRD RUSSIAN VISITING CREW 05/05/2002 Korolev, Moscow Region. The crew of the third Russian visiting mission to the International Space Station (ISS) - a Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gidzenko (the Soyuz spacecraft commander, instructor, test cosmonaut of the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center), an Italian citizen Roberto Vittori (flight engineer, ESA astronaut), and a citizen of the Republic of South Africa Mark Shuttleworth (space flight participant) - has returned to Earth in the descent vehicle of the Soyuz TM-33 spacecraft after completing a 10-day mission program. Photo-report from the landing site 04/27/2002 Korolev, Moscow Region. Being launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome on 25 April 2002, the Russian Soyuz TM-34 manned transport spacecraft docked to the International Space Station (ISS). At 11:55:51 Moscow summer time (7:55:51 UTC) the spacecraft docking assembly came into contact with the port of the ISS Functional Cargo Block Zarya.

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