21. Chapter 2 Outline- Atoms, Ions, Molecules Chapter 2 Outline atoms, ions, molecules. Key words Atomic number; Atomicmass; Isotopes; Bonds Covalent; Ionic; Hydrogen; Van der Walls forces; http://www.fiu.edu/~rollerb/Chapter2Outline.htm

Chapter 2 Outline- Atoms, Ions, Molecules Key words: Atomic number Atomic mass Isotopes Bonds Covalent Ionic Hydrogen Van der Walls forces Polar Non-polar Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Solutions Solute Solvent Molarity pH Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids DNA RNA Nucleotides ATP cAMP

22. Atoms, Molecules & Ions Name_ atoms, molecules ions. DIRECTionsCircle the answer that best completes each statement. http://users.rcn.com/fvirzi/chtest1.shtml

DIRECTIONS: Circle the answer that best completes each statement. 1. The elements whose symbols are P, C, and N are (a) potassium, cadmium, and nickel. (b) potassium, carbon, and nitrogen. (c) phosphorus, calcium, and neon. (d) phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen. a b c d 2. The elements whose symbols are Mg, Ba, and Pt are (a) manganese, barium, and plutonium. (b) mercury, beryllium, and polonium. (c) magnesium, barium, and platinum. (d) mendelevium, bromine, and protactinium. a b c d 3. The symbols of bromine, oxygen, and sulfur are (a) Br, O, and S. (b) Br, Ox, and Sr. (c) B, O, and S. (d) B, Ox, and Sr. a b c d 4. H SO O . (c) The formula of hypochlorous acid is HClO. (d) The formula of phosphoric acid is H PO Co and the cation is either Fe or Fe can have the formulae (a) O Fe or Fe O (b) FeO or FeO (c) Fe O or Fe O (d) Fe O or FeO a b c d 10. The formulae of compounds which contain no other ions other than K , Sr , Br or O can include (a) SrBr (b) KBr (c) SrO (d) KO O and H O (b) Al (c) Li (d) S , SO , and CO are: (a) nitrite, sulfate, and carbonate (b) nitrate, sulfoxylate, and carboxide (c) nitrohydride, sulfotrioxylate, and oxocarbonium (d) ammonium, sulfite, and carbonate a b c d 18. Yttrium-90 is a radionuclide which is being studied for use in the treatment of cancer. Which of the following describes the

23. Atoms, Molecules, Water, And PH atoms, molecules, Water, pH. ions are atoms with electrons added or removedresulting in an overall positive or negative charge. http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/atom-h2o.htm

Atoms, Molecules, Water, pH We need to start with a little chemistry because living organisms are made of and use chemicals. Individual substances are called elements , substance which cannot be broken down or subdivided by ordinary chemical means. We recognize about 105 or 106 elements. About 92 are natural and the rest are man-made. These are things like oxygen, sulfur, carbon, copper, etc. Each element has a symbol made of the first letter or two of its name. Some are from the old Latin names: sodium = natrium, iron = ferrum, potassium = kalium. Of the 92 naturally-occurring, four of these make up about 96% of all living matter. These are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, and the name COHN can help you remember these. Another 21 are needed in smaller amounts in order to live and stay healthy. One piece, one particle of an element is an atom a unit of matter or the smallest possible amount of an element. Two or more atoms can bond together to form a molecule . Often the compound thus formed has properties quite different from the elements in it. For example, sodium (Na), an extremely reactive, nearly explosive metal, and chlorine (Cl), a toxic gas combine to form sodium chloride (NaCl), which is common table salt.

24. Atoms, Molecules, And Ions atoms, molecules, and ions. 9/4/98. Click here to start Return to Previous Screen.Table of Contents. atoms, molecules, and ions. Dalton’s Atomic Theory. http://www.chem.uncc.edu/faculty/murphy/1251/slides/C12/

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Click here to start Return to Previous Screen Table of Contents Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Dalton’s Atomic Theory Law of Multiple Proportions The Structure of Atoms ... Name That Compound Author: Michael Murphy Email: mmurphy@email.uncc.edu Other information: Figures and animations are copywrited by the Prentice-Hall Publishing Company, Upper Saddle River, NJ Download presentation source

25. Atoms, Molecules, And Ions Slide 1 of 32. http://www.chem.uncc.edu/faculty/murphy/1251/slides/C12/sld001.htm

26. Glossary: T Trigonal pyramidal geometry A geometry in which a central atom at the apex of apyramid is coordinated to three atoms, ions or molecules to form a pyramid. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/glossary/t.html

Glossary of Chemical Terms T t-RNA: Transfer RNA. The relatively small polynucleotide that carries amino acids and recognizes the codon on m-RNA that specifies the amino acid to be incorporated at a particular point on a protein chain. T-shaped geometry: A molecular geometry whose shape resembles the letter T. Tacticity: Literally, arrangement or system. Used to describe the arrangement of substituents on a polymer chain. See atactic isotactic , and syndiotactic Temperature: An intensive property that measures the extent to which an object can be labeled "hot" or "cold." Tertiary structure: The interactions between the side chains on amino acids in a protein that help determine the structure of the protein. Tetrahedral complex: A complex in which four ligands are bound to the metal atom and arranged toward the corners of a tetrahedron. Tetrahedral hole: A hole in a closest-packed structure surrounded by four atoms or ions arranged toward the corners of a tetrahedron. Tetrahedron: A geometry that resembles a trigonal-based pyramid. Tetravalent: Literally, able to form four bonds. Carbon is tetravalent because it forms four bonds in virtually all of its compounds.

27. Definition Of Terms tool, which enables chemists armed with nothing more than a table of atomic weightsand a balance to determine the number of atoms, ions or molecules in a http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch3/massmol.html

Definition of Terms Atomic Mass Isotopes Atomic Weight The Mole ... Converting Grams Into Moles Atomic Mass The units in which the mass of an atom are expressed are atomic mass units . At one time, the lightest atom was assigned a mass of 1 amu and the mass of any other atom was expressed in terms of this standard. Today atomic mass units are defined in terms of the C isotope, which is assigned a mass of exactly 12.000... amu. Isotopes Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, such as the Ne and Ne isotopes of neon or the Cl and Cl isotopes of chlorine. Atomic Weight The atomic weight of an element is the weighted average of the atomic masses of the different isotopes of an element. Naturally occurring carbon, for example, is a mixture of two isotopes, C (98.89%) and C (1.11 %). Individual carbon atoms therefore have a mass of either 12.000 or 13.03354 amu. But the average mass of the different isotopes of carbon is 12.011 amu. Molecular Weight The molecular weight of a compound is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecules that form these compounds.

28. Molecular Physics Laboratory - Research And Development In Laser Sensors And Dia SRI's Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry group has a worldwide reputation for its fundamental and applied research in collisional and radiative processes involving ions, atoms, and molecules. http://www.sri.com/psd/physics/index.html

Search: PSD only PSD Programs Applied Mechanics Applied Physical Sciences Laboratory Fracture Mechanics ... MicroSystems Engineering Center Molecular Physics Laboratory MPL Staff Product Development Staff Research Area Index ... Facilities SRI's Molecular Physics Laboratory provides government and commercial clients with fundamental and applied research in areas involving laser sensors and diagnostics, mass spectroscopy, and atmospheric processes. The laboratory operates a Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program , providing undergraduate students with summer research opportunities. Our team's experience includes: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics : Aeronomy, chemical kinetics modeling , high temperature air chemistry Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Small molecular spectroscopy , collisional energy transfer, laser scattering, medical diagnostics Combustion Flame diagnostic methods , optical sensor, combustion chemistry models , flame emission in microgravity Mass Spectroscopy Single-particle composition metal impurities in silicon surface analysis , combinatorial chemistry Trace species monitoring Jet-REMPI continuous emission monitor , speciated Hg, toxic metals, dioxin detection Innovative Technologies Jet-REMPI : A combination of three technologies, supersonic nozzles, resonant laser ionization, and time of flight mass spectrometry to provide unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity

29. Lawrence Central - Ad Chem - Atoms Molecules Ions atoms, molecules and ions. 8) atoms and molecules (lecture notes). 9)ExamSurvival Guide Matter, atoms and ions, molecules and compounds. http://www.msdlt.k12.in.us/lawrencecentral/AdChem/Chap2/atoms, molecules and ion

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Power Point Presentation (Schulenborg) Note to students: Be sure to click on the icon in the lower right of the first slide to get a "full screen" with complete control of animation and sound! PowerPoint - Nuclear Power Point Presentation (Zumdahl) Adobe Acrobat Reader Internet Connections Interactive Quiz [ OSU ]: Atoms, Molecules Applets: Periodic Table, Nomenclature, Protons-Electrons-Neutrons, etc. Atomic structure: historical models PowerPoint: Evolvement of Model of Atom and Particles of Atom Notes: Introductory Concepts/Terms Periodic Table Crook's tube (lecture notes) Atoms and molecules (lecture notes) Exam Survival Guide: Matter, Atoms and Ions, Molecules and compounds Online Text: Atomic - Molecular - Theory Atomic Theory of Matter: John Dalton Atomic Theory of Matter: The Modern Theory Periodic Chart of the Elements: Empirical Chart The Chemical Nature of Atoms PowerPoint: Atoms, Molecules and Ions [ ASU ] Moseley: "The High Frequency Spectra of the Elements" The History of Chemistry Avogadro Arrhenius Dalton Priestley Gay - Lussac This page was last modified on September 03, 2002

30. Atoms, Elements, Molecules, Compounds, And Ions The subscripts following the atoms give us the ratios of atoms in these molecules. Cationsare positively charged ions atoms that have lost electrons. http://cator.hsc.edu/~mollusk/ChemArt/atoms.html

THE ELEMENTS A note for my students on this "chapter": In this opening segment you will find quite a few fundamental definitions and concepts. These are necessary to the many of the pages that follow. If you do not study these carfully enough, your progress will be hampered later on. Even if you have had a boatload of chemistry before, you still should read this section carfully either as a review or to pick up new concepts. Matter and the Elements Matter is what we call all that stuff of which the universe is made. Curiosity about the nature of this stuff seems to be a common trait in humans: People in each culture always seem to put what they observed about the universe into a context that not only explains what is already known but also helps to make new observations and events understandable. One such contextual framework for the world begins with the idea that all of the substances in our world are made up of fundamental parts or elements You all probably have some vague familiarity with the Hellenistic (Ancient Greek) elements: earth, air, fire, and water

31. ATOMS, MOLECULES & IONS CHEMISTRY. atoms, molecules ions. Published Jul 90. For further evaluationsof software plus any updates to this package visit the http://www.liv.ac.uk/ctichem/2atoms.html

C H E M I S T R Y Published Jul 90. For further evaluations of software plus any updates to this package visit the alphabetical listing of reviews commissioned by the CTI Centre. Description A series of six revision/reinforcement/self teaching programs on aspects of particulate theory. Simple graphics are used in conjunction with chemical symbols to illustrate simple ideas of chemical classification and kinetic behaviour. A file catalogue program (covering other BCHEM software and users' own in put) is included. Author Supplier BCHEM (8 St Matthews Road, Kettering, Northants, NN15 5HE) Date/Version Price Hardware BBC `B' or MASTER, colour or monochrome monitor. Software DFS Type of Package Computer Assisted Learning, Exam etc Preparation, Instruction, Teaching Aid. Intended Audience School Level up to 16 years old, School Level up to 18 years old Area of Application Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Summary (range: * is poor to ***** is good) Ease of use.......... **** Ease of Learning.......... *** Documentation Quality.......... ***

32. The Chemistry Of Art And Artifacts 65. Chemistry atoms, ions and molecules acids and bases. solubility and solventsmolecular structures. Chemistry atoms, ions and molecules acids and bases. http://www.carleton.ca/~dwiles/Art_and_Artifacts/outline.htm

The Chemistry of Art and Artifacts 65.470A Fall Term, 1998 Don Wiles There will be 24 lectures of 90 minutes, scheduled to accommodate the greatest number of students. This will likely be in the late afternoon. Occasional visits to nearby institutions would be at the convenience of the Institution, and might not fall neatly into normal class periods. This is not a course in conservation, but gives the material science leading up to the need for preservation and conservation. The course would presume some highschool chemistry, or a willingness to study up on some of the principles. Data, information and tutorials could be made available on the Internet, either in a Chat account or on a Web page. I will be freely available for extra tutorials and additional help. Subject to the wishes of the class, final grades could depend on one or two term papers. A textbook : The Chemistry of Art and Artifacts, by Donald R. Wiles, is recommended. It will be available from me, for a cost of $20, including GST. Lecture options The following selections of topics are suggestions only, and the course can be designed to suit a majority of student interests. It might be possible to combine some of these options.

33. Atoms, Molecules, And Ions existing as collections of electrically charged particles like sodium chloride ions.They occur as electrically neutral combinations of atoms called molecules. http://chemistry.mtu.edu/PAGES/COURSES/CHLEC/CH1110/TEXTBOOK/chapter02.html

34. Tutorial Disorder: What Is Disorder? Disorder. A crystal is a potentially endless, threedimensional, periodicdiscontinuum built up by atoms, ions or molecules. Because http://shelx.uni-ac.gwdg.de/~peterm/tutorial/do-what.htm

Disorder A crystal is a potentially endless, three-dimensional, periodic discontinuum built up by atoms, ions or molecules. Because of the periodicity, every object is regularly repeated in the three-dimensional space; i.e. every asymmetric unit has exactly the same orientation and conformation as its neighbor to the left, the right, the top, the bottom, the front, and to the back. However, an ideal crystal does not exist; in any real crystal there are several lattice defects and/or impurities. Frequently, parts of molecules (or in some extreme cases whole molecules) are found in more than one crystallographically independent orientation. One can distinguish three cases: more than one molecule per asymmetric unit twinning disorder In the case of disorder the orientations of the molecules differ randomly in the different unit cells. The structure determined from the diffraction pattern is the spatial average over the whole crystal. In by far the most cases disorder only affects small parts of molecules like organic side chains or SiMe -groups. Another typical example is the

35. COTW02 Chem 12 Concept of the Week. Chapter 2 atoms, molecules, and ions. TextbookChemistry, Fourth Edition Steven S. Zumdahl Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997. http://www.yk.psu.edu/~jhb3/cotw02.htm

36. CHEMISTRY I: ATOMS AND MOLECULES d) Ne; e) N; The chemical bond between water molecules is a a pH of 7 has _ timesmore H ions than a bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms is a http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM1.html

CHEMISTRY I: ATOMS AND MOLECULES Table of Contents Atoms Electrons and energy Chemical Bonding Chemical reactions and molecules ... Back to Top Most of the Universe consists of matter and energy . Energy is the capacity to do work. Matter has mass and occupies space. All matter is composed of basic elements that cannot be broken down to substances with different chemical or physical properties. Elements are substances consisting of one type of atom , for example Carbon atoms make up diamond, and also graphite. Pure (24K) gold is composed of only one type of atom, gold atoms. Atoms are the smallest particle into which an element can be divided. The ancient Greek philosophers developed the concept of the atom, although they considered it the fundamental particle that could not be broken down. Since the work of Enrico Fermi and his colleagues, we now know that the atom is divisible, often releasing tremendous energies as in nuclear explosions or (in a controlled fashion in) thermonuclear power plants. Subatomic particles were discovered during the 1800s. For our purposes we will concentrate only on three of them. The

37. Solutions Such behaviour is quite general high solubility requires that the interactionbetween the atoms, ions or molecules in the dissolving solid be replaced by http://www.molecularuniverse.com/Bound/bound8.htm

SOLUTIONS Like melting, the process of dissolving is commonplace; yet, like melting, it is quite remarkable. We are all familiar with the fact that a hard crystalline solid like salt, when placed in contact with water, apparently disappears in a short space of time; the crystalline structure breaks up and the atoms enter into the water. How and why does this process occur? And how do the atoms behave once they have dissolved? More puzzles soon arise when we start to think more closely about dissolving and solutions. Salt, for example, dissolves in water, but it will not dissolve in petrol; camphor (used in moth balls) dissolves, however, quite easily in petrol but not in water. While crystal like diamond and silicon will not dissolve in any liquid. So what controls whether a solid dissolves and in what it dissolves? Let s consider more carefully the example of salt dissolving in water. We recall that salt (sodium chloride) has a simple crystal structure in which positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions are stacked together in a regular array. The electrical interactions between the positive and negative ions means that they are strongly bound at their sites in the crystal. To break up the crystal requires a large amount of energy; or the energy of interaction between the ions must be replaced by some other form of interaction. The latter is the key to understanding what happens when the ions dissolve in water; the interaction between the ions in the solid is replaced by the interaction between the ions and the water molecules in the solution. Water is a

38. BC Education -Chemistry 11 And 12 - Atoms, Molecules, And Ions (Nomenclature) Grade 11 atoms, molecules, And ions (Nomenclature). This sub-organizercontains the following sections Prescribed Learning Outcomes http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/irp/chem1112/ch115.htm

Grade 11 - Atoms, Molecules, And Ions (Nomenclature) This sub-organizer contains the following sections: Prescribed Learning Outcomes Suggested Instructional Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies Recommended Learning Resources PRESCRIBED LEARNING OUTCOMES It is expected that students will: write chemical symbols for elements and formulae for ions from appropriate charts name the ionic compound from a formula, and write the formula given a name name the covalent compound from a formula using the prefix naming system, and write the formula given a name predict the formulae of covalent compounds given the formula of another compound containing elements in the same family (families) write the names and formulae for some common acids SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES By learning chemical nomenclature - a systematic method of assigning names to chemical compounds - students are able to avoid memorizing thousands of names of compounds. Students are given a list of common names for compounds (e.g., wood alcohol, baking soda, aspirin) and research the chemical names and formulae. Prior to explaining a method for naming compounds, provide students with listings of chemical formulae and corresponding names and give them an opportunity to develop groupings (e.g., based on prior knowledge, analysis of commonalities). After a few minutes they should be prepared to explain and defend their groupings. Then demonstrate a method of naming ionic and binary covalent compounds.

39. BC Education -Chemistry 11 And 12 - Atoms, Molecules, And Ions (Classification) Grade 11 atoms, molecules, And ions (Classification). This sub-organizercontains the following sections Prescribed Learning Outcomes http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/irp/chem1112/ch114.htm

Grade 11 - Atoms, Molecules, And Ions (Classification) This sub-organizer contains the following sections: Prescribed Learning Outcomes Suggested Instructional Strategies Suggested Assessment Strategies Recommended Learning Resources PRESCRIBED LEARNING OUTCOMES It is expected that students will: describe a substance as having a set of unique and identifiable properties classify a given material as an element, compound, or mixture, using the properties of the material describe several ways that substances may be separated from one another relate the observable properties and characteristics of elements, compounds, and mixtures to the concept of atoms and molecules define atom, molecule, and ion SUGGESTED INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES Students observe common materials and classify them as elements, compounds, and mixtures. In doing so, they develop the ability to recognize general patterns that tie ideas together-an ability that frees students from learning many individual facts. Students discuss or demonstrate various ways to separate mixtures by physical means. Demonstrate how to distinguish between mixtures and compounds. For example, in a mixture of black iron filings and yellow powdered sulphur, the iron is separated using a magnet; once the mixture has been heated, the compound formed (iron sulphide) is grey and is not attracted to a magnet.

40. Kennedy Space Center Corrosion Technology Testbed -- Why Metals Corrode The Nature of Matter. atoms. ions. molecules. Acids and Bases. atoms Allmatter is made of atoms composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. http://corrosion.ksc.nasa.gov/html/electrochem_nature.htm

Skip Navigation Links Select a Destination.... NASA Home Page KSC Home Page KSC Labs and Testbeds Shuttle Photo Archive Shuttle Mission Archive Telephone: Fax: E-mail Mail: Corrosion Technology Testbed YA-F Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899 The Nature of Matter Atoms Ions Molecules Acids and Bases Atoms: All matter is made of atoms composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center, or nucleus, of the atom is composed of positively charge protons and neutral neutrons. The outside of the atom has negatively charged electrons in various orbits. This is shown schematically in the picture to the right where the electrons are shown orbiting the center, or nucleus, of the atom in much the same way that the planets orbit the sun in our solar system. All atoms have the same number of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged). Therefore all atoms have a neutral charge (the positive and negative charges cancel each other). Most atoms have approximately the same number of neutrons as they do protons or electrons, although this is not necessary, and the number of neutrons does not affect the identity of the element. The number of protons (atomic number) in an atom determines which kind of atom we have, and the atomic mass (weight) of the atom is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (the electrons are so small as to be almost weightless).

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