21. Endangered Isn't Forever formally change its status from endangered to threatened. the world, was recently emergency listed as endangered. to extinction, and Indiana bats continue to http://www.conservation.state.mo.us/conmag/2002/12/40.htm

Click to Enlarge The bald eagle is one of the state's and the nation's most visible recovery stories. Endangered Isn't Forever by Craig Ten Brink photography by Jim Rathert You've probably seen the bumper stickers that say "extinction is forever!" but endangered isn't forever. We hear so much about extinction and endangered species today that sometimes the problem seems hopeless. If we take a close look at what is being done to protect some species, however, we see that, unlike extinction, endangered doesn't have to be forever. Perhaps the most famous example of species recovery is the bald eagle. The bald eagle became endangered across most of this country because of habitat loss, poisoning and pesticides, especially DDT which caused birds to lay eggs with shells so thin that they often broke before the young could hatch. DDT has been banned in the United States, and it is illegal to harm bald eagles. With the help of reintroduction programs, the bald eagle has made a comeback across the country, and nowhere has its recovery been more remarkable than in Missouri. Not only do thousands of eagles spend the winter in Missouri, but an increasing number nest along Missouri lakes and rivers. In 1984, no eagles were known to nest in Missouri, but in 2001 as many as 116 eagles were raised from 59 different nests in the state. In 1995, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service changed the federal status of the bald eagle from endangered to threatened. In 2000, the agency was on the verge of removing it from the threatened list.

22. Endangered Species In Big Bend NP census techniques must be developed to better interpret the status of these bats. Theseefforts apply to all endangered and threatened species listed http://www.nps.gov/bibe/endangered.htm

Endangered Species in Big Bend National Park We humans may be too successful. In expanding over the earth, we have extinguished many forms of life and threatened the existence of still others, greatly accelerating the natural rate of extinction. This weakens the system on which all life depends and impoverishes the quality of our life. Fortunately, many countries and groups are taking steps to stop this loss. The National Park Service's role is to provide undisturbed habitat in the United States where all species, including endangered ones, can continue to exist, subject only to the forces of nature. There have been successes, in parks and elsewhere, and this is a symbol of hope. For it signifies that we can stop the worldwide slide of extinction that we started. The effort to halt human-caused extinctions in the United States is guided by the Endangered Species Act of 1973 . This act defines an " endangered species " as any plant or animal species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. A "

23. North Cascades National Park: Threatened And Endangered Species threatened species plants and animals whose numbers are very low or decreasingrapidly They are not endangered now, but are likely to become so in the bats http://www.nps.gov/noca/treas7.htm

North Cascades Threatened and Endangered Species GLOSSARY biodiversity (biological diversity) : the variety of life on Earth. It refers to the genetic diversity within a species, the variety of the species themselves, and the varieties of ecosystems. The greater the diversity or variety there is in a system, the greater the strength and stability the system has over the long run; diversity strengthens the potential of a population to cope with, or respond to, changes in the environment candidate species : plants and animals for which enough scientific information exists to warrant a proposal for listing as endangered or threatened The candidate designation can be thought of as a population that is teetering on the edge of a critical illness and is being carefully watched; the population is closely monitored to determine if they need to be included on the state or federal threatened or endangered species lists. These populations are not stable, and, in some cases the viability of that species is in question carnivore : an organism that eats only meat. The gray wolf and salmon are examples of carnivores

24. US Fish Wildlife Service Southeast Region Fern Cave NWR Fern Cave itself is by special use permit only, due to the potential for disturbanceof federally endangered Indiana and gray bats and threatened American Hart http://ferncave.fws.gov/

Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge Tuck Stone Refuge Manager 2700 Refuge Headquarters Road Decatur, AL 35603 FAX: (256) 340-9728 E-mail: wheeler@fws.gov Directions to Refuge Fact Sheet Refuge Facts Established: 1981. Acres: 199. Complex headquarters: Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge Decatur, AL. Location: the refuge is located 20 miles west of Scottsboro and 2 miles north of Paint Rock in Jackson County, AL. Natural History Fern Cave Refuge consists of 199 acres of upland hardwoods and limestone outcroppings. The hillside contains five hidden entrances to the massive cave which has numerous stalactite and stalagmite filled rooms. Fern Cave provides protection and habitat for three federally listed threatened or endangered species: gray bat, Indiana bat, and American Hart’s-tongue fern. More than one million gray bats hibernate in Fern Cave as do several hundred Indiana bats. An American Hart’s-tongue fern collection and propagation project is currently underway in efforts to produce plants to be re-introduced to natural sites. Contains significant paleontological and archaelogical sites.

25. Southwestern Bats - References roosts and community diversity of Nearctic bats. Journal of Mammalogy 56321­346.US Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. endangered and threatened wildlife and http://biology.usgs.gov/s t/SNT/noframe/sw161r.htm

26. Forest Watch -- Saving And Re-creating Wild Forests, Advocating For Wilderness I on Indiana bats January 2001 Fact Sheet by Forest Watch (html). Forest Watch'sScoping Comments on Green Mountain NF threatened and endangered Species Plan http://www.forestwatch.org/library.php?keywords=indiana

27. Arizona State Parks endangered and threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The http//endangered.fws.gov/i/a/saa7r.html.Melton CD, 1999, bats and Hummingbird Feeders http://www.pr.state.az.us/kartchner/batsimpact.html

Arizona State Parks Possible Impacts for Park Bats with Mixed Use Development of Whetstone Springs Parcel Rickard S. Toomey, III, Ph.D. Mixed use commercial development of the Whetstone Springs parcel has the potential to negatively impact the bats of Kartchner Caverns State Park, as well as other, protected, species of bats which inhabit the vicinity of the Caverns. The Whetstone Springs parcel is located in the southeast quarter and the south half of the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 24 T18S R19E, immediately adjacent to Kartchner Caverns on its northwest boundary. Several species of bat found at Kartchner Caverns State Park are vulnerable to potential impacts of development in the area of the park. These include two nectar-feeding bats (the lesser long-nosed bat and the Mexican long-tongued bat) and the insectivorous cave myotis. Both of the nectar-feeding species have been afforded protected status. All three of these species are found in the park. The cave myotis and the Mexican long-tongued bat are known to roost in caves on the park. Both of the nectar-feeding bats depend greatly on agave plants as a food source (in particular on Agave palmeri in the area of the park).

28. [E] In Brief -- Learning To Love Bats (Jan-Feb 2003) But bats are still in trouble Of the 45 North American species, morethan half are endangered or threatened. The main problem is http://www.emagazine.com/january-february_2003/0103ib_bats.html

Search emagazine.com: CLICK HERE TO ORDER A FREE TRIAL ISSUE OF E MAGAZINE! archive ... home Volume XIV, Number 1 January-February 2003 CONTACT Bat Conservation International Tel: (512) 327-9721 IN BRIEF Learning to Love Bats By Elaine Robbins On summer nights at dusk in Austin, Texas, people gather like hobos under the Congress Avenue Bridge. Children run around while their parents sit on blankets. What’s the attraction: an ongoing fireworks extravaganza? No, it’s the nightly emergence of the largest urban bat colony in North America. People let out a collective “aaah” as some 1.5 million Mexican free-tails fly out like an unfurling black ribbon, heading for dinner in the farm fields and Hill Country of central Texas. Flying at up to 60 miles per hour, they’ll cover 100 miles a night, returning to their roost before dawn. Each bat will consume up to 1,200 mosquito-sized insects per night; the entire colony will eat 10,000 to 30,000 pounds of insects—saving farmers from using tons of pesticides. In the 1980s, when the creatures first moved under the bridge, horrified citizens demanded that the colony be eradicated. But Bat Conservation International (BCI) launched a campaign that turned public attitudes around. Bats now get all the insects they can eat and Austinites get nearly mosquito-free backyard barbecues.

29. Biodiversity Catalogue | Animals | Bats bats, version 2.0. This new brochure series profiles various wildlife species classifiedas red listed (endangered or threatened) or blue listed (vulnerable http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/biodiv/animals-bats.htm

Home Page About the Catalogue How to Order Subject Index ... General Animals: General Invertebrates Fish Birds ... Flowering Plants Ecosystems General Interpretation Stand Dynamics Landscape Ecology General Environmental Education and Stewardship ... Miscellaneous Animals Bats Bat Research in the West Arm Demonstration Forest Documents a long-term project examining the effects of forest harvesting on bats. J. Craig; 1994; MoF-Nelson; 3 pp.; technical; Research Summary; confirm price; 21.5x28 cm; available from: NELSON FOREST REGION ; ORDER CODE: RS-013 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/nelson/Research/SUMMARY/Index.htm Bats and Forests Symposium Presents 23 symposium papers related to the biology of bats in forest ecosystems. Topics covered include roosting, foraging, and the effects of forest harvesting. R. M. Barclay, R.M. Brigham, eds; 1996; MoF, Research Program; 292 pp.; technical; Working Paper; confirm price; 21.5x28 cm; available from: GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS OR http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Wp/Wp23.htm

30. Horse Butte's Endangered And Threatened Critters Info on endangered And threatened Species on Horse Butte. proposed for listing asa threatened species. Pikas, rabbits, voles, porcupines, bats, otters, skunks http://www.wildrockies.org/buffalo/politico/especies.html

Horse Butte is traditional winter buffalo range as well as habitat to many threatened and endangered species as well as sensitive plant species The Horse Butte Bison Capture Facility proposes to have Annual Operation from November 1 through April 30 In 1998, the Montana Department of Livestock violated the Eagle Closure while hazing...what's to say they won't do it again and again and affect the eagles even more? (see video clip here of violation and haze) This will affect Threatened and Endangered Wildlife as well Sensitive Plant Habitat Please include points about these specieswhen expressing your concerns about the use of public lands on the Horse Butte Peninsula. A personal letter is more effective and be sure and include your full name and physical address in any email correspondence. Info on Endangered And Threatened Species on Horse Butte A wildlife closure area was established for the protection of wildlife, including bald eagles on approximately 75 acres along the south end of Horse Butte. This closure was initiated in 1993 and prohibits any human entry from December 1 to August 15 annually. The capture facility is located within 1/2 mile of the bald eagle nesting site. The 24 hour a day activities sound like they would impact wildlife to many. Please refer to

31. Endangered Species Unit For Elementary Classrooms of bats protected under the endangered Species Act. THE RAPTOR CENTER at Universityof Minnesota Information about birds of prey, endangered/threatened birds http://www.northcanton.sparcc.org/~greentown/endspec.htm

Factsheets and News Releases on Threatened and Endangered Species Factsheets and news releases from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), SeaWorld/Busch Gardens (SW/BG), and EE-Link. (In parentheses after each entry find the initials of the original source). National Wildlife Federation - Kids Corner Where can you find information on endangered and threatened species? Right here, at Kid's Information Central! This site includes a crossword puzzle to solve, an online game to test your knowledge, "Creature Features" (information on various endangered animals), and links to other sites. Endangered Species Reports from Schoolworld Read reports from students around the world on endangered mammals, birds, reptiles, and other animals. Reports include photos of the animals and suggestions for helping them. Webshots Photo Collections The Webshots Photo Collections is brought to you by the popular search engine, Excite. Look here for wonderful color photographs of many endangered species. You can even set the photos as wallpaper for your computer desktop! American Museum of Natural History Take an exhibition tour of the world of endangered species. Find out what it means to be endangered by reading the "The Legend of the Meeps Island Flying Frog". Featuring the following endangered species: Bengal Tiger, Asian Elephants, Northern Spotted Owl, Karner Blue Butterfly, American Burying Beetle, Goliath Frog, Cheetah, Whooping Cran, American Peregrine Falcon, Bald Eagle, California Condor, Black Rhinoceros, African Wild Dog, Gray Wolf, American Bison, Gila Monster, Queen Conch, Delhi Sands Fly, Woodland Caribou and etc.

32. British Bats bats in Britain. Which Species are found here. Lesser horseshoe Rhinolophushipposideros, endangered. Daubenton's Myotis daubentonii, Not threatened. http://www.bats.org.uk/batinfo/

Home About Us Help Us News ... Vacancies Bats in Britain Which Species are found here There are 16 resident species of bat in Britain, making up a third of our land mammal species. For most species, more detailed information is just a click away. Species Name UK Conservation Status Greater horseshoe Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Endangered Lesser horseshoe Rhinolophus hipposideros Endangered Daubenton's Myotis daubentonii Not Threatened Brandt's Myotis brandtii Endangered Whiskered Myotis mystacinus Endangered Natterer's Myotis nattereri Not Threatened Bechstein's Myotis bechsteinii Rare Greater mouse-eared Myotis myotis Extinct Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus Not Threatened Pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus Not Threatened Nathusius's pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii Rare Serotine Eptesicus serotinus Vulnerable Noctule Nyctalus noctula Vulnerable Leisler's Nyctalus leisleri Vulnerable Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus Rare Brown long-eared Plecotus auritus Not Threatened Grey long-eared Plecotus austriacus Rare Last update April 2003

33. Thebat.html The result could prevent some of our cave and mine-roosting bats fromjoining the ranks of threatened and endangered species. Patricia http://www.designsby3.com/mammon/thebat.html

THE MAMMON MINE California Leaf-Nosed Bat - Macrotus californicus Wingspread: 13 Inches. Weight: 0.42 oz. Description: Small bat, body about 3 3/8" to 3 5/8" long, with a 13" wingspan. Gray to dark brown fur above with pale fur below. Large ears, erect triangular leaf shape on nose. Range: Found from southern California to western Arizona and southern Nevada, down into Mexico. Habitat: Likes desert scrub areas, roosts by day in caves, abandoned mines and tunnels. Occurs in small numbers, rarely seen. Diet: Various insects, mostly crickets, grasshoppers, moths, beetles and the occasional caterpillar. Behavior: Excellent nightvision and hearing, can see insects by starlight and hear a cricket's footsteps. Females form nursery colonies of between 100 to 500 individuals. Bears a single young each year in May or June. Doesn't hibernate so is restricted to warmer climates and underground roosts. Emerges late in the evening, not an early riser. Well-adapted to its arid habitat, has never been seen drinking water. A medium size bat with large ears and a "leaf" on its nose, the California leaf-nosed bat lives year-round in Arizona in the Sonoran and Mohave desertscrub vegetation types throughout wester, southern and central Arizona south of the Mogollon Rim. Its range extends south to the Caribbean Islands, Guatemala and Mexico. These bats roost primarily in caves and mines and apparently do not hibernate or migrate. The California leaf-nosed bat feeds primarily upon large night-flying beetles, moths and grasshoppers taken in flight. They also feed on insect larbae taken from vegetation or the ground.

34. New York Partners For Fish And Wildlife Program, Threatened And Endangered Speci Restoration of threatened and endangered Species Habitat, the protection of one ofthe most important wintering areas for six species of bats, including the http://newyorkpartners.fws.gov/ny3e.html

New York State Partners for Fish and Wildlife What is PFW? Restoration Projects Accomplishments Contact Us ... Other Projects Restoration of Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Indiana Bat Click on photos to enlarge. Endangered Indiana bat colony. Construction of bat gate. Karner Blue Butterfly Click on butterfly photo to enlarge. The New York Field Office's Partners for Fish and Wildlife program assisted in the creation of endangered Karner blue butterfly habitat on lands managed at Camp Saratoga by Twin Rivers Council, Inc., Boy Scouts of America. The Partners program worked with property manager Larry Gordon to reclaim unsuitable habitat for the Karner blue in Saratoga County, New York. Approximately 13 acres were restored by cutting white pine trees, removing the stumps and other unwanted vegetation and planting the area with wild blue lupine. Lupine is essential in the life cycle of Karner blues. After removal of unwanted vegetation that reduced the competition, the wild blue lupine has had a 95% survival rate! Observations have verified that Karner blues are now utilizing the restoration site. The Partners program erected a high tensile wire fence to protect the planted areas from human intrusion. Prepared site for planting wild blue lupine.

35. Lubee The Lubee Foundation Inc. was established in 1990 for the purpose of promoting theconservation of endangered and threatened species of Old World fruit bats. http://www.lubee.com/p1.htm

LUIS F. BACARDI BAT CONSERVATION AND RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM Research Proposal Guidelines The Lubee Foundation Inc. was established in 1990 for the purpose of promoting the conservation of endangered and threatened species of Old World fruit bats. Lubee's goals are: ( 1 ) Promote basic and conservation research on captive bats as models for the conservation of threatened and endangered species. ( 2 ) Make the facilities and collections of animals housed at The Lubee Foundation, Inc. available to the scientific community for research purposes. ( 3 ) Promote the interaction and collaboration among members of the scientific and zoo communities to enhance conservation efforts. ( 4 ) Initiate and promote when possible in-situ programs for the conservation of Old World bats. ( 5 ) Utilize its animal collections to (1) work in conjunction with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) approved institutions to establish captive breeding programs under the guidelines of the Species Survival Plan (SSP) and (2) supply zoological parks and living museum specimens for purposes of education through exhibition. Investigators are encouraged to conduct research at The Lubee Foundation, Inc. facilities and in the field that will ultimately contribute to the conservation and sound management of wild populations.

36. Faculty And Staff of endangered and threatened mammals; home range, movements, and activity patternsof mammals; migration, orientation, navigation, and homing of bats; ecology http://www.tntech.edu/biology/faculty.html

Department of Biology Faculty and Staff Background and Research Interests FACULTY Andrews, Hollings T. , Ph.D., University of Kansas, 1967. Associate Professor. Research interests: developmental morphology; systematics; ecology of algae. Current research: developmental morphology of freshwater algae; algal floristics of the Upper Cumberland; seasonal and diurnal variations in phytoplankton and benthos; studies on euryhaline algae; physical limnology. Ballal, S.K. , Ph.D., University of Tennessee, 1964. Professor. Research interests: plant cell biology. Current research: tissue culture and cellular biology. Berk, Sharon G. , Ph.D., University of Maryland, 1978. Professor. Research interests: Legionella -protozoa interactions; efficacy of cooling tower biocides against bacteria and protozoa; occurrence of human pathogens in amoebae; presence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in cooling towers. Current research: detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria associated with amoebae from natural and man-made habitats; range of potential protozoan hosts for pathogenic Legionella species.

37. Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Sources Of Information About Endangered, Threatened, A It raises and distributes funds for research on bats, provides posters organizationsthat support programs to save threatened and endangered wildlife. http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/endsp8.htm

Sources of Information about Endangered, Threatened, and Recently Extinct Vertebrates This section includes prime governmental sources and a sampling of national and international organizations that publish newsletters, pamphlets, and provide educational materials on the subject of endangered species. For additional sources see the Conservation Directory published by the National Wildlife Federation, in this section. PRIME GOVERNMENTAL SOURCES U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Department of the Interior 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 840 Arlington, VA 22203 Web site for The Endangered Species Program: http://endangered.fws.gov The Office of Endangered Species supplies information on migratory birds, fish hatcheries programs, and specific marine mammals such as the Dugong, Manatee, Polar Bear, Walrus, and Sea Otter. The web site offers links to species fact sheets on endangered and invasive species It distributes the U.S. List of Endangered and Threatened Species and publishes the Endangered Species Technical Bulletin , (website: http://endangered.fws.gov/bulinfo.html

38. WDNR - Wildlife Research Projects etc.) Small Mammals (mice, voles, bats, ground squirrels Birds Herptiles Invertebrates Plants endangered and threatened Species Monitoring http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/es/science/project/wildlife.htm

Integrated Science Services Wildlife Research Projects Deer Bear Wolf Furbearers (beaver, otter, mink, coyote, raccoon, etc.) ... Monitoring and Surveys Deer Evaluation of deer population monitoring and management system Bear Currently no research projects at this time Wolf Impacts of highway development in wolves Furbearers (beaver, otter, mink, coyote, raccoon, etc.) Wisconsin Statewide Small Mammal Inventory Small Mammals (mice, voles, bats, ground squirrels, etc.) Wisconsin Statewide Small Mammal Inventory Landscape scale management of Northwest pine barrens Comparison of old-growth and managed forest communities Private lands habitat development for pheasants, ducks, and cottontails ... Ecologically sustainable agricultural systems Waterfowl Sustainability for Northern inland lakes: Wildlife habitat and human-use values Resident Canada goose distribution, abundance, and harvest Canvasback status and habitat management Duck ecology in northern Wisconsin ... Evaluation of landscape management in the habitat restoration area program Turkey Currently no research projects at this time Upland Game Birds (pheasant, ruffed grouse, woodcock, etc.)

39. WDNR - Non-Game Species Information NonGame Species. threatened and endangered Species List Does not includenatural communities and special concern species. bats! http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/er/non_game.htm

Non-Game Species Threatened and Endangered Species List Does not include natural communities and special concern species. On-Line Publications of Interest Avoiding and Treating Timber Rattlesnake Bites Bat House Plans Bats! How to Evict Bats from Your Home ... Administrative Rule NR 10 Game and Hunting - Protected wild animals (includes species not designated as endangered or threatened) Timber Rattlesnake Canada Lynx Last Modified: Monday December 23 2002 Top of Page Home Search Feedback ... http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/

40. Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants; Proposal atmospheric conditions; abandonment of the cave by animals, including bats, thatinhabit the time the species is determined to be endangered or threatened. http://legalminds.lp.findlaw.com/list/epa-species/msg00487.html

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposal To epa-species2@valley.rtpnc.epa.gov From envsubset@epamail.epa.gov Date Wed, 30 Dec 1998 10:57:48 -0500 (EST) Reply-To epa-species2@valley.rtpnc.epa.gov Sender epa-species2@valley.rtpnc.epa.gov [DO CID:fr30de98-35 Partial thread listing: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposal (continued) envsubset envsubset Notice of Receipt of Application for Endangered Species envsubset Possible follow-ups envsubset envsubset

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