41. UNIVERSITY OF BENIN PMB 1154, benin City, Nigeria. Geomorphology; Urban and regional Planning. (d) Departmentof history Professor/Associate Professor; Senior Lecturer; Lecturer I. http://www.uniben.edu/advert/positions.htm

P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria VACANCIES FOR ACADEMIC POSTS INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ADVERTISEMENT Qualification and Experience Method of Application Applications are invited from suitably qualified candidates for the following vacant academic positions in the University. FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (a) Department of Accounting Professor/Associate Professor Senior Lecturer Lecturer I/II Areas of Specialization Managerial Accounting Auditing Taxation Computer Application in Accounting (b) Department Economics and Statistics Professor/Associate Professor Senior Lecturer Lecturer I/II Areas of Specialization International Trade and Finance Human Capital Econometrics (c) Department of Business Administration Senior Lecturers Lecturer I/II Areas of Specialization Quantitative Techniques in Business Decision Making Marketing Behavioural Science Finance Human Resources Management (d) Department of Geography and Regional Planning Professor/Associate Professor Senior Lecturer Lecturer I/II Areas of Specialization Geomorphology Urban and Regional Planning (e) Department of Political Science and Public Administration Professor/Associate Professor Areas of Specialization Public Administration (f) Department of Sociology and Anthropology Professor/Associate Professor Senior Lecturer Lecturer I/II Areas of Specialization Cultural Anthropology (Professor/Associate Professor) Social Work/Social Administration (Professor/Associate Professor) Social Psychology Sociological Theories Research Methods Sociology of Development

42. Africa Scout Region history of Scouting in Africa. This was first done at a regional Seminarin benin (then Dahomey) where new avenues were explored. http://www.scout.org/africa/region/History.html

History of Scouting in Africa supporting better Scouting for more young Africans Back to home page Regional Committee Subcommittees Regional Executive Staff ... Milestones of World Scouting Scouting has always been closely related to Africa and African cultures since its inception. The first time The Founder of Scouting thought that boys could make good Scouts and actually trained them as Scouts was in Mafikeng in South Africa. And it is here in Africa that he and his wife decided to remain forever! 2. When African countries became independent, the situation started changing. New African Scout Associations were formed and became members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). Formation and admission were as fast as the wave of independence was spreading throughout the continent. The problem of literature, other Scout materials and particularly badges remained predominant. Communication was not easy, as there was an obvious diversity in languages used in the same country. 3. In 1970, thanks to the strong financial support of the then Honorary Chairman of the World Scout committee, William (Bill) D. Campbell, Community Development was introduced as a new and particularly significant element of Scouting. This was first done at a Regional Seminar in Benin (then Dahomey) where new avenues were explored. Following this seminar and again thanks to Bill Campbell, new ideas were disseminated throughout the Scout Movement on the basis of the experience gained in Africa.

43. Embassy Of The Federal Republic Of Nigeria It was a trading post between the benin Kingdom and the Portuguese until confluencewith the Cross River, which has a long history as the regional port of http://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/history.shtml

HISTORY AND PEOPLE NIGERIA Much has been said and written about Nigeria, her people and culture, economy and politics, that sheds light on the tremendous potential of this African Giant. However, little is known to the outside world about the many exciting tourist attractions available in Nigeria: Historic sites nestled amid rivers and rain forests, breathtaking mountain vistas, remote creek villages, miles of pristine beaches and exotic national wildlife reserves. There are also museums, festivals, music and dance, a rich cultural melange right down to everyday traditional markets. These are just some of the spectacular sights and sensual delights awaiting the traveler to Nigeria. Nigeria has the largest population of any country in Africa (about 120 million), and the greatest diversity of cultures, ways of life, cities and terrain. With a total land area of 923,768 sq. km. (356,668 sq. mi.) Nigeria is the 14th largest country in Africa. Its coastline, on the Gulf of Guinea, stretches 774 km (480 mi.). Nigeria shares its international border of 4,470 km (2513 mi.) with four neighbors: Chad, Cameroon, Benin, and Niger. Until 1989 the capital was Lagos, with a population of about 2,500,000, but the government recently moved the capital to Abuja. CLIMATE AND WEATHER Nigeria lies entirely within the tropics yet there are wide climactic variations. In general, there are two seasons, dry and wet, throughout Nigeria. Near the coast, the seasons are less sharply defined. Temperatures of over 900F are common in the north, but near the coast, where the humidity is higher, temperatures seldom climb above that mark. Inland, around the two great rivers, the wet season lasts from April-Oct. and the dry season from Nov.-March. Temperatures are highest from Feb-April in the south and MarchJune in the north; they're lowest in July and Aug. over most of the country.

44. The Nigerian Embassy - History benin Empire soon became the largest of the political 1920s is, in a sense, the historyof movement the country into three regions with regional assemblies and http://www.nigerianembassy-moscow.ru/nigeria/xhistory.html

Home Embassy Consular Defence ... Contact HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT Long before colonial rule, the peoples of Nigeria had established their own indigenous system of government. The various ethnic groups in Nigeria had different patterns of government. The Hausa-Fulani, Igbo and Yoruba in particular had each established political systems that were distinct. Evidence of contact between the peoples on the northern part of Africa and Nigerians can be found in the legends of some ethnic groups. The Hausas, for example, 'have a legend which traces their ancestry to migrants from the Far-east. So also does a Yoruba legend. One can assume that as the Sahara began to desiccate, some of the groups who lived in what was changing into an inhospitable region moved out. The few who probably moved south into what became Nigeria would in turn displace those already living there, forcing the latter to repeat the process elsewhere. The Benin Empire Kanem-Borno Empire Hausa States To the West of the Kanem Borrio empire, were Hausa states. The Hausa legend of a common origin also idenifies seven of the state - Biramo, Daura, Gobir, Kano, Katsina, Rano and Zauzau - as the oldest, while another seven - Gwari, Yoruba, Kebbi, Kororofa, Zamfara, Nupe and Yauri - are regraded as relatively more recent. The Hausa states were not united until the opening years of the 19th century, although in the 16th century the borders of the Songhai Empire extended to some of the western states. Nevertheless, their geographical position enabled them to thrive and prosper, for they were able to exploit the agricultural potentials of the northern region and to carry on a vigorous, trade with caravans from across the Sahara as well as with the people of Southern Nigeria.

45. Foreign Governments/Africa COM In French; Constitution of benin; Directories of and social conditions withsome regional and country Multidisciplinary with links to history resources as http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/forafr.html

FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS Sub-Saharan Africa Frames Index No-Frames Version Angola Benin ... Related Regional Web Sites Last updated on February 8, 2001 Angola Angolan culture, business, news; relief efforts to aid the country Under Politics: structure of the government, social policies, profile of the President, directory of key officials, and text of the Lusaka agreement Benin Welcome to Benin Brief history and politics of country Basic population and economic statistics Development projects in Benin Text in French only Not connecting as of Nov. 2000 AFRIKINFO.COM In French Constitution of Benin Directories of government institutions and officials Links to sites with general and political information about Africa Botswana Republic of Botswana Extensive description of government offices and their e-mail addresses linked through an organization chart Economic development and travel information Burkina Faso A la decouverte du Burkina Faso Official government website in French Constitution, electoral law, institutions, foreign policy Tourist and historical information Embassy to Canada Brief history and description of country Economic laws and policy Directory of government officials and membership in international organizations Cameroon Africa Index Annotated links to Cameroon's politics, economy, culture, environment, tourism, and news

46. History is intimately linked via the slave trade to African history. from Dahomey, what istoday the benin Republic century, and their names reflect regional and ethnic http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/history.htm

Links Go Key Resource Cuba Topic Brief Cultural History Yoruba Arará Abakuá Kongo U ntil the last decades of the 18th Century, Cuba was a relatively underdeveloped island with an economy based mainly on cattle raising and tobacco farms. The intensive cultivation of sugar that began at the turn of the nineteenth century transformed Cuba into a plantation society, and the demand for African "slaves", who had been introduced into Cuba from Spain at the beginning of the 16th century, increased dramatically. The slave trade with the West African coast exploded, and it is estimated that almost 400,000 Africans were brought to Cuba during the years 1835-1864. [That's roughly 1150 per month for 29 years!] In 1841, African slaves made up over 40% of the total population. The late flourishing of the Cuban sugar industry and the persistence of the slave trade into the 1860s are two important reasons for the remarkable density and variety of African cultural elements in Cuba. Fernando Ortiz Counted the presence of over one hundred different African ethnic groups in 19th century Cuba, and estimated that by the end of that century fourteen distinct "nations" had preserved their identity in the mutual aid associations and social clubs known as cabildos

47. Encyclopedia Of African History: List Of Unassigned Entries Era of Colonialism. 1000. benin Colonial Period Survey. 19th 20th CenturiesHistories of Modern States. 1000. Outlines of regional history. 5000. http://www.fitzroydearborn.com/london/africunass.htm

FITZROY DEARBORN PUBLISHERS editorial website Encyclopedia of African History List of Unassigned Entries at 9 August 2002 Below you will find an alphabetical list of entries that still need to be assigned. (Please refer to the full List of Entries if you wish to see the whole contents of the encyclopedia grouped by chronological and thematic categories). If you wish to volunteer to write any of the unassigned entries, please either: (a) refer to How to Take Part (if you are new to the project) or (b) send an e-mail stating your preferences to africah@fitzroydearborn.co.uk (if you are an existing contributor) Entries EntryType WordLimit Adal in the 17th century Adal: The Kingdom of Adal under the Walaswa dynasty Addis Ababa Modern Cities of Historical Importance Agriculture, industry and technology: pre-colonial to contemporary Pan-African/Comparative Topics and Debates Angola: New Colonial Period: Economics of colonialism Art, artefact and craft Era of Colonialism Benin: Colonial Period: Survey Burundi: Failure of reform: violence and refugees, 1988-1998

48. USAID: Benin history suggests that democratic countries tend to be more and restraining role inthe event of regional instability and benin has played such a role in the sub http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/bj2001/afr/bj/

Skip redundant navigation Home This Is USAID Privacy ... Contact The United States Agency for International Development BENIN >> Regional Overview >> Benin Overview Development Challenge Other Donors FY2001 Program / Summary Tables ... USAID Search: Benin Previous Years' Activities Thursday, 09-Nov-2000 13:53:11 EST Introduction Benin continues to be of interest to the United States because of its transition to a democratic, free market society and the continued strengthening of its democratic institutions. History suggests that democratic countries tend to be more stable, prosperous and less likely to provoke conflict with their neighbors than authoritarian countries, and that democratic countries are more apt to play a moderating and restraining role in the event of regional instability and civil strife. Benin has played such a role in the sub-region. For these reasons, Benin is important to U.S. strategic interests in regional stability, promotion of U.S. exports, economic development, democracy, and health. These goals are reflected in the U.S. Embassy Mission Performance Plan. The Development Challenge The challenge for Benin is to continue its adherence to the structural adjustment program. In 1999 the economy grew by approximately 5%, up from 4.4% in 1998. However, with the approach of the March 2001 presidential election and the demand for higher wages by trade unions, the Government's commitment to current macroeconomic reforms could weaken.

49. CV With Barbara Blackmun. benin Art, history and regional Interaction. Makingan Entrance Contemporary Sculpted Gates in benin. For African Arts. http://academic.csuohio.edu/curnowk/CV/cv.html

February 20, 2000 CURRICULUM VITAE Kathy Curnow Office Address: 111 Art Building Cleveland State University Cleveland, OH 44115 Phone: Email Address: k.curnow@popmail.csuohio.edu EDUCATION: Ph.D. , Art History and African Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 1983. Dissertation: The Afro-Portuguese Ivories: Classification and Stylistic Analysis of a Hybrid Art Form M.A. , Art History, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 1980. Thesis: "Art of the 16th Century Kingdom of Ardra [Allada]." B.A. (Magna cum laude), Art History, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 1976. EMPLOYMENT: Associate Professor , January 1995 to date; Assistant Professor , September 1991 to December 1994; Visiting Assistant Professor , September 1990 to June 1991; Art Department, Cleveland State University , Cleveland, OH.

50. AFRICA 2009 - Summary: 2nd Regional Course 2000 17 November the second AFRICA 2009 regional course of carried out in Porto Novo, benin,at the Introduction to World Heritage Convention, history and Theory of http://www.iccrom.org/africa2009/english/activities/courses/benin00.shtm

Activities Printer friendly 2nd Regional Course on the Conservation and Management of Immovable Cultural Heritage Benin 2000 Background : From 28 August through 17 November the second AFRICA 2009 regional course of AFRICA 2009 was carried out in Porto Novo, Benin, at the premises of the Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA). The stated aim was to bring together a group of approximately 20 African heritage professionals to work towards creation of a greater awareness of the most important issues in the area of conservation planning and management. The course also aimed at deriving a deepening of knowledge of the problems and challenges that are faced in carrying out conservation work in African contexts. Course Objectives : (1) to give participants the tools to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a given immovable cultural heritage site and its management system, and taking into account the specific context, develop appropriate and realistic solutions; (2) to examine some of the issues facing conservation of immovable cultural heritage at the national level, with the aim of introducing gradually, the most important approaches within the participants' home organizations. Structure Results 18 French speaking professionals from 15 countries in the region successfully completed the training.

51. EmailPinoy Web Directory See also regional Africa Regions West Africa (17). FOC Country Profile benin- Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations http://search.emailpinoy.com/cgi-bin/webpod.cgi/Regional/Africa/Benin/

DISCOVER THE WAY WE POWER YOUR: E-mail Web Page News TOOLS Classifieds Headline News Currency Rate Free Email ... more EMAILPINOY DIRECTORY Home Free E-mail Submit your site Free Web Space ... Latest News the entire directory only in Africa/Benin Top Regional Africa : Benin Description Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education ... Weather See also: Regional: Africa: Regions: West Africa This category in other languages: Dansk Deutsch Esperanto French ... BBC Country Profile: Benin - Overview, key facts and events, timeline, media links. Benin Country Profile - Basic country data, industries, map, news, and views. Authored by the MBendi AfroPaedia. CIA Factbook - Benin - Overview of the country, map, geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues. Facts About the Republic of Benin - Basic information. FOC Country Profile - Benin - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. French Colonies - Benin - Background information and links. USAfrica: Benin - General information and facts.

52. Regional: Africa: Benin - WorldSearch.com 4. New Africa benin Profile Demography, government, history, geography, map, economy,holidays, and religions. http//www.newafrica.com/profiles/benin.htm. http://www.worldsearch.com/dp.lisa/en/Regional/Africa/Benin

Home Link to us Affiliates Advertisers Princess :*****( NetZero Platinum - The Ultimate Internet $9.95/month for fast reliable internet service Did you know ? You can surf up to 50 times faster with a DSL access Friday, April 4, 2003 • Famous Birthday: Robert Downey Jr. Search For : What: In: Web Sites Shopping Books Used Books Calendars Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Used CDs VHS DVD Used DVDs/Videos Software Video Games Used Video Games Computers Electronics Toys Baby Outdoor Living Kitchen Auto Auctions • SHOP: 2003 Calendars Autos Sports Gifts ... Shopping Guide • FINANCING: Credit Cards Real Estate Loans • FIND: Careers Personals Find People • INTERNET: Access (ISP) Free MP3 Hosting Domain Registration ... Rings • COMPUTER: Software Hardware Virus Protection Sites Shopping Posters Books Music ... Africa Benin Categories Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Employment ... Weather See Also: Regional: Africa: Regions: West Africa This category in other languages: French German Spanish World Wide Web Add site Update site The following results are from the World Wide Web and may contain objectionable material that Newave does not endorse. If you have a legitimate complaint against one or more of the following sites, do not hesitate to

53. Katalog :  : Regional : Africa : Benin :  - Netz-Tipp.De Translate this page See also regional Africa Regions West Africa. FOC Country Profile - benin -Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations http://www.netz-tipp.de/kat/Regional/Africa/Benin/

Katalog Suchmaschinen-Eintrag - kostenlos! (Anzeige) Web: Suche im ganzen Netz Spezial: Suche im Katalog Startseite Buchhandel Bibliothek Zeitung ... Suchmaschinen Kostenloser Newsletter. Bitte tragen Sie hier Ihre E-Mail-Adresse ein! Startseite Werbung Presse Rechtliches ... Impressum Partner: Voreintrag Ladezeit Link-Check Linkparade HTML-Check Startseite Welt Deutsch Anzeige: Verdienen Sie Geld mit Ihren ungenutzten Domains! Welt English Regional ... Africa : Benin Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Employment ... Weather See also: Regional: Africa: Regions: West Africa This category in other languages: Dansk Deutsch Esperanto French ... BBC Country Profile: Benin - Overview, key facts and events, timeline, media links. Benin Country Profile - Basic country data, industries, map, news, and views. Authored by the MBendi AfroPaedia. CIA Factbook - Benin - Overview of the country, map, geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues. Facts About the Republic of Benin - Basic information. FOC Country Profile - Benin - Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs.

54. Benin: More Links @ Travel Adventures See also regional Africa Regions West Africa (7 About the Republic of benin Geography, topography demography, languages, visa requirements, history, coat of http://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/beninlinks.shtml

Other countries: Egypt Ghana Guinea Kenya ... Africa :Benin Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Employment ... Weather See also Regional: Africa: Regions: West Africa This category in other languages: French German Polish Spanish ... The Africa Guide - Climate, visas, immigration and travelers' information, accommodations, tours and safaris, books and maps, a forum area, and photo library Benin Country Profile - Basic country data, industries, map, news, and views. Authored by the MBendi AfroPaedia. CIA The World Factbook 2000 - Overview of the country, map, geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues. Facts About the Republic of Benin - Geography, topography, vegetation, climate, communications, government, flag, demography, languages, visa requirements, history, coat of arms, industry and trading, holidays, and hotel contact information. New Africa Benin Profile - Demography, government, history, geography, map, economy, holidays, and religions. World Desk Reference: Benin - General country information, demographics, and statistics from Dorling Kindersley.

55. Untitled Document from Ghana; and the third, and most significant for the history of benin, was the toFrench West Africa and was under the power of the regional governor in http://www.benintourisme.com/ang/country_info/dth.history.htm

Cotonou, Country information History Also in this section Geo graphy Government Economy History Pre-Colonial (1600-1900) From approximately 1300-1600, three major migratory movements took place resulting in the population of the area now known as Benin. The first was the movement of the Yoruba people from Nigeria; second was the movement of the Ashanti people from Ghana; and the third, and most significant for the history of Benin, was the movement of the "Alladahanou" people from Tado, in the south-east of what is now Togo. This group, led by three brothers, initially settled in Allada. While the oldest brother became the king of Allada, the others left around 1625 and established two other kingdoms: one in what is now Porto Novo and one near Abomey. Around 1645, the Abomey kingdom conquered the neighboring kingdom of Dan and thus became known as "Dahomey," which means "in the belly of Dan" in Fon. The king of Dahomey at this time, Houegbadja, declared that the kingdom would continue to grow larger with each successive generation, for each king would leave his successor more land than he inherited. As a result, the people of Dahomey fought to expand their territory, and each king built a new palace near his predecessor's, producing a series of palaces in the city of Abomey. In 1724, Dahomey conquered the kingdom of Allada , and in 1727 they conquered Savi, on the coast near Ouidah.

56. Expedia.co.uk Travel Guide Hotels Flights And Car Hire To Benin benin, history and Government history benin was the seat of one of Within West Africa,benin enjoys stable relations with Nigeria, the main regional power http://www.expedia.co.uk/daily/wg/P40022.asp

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57. Searchalot Directory For Benin FreeGK.com benin Including map and overview of history, culture, economyand currency. Related Categories. regional Africa Regions West Africa. http://www.searchalot.com/Top/Regional/Africa/Benin/

Home Search News Email Greetings Weather ... Global All the Internet About AltaVista AOL Search Ask Jeeves BBC Search BBC News Business Dictionary Discovery Health Dogpile CheckDomain CNN Corbis eBay Education World Employment Encyclopedia Encarta Excite Fast Search FindLaw FirstGov Google Google Groups Infomine iWon Librarians Index Looksmart Lycos Metacrawler Microsoft Northern Light Open Directory SearchEdu SearchGov Shareware Teoma Thesaurus Thunderstone WayBackMachine Webshots WiseNut Yahoo! Yahoo! Auctions Yahoo! News Yahooligans Zeal Sponsored Links Top Regional Africa : Benin Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Employment ... Weather Related Web Sites Benin Country Profile - Basic country data, industries, map, news, and views. Authored by the MBendi AfroPaedia. Facts About the Republic of Benin - Basic information. USAfrica: Benin - General information and facts. New Africa Benin Profile - Demography, government, history, geography, map, economy, holidays, and religions. CIA Factbook - Benin - Overview of the country, map, geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues. BBC Country Profile: Benin - Overview, key facts and events, timeline, media links.

58. Kabissa-fahamu Newsletter - Unedited Submissions Kabissafahamu Newsletter CI Social history of the Telephone - a must read ;Next in thread Thierry.Amoussougb CISCO regional training in benin ; http://www.kabissa.org/lists/newsletter-submissions-l/0579.html

Webmail Postoffice Domain Control Panel Search: All of Kabissa Whole Internet Pambazuka News Home Contact Directory African Mailing Lists African Websites ... Set Up a New List Kabissa-fahamu Newsletter - unedited submissions From: Thierry Amoussougbo ( amsiat@bow.intnet.bj Date: Tue 30 Jan 2001 - 17:42:58 GMT Next message: Previous message: Kabissa-fahamu Newsletter: "[CI]: Social History of the Telephone - a must read" Next in thread: Thierry.Amoussougb: "CISCO regional training in Benin" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Mail actions: [ respond to this message ] [ mail a new topic ] CISCO regional training in Benin http://www.sdnpben.org.bj/formations/cisco1.htm Cisco Systems and UNDP, to help narrow the digital divide, have launched an Internet training programme in Cotonou, Benin, for 18 Internet administrators from eight francophone countries in Africa and are establishing a new Internet training centre in Burkina Faso. The "training of trainers" course is a new step by UNDP, Cisco Systems, UN Volunteers and other partners to bring Cisco's Networking Academy Program to half of the world's 48 least developed countries. Cisco Systems is a

59. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Comprehensive study of history, geography and sociology.Category regional Africa Nigeria...... Yoruba Kingdoms and benin; The Igbo A Stateless Climate. POPULATION Census history;Population Estimates and ETHNICITY regional Groupings The Northern Area; The http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ngtoc.html

NIGERIA - A Country Study Search Nigeria Include word variants Use only words as entered. Nigeria Foreword Acknowledgements Preface ... Glossary

60. World Travel Guide - Benin - History & Government history and Government history benin was the seat of one of the Within West Africa,benin enjoys stable relations with Nigeria, the main regional power. http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/ben/ben580.htm

Travel Information Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Maps Regions and Cities Home World Africa Benin History and Government History: Benin was the seat of one of the great medieval African kingdoms. During the 13th century, the indigenous Edo people were run by a group of local chieftains, but by the 15th century, a single ruler, known as the 'oba', had asserted control. Under the dynasty established by Ewuare the Great, the most famous of the obas, Benin's territory expanded to cover a region between the Niger river delta and what is now the Nigerian city of Lagos. The obas brought great prosperity and a highly organised state to Benin. They also established good relations and an extensive trade (which included slaves) with the Portuguese and Dutch who arrived from the 15th century onwards. Benin was thus the first country in the 1990s to effect successfully the transition from dictatorship to a pluralistic political system. In the most recent round of national assembly elections, held in March 1995, Soglo's political vehicle, the Parti de la Renaissance du Bénin , was the largest single party but lacked an overall majority. The success of a party formed by supporters of ex-president Kérékou, who had officially retired from active politics, encouraged him to stand successfully at both the 1996 and 2001 presidential elections. On the latter occasion, however, numerous irregularities and dubious practices led to a boycott of the poll by the main opposition candidates.

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