61. AMA (CSA) Report 10 Of The Council On Scientific Affairs (I-00) modified crops and foods, not support a moratorium on planting genetically modifiedcrops, and encourages ongoing research developments in food biotechnology. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/article/2036-3604.html

Privacy Statement Web Guidelines Join Renew ... more articles Report 10 of the Council on Scientific Affairs (I-00) Genetically Modified Crops and Foods E-Mail Story Print Story Full text here Featured CSA Report SUMMARY To review the technology used to produce transgenic crops and examine issues relevant to the utilization of transgenic crops and genetically modified foods, including the current regulatory framework, possible human health effects, potential environmental impacts, and other consumer-related issues. Eleven reports issued over the last 2 years by various scientific and governmental bodies on selected aspects of genetically modified crops were reviewed. Additionally, literature searches were conducted in the MEDLINE database and Lexis/Nexis GenMed library for articles between 1990 and September 2000 using the terms genetic engineering combined with food microbiology food technology, agriculture; plants, edible; food ; and crops, agricultural . A secondary search was conducted for articles between 1995 and September 2000 using the search term plants, transgenic

62. Foodfirst.org:Biotechnology OF MODERN biotechnology ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, Albert Hall, Brussels, May 28312000, Friends of the Earth Europe. Genetic Engineering of Food crops for the http://www.foodfirst.org/progs/global/biotech/belgium-gmo.html

Search: Home Programs In Press: Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM - THE IMPACT OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, Albert Hall, Brussels, May 28-31 2000, Friends of the Earth Europe Genetic Engineering of Food Crops for the Third World: An Appropriate Response to Poverty, Hunger and Lagging Productivity? Peter Rosset, Ph.D. Co-Director Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy 398 60th Street Oakland, CA 94618 USA rosset@foodfirst.org www.foodfirst.org Abstract In this essay I refer primarily to agricultural production of foodstuffs for domestic consumption. When we speak of national markets, we find that small and peasant farmers, despite their disadvantaged position in society, are the primary producers of staple foods, accounting for very high percentages of national production in most third world countries. Their agriculture is complex, diverse and risk prone. This is because they have historically been displaced into marginal zones characterized by broken terrain, slopes, irregular rainfall, little irrigation, and/or low soil fertility; and because they are poor and are victimized by pervasive anti-poor and anti-small farmer biases in national and global economic policies. When transgenic varieties, carrying Bt insect resistance, for example, are "forced" into such cropping systems, the risks are much greater than in green revolution, large, wealthy farmer systems, or farming systems in Northern countries. For example, in the Third World there will typically be more sexually compatible wild relatives of crops present, making pollen transfer to weed populations of insecticidal properties, virus resistance, and other genetically traits more likely, with possible food chain and super-weed consequences. Such farmers are unlikely to plant refuges, making resistance evolution by insects more likely. Horizontal transfer of genetic material is also highly risky in such circumstances.

63. Biotechnology During the past decade, biotechnology companies commercialized the first generationof genetically engineered crops—primarily corn, soybeans, and cotton http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_environment/biotechnology/index.cfm?pageID=9

64. Pharm And Industrial Crops Agricultural biotechnology is entering a new age. that result in plants with traitslike herbicide tolerance and insect resistance that make crops cheaper or http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_environment/biotechnology/page.cfm?pageID=1033

65. Conference On New Biotechnology And Crops: Science, Safety And Society The World of Food Science. Report of a Conference on New Biotechnologyand crops Science, Safety and Society, Saipin Maneepun, Food http://www.worldfoodscience.org/vol2_3/feature3-2.html

Report of a Conference on New Biotechnology and Crops: Science, Safety and Society Saipin Maneepun, Food Science and Technology Association of Thailand (FoSTAT) Conference on New Biotechnology and Crops: Science, Safety and Society Bangkok, Thailand, July 10 - 12 , 2001 Conference Cosponsored by OECD and the Government of the United Kingdom OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Conference were: To explore, in consultation with international organizations and interested bodies, the way to integrate the best scientific knowledge available into the international processes for consensus building on new biotechnology1 in relation to food and crop safety; To further the concept of open and transparent consultation with an involvement of all stakeholders, including representatives of civil society, supported by shared scientific understanding, which is a key component of a credible food and crop safety system. The event was based on the principles of inclusiveness, transparency, openness and independence. The Conference Chairman's conclusions will inform discussions in international fora. PARTICIPANTS There were approximately 300 - 350 participants from 50 countries, including experts from intergovernmental organizations, scientific institutions, consumer and environmental interest groups, industry, government regulators, policy makers, and media from North and South.

66. Alternative Crops & Biotechnology CSL logo, Link to Home Page, Alternative crops biotechnology. Quick Search. Home.Research and Development. Products and Services. News and Information. About CSL. http://www.csl.gov.uk/groups/acb/

Quick Search Current Work News Crops The Group Site Map Feedback Legal Notices science@csl.gov.uk

67. Alternative Crops & Biotechnology CSL logo, Link to Home Page, Alternative crops biotechnology. http://www.csl.gov.uk/groups/acb/acbgroup.cfm

Quick Search The primary interests of the Alternative Crops and Biotechnology Group are:- Agricultural Policy and affairs in UK, European Union and the World and their impact upon agriculture markets and land use. All food crops, but especially non-cereals Non-food crops and novel uses of food crops, for industry Integration of novel technologies into agriculture / horticulture. These include integration of GM plants into agricultural systems and development of new systems or uses for land and agricultural by-products. The Group has significant interests in overseas business The Group also leads the IENICA project - an Interactive European Network for Alternative Crops and their Application. Melvyn Askew Head of Group m.askew@csl.gov.uk Sarah Hugo Leads the IENICA project Primary interests in the development of non-food crops and novel products s.hugo@csl.gov.uk Rebecca Garrod Commercial development within the Group Primary interests in bioenergy and novel technologies r.garrod@csl.gov.uk Lynsey Smithson Caroline Holmes Technical aspects of the Groups' work Primary interests in the agronomy of non-food crops l.smithson@csl.gov.uk

68. Biotechnology In Horticultural And Plantation Crops/K.L. Chadha, P.N. Ravindran biotechnology in Horticultural and Plantation crops/KL Chadha, PN Ravindranand Leela Sahijram. New Delhi, Malhotra Publishing, 2000 http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no19784.htm

Biotechnology in Horticultural and Plantation Crops/K.L. Chadha, P.N. Ravindran and Leela Sahijram. New Delhi, Malhotra Publishing, 2000, 836 p., Colour photographs, $80. ISBN 81-85048-42-8. Contents: I. General Biotechnology: 1. Biotechnology in horticulture/K.L. Chadha, P.N. Ravindran and Leela Sahijram. II. Micropropagation: 2. Hi-tech propagation of horticultural plants/B.S. Ahloowalia. 3. Synthetic seed technology in horticultural crops/P.S. Rao, P. Suprasanna and V.A. Bapat. 4. Commercial plant tissue culture/R. Doreswamy and R. Pandiarajan. 5. Plant tissue culture industry in India/Suman Govil and Shrish C. Gupta. III. Biotechnology and Crop Improvement: 6. In vitro androgenesis in the improvement of horticultural crops/Shashi B. Babbar, Neetika Walia and Soom N. Raina. 7. Molecular markers and their application in horticultural crops/Lalitha Anand. 8. Molecular biology techniques for disease management/Akella Vani. 9. Biotechnological approaches to insect pest management in fruits and vegetables/P. Ananda Kumar. 10. Application of biotechnology in biointensive integrated pest management/S.P. Singh. 11. Biotechnological approaches to improve quality in horticultural crops/K.C. Bansal. IV. Fruit and Plantation Crops:

69. Biotechnology Of Horticultural Crops biotechnology of Horticultural crops/edited by VA Parthasarathy, TK Bose, PC Dekaand P. Das. Calcutta, Naya Prokash, 2001, 3 vols., 1668 p., $220 (set). http://www.vedamsbooks.com/no18995.htm

Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops/edited by V.A. Parthasarathy, T.K. Bose, P.C. Deka and P. Das. Calcutta, Naya Prokash, 2001, 3 vols., 1668 p., $220 (set). ISBN 81-85421-60-9. Contents: Vol. I: 1. Protoplast. 2. Molecular markers. 3. Genetic transformation systems in plants. 4. Microbes for N and P input. 5. Citrus. 6. Banana and plantain. 7. Grape. 8. Mango. 9. Pineapple. 10. Papaya. 11. Guava. 12. Litchi. 13. Olive. 14. Avocado. 15. Kiwifruit. 16. Persimmon. 17. Pomegranate. 18. Date palm. 19. Jackfruit. 20. Ber. 21. custard apple. 22. Bael. 23. Fig. 24. Passionfruit. 25. Carambola. 26. Tamarind. 27. Longan. 28. Loquat. 29. Mangosteen. 30. Apple. 31. Plum. 32. Pear. 33. Peach. 34. Apricot. 35. Cherry. 36. Quince. 37. Strawberry. 38. Raspberry. 39. Cranberry. 40. Walnut. 41. Almond. 42. Chestnut. 43. Hazelnut. 44. Pistachionut. 45. Pecan. 46. Tea. 47. Coffee. 48. Cocoa. 49. Coconut. 50. Oil palm. 51. Cashew. 52. Rubber. Vol. II: 1. Potato. 2. Tomato. 3. Capsicum. 4. Egg plant. 5. Cucumber. 6. Musk melon. 7. Cauliflower. 8. Cabbage. 9. Leguminous vegetables. 10. Carrot. 11. Radish. 12. Onion. 13. Garlic. 14. Lettuce. 15. Asparagus. 16. Other root and tuber crops. 17. Mushroom. Vol. III:

70. MOFGA - News - Biotechnology Forum Engineered To Support GE Crops biotechnology Forum Engineered to Support GE crops. biotechnologyBane or Boon? . was the topic of the daylong forum hosted by http://www.mofga.org/news20021119.html

Info Events Technical Services Certification Services ... Organic Food Biotechnology Forum Engineered to Support GE Crops "Biotechnology: Bane or Boon?" The Federal Regulators EPA "100% Behind Biotechnology" Cole concluded by arguing that wider adoption of biotechnology would benefit human health by reducing the use of chemical pesticides: "We have some sound scientists out there, doing all they can to reduce the burden of pesticides that are causing cancer in children, and breast cancer." "Our Assistant Administrator," Cole observed [Stephen Johnson, Assistant Administrator for Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances], is "100% behind biotechnology." Some in the audience expressed dismay at this attitude toward a regulated industry by the principal federal regulator in charge of environmental protection. When queried whether the EPA had approved the use of the pesticides that were causing cancer in children, and why, then, the public should trust them in vouching for the safety of GE crops, Cole responded that under the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, new protections exist for children’s food supply. When asked about the adequacy of the funding for EPA to enforce provisions designed to protect the environment and food supply, Cole urged the audience to call their Congressional representatives to ask for more money for his agency: "Currently, we don’t have a large number of FTEs [full time equivalents] to get a lot of the work done."

71. Media - Call For Open Minds On GM Crops And Biotechnology (28 June) crops. Professor Stephen Thursday, June 28, 2001. CALL FOR OPEN MINDS ONGM crops AND biotechnology. Professor Stephen Powles http://www.uwa.edu.au/media/statements/2001/06/call_for_open_minds_on_gm_crops_a

Media UWA Home Prospective Students Current Students Staff ... About Search UWA Website People Structure Intranet for Media Statement Media Media Statements December November ... What's On Thursday, June 28, 2001 CALL FOR OPEN MINDS ON GM CROPS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Professor Stephen Powles an agricultural scientist at The University of Western Australia has called on both city and rural Australians to have open minds on biotechnology and the value of genetically modified (GM) crops. Professor Powles warned of the dangers of 'fiction winning over fact' in the community's understanding of the issue. "Currently, in my view, there is not a balanced public debate on the pros and cons of biotechnology, including GM crops. There is far too much misinformation presented as fact by opponents of biotechnology," he said. "Tags such as 'Frankenstein Foods' are incorrect and contribute unnecessarily to public concerns and misinformation. The majority of informed Australians might question whether these criticisms are justified. "As a civilised society with a great depth of goodwill, scientific talent and common sense, we are well placed to consider the biotechnology issues objectively. I am concerned at how the issue is portrayed negatively at present. We must all evaluate biotechnology and its use for GM crops in the open-minded manner that Australians are renowned for. "I believe that when presented with balanced viewpoints, and with the well developed regulatory process of the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator, many Australians will recognise that this technology is being carefully evaluated.

72. Nature Publishing Group 08 February 2001. Nature 409, 682 683 (2001) © Macmillan PublishersLtd. biotechnology Transgenic crops in natural habitats. Although http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v409/n6821/full/

73. The Use Of Biotechnology To Develop New Crops And Products The use of biotechnology to develop new crops and products Shewry PR, Napier JA,Sayanova O., Smith M., Cooke DT, Stoker G., Hill J., Stobart AK and Lapinskas P http://www.lapinskas.com/pubs/2934.html

Home Services Background Publications ... Contact The use of biotechnology to develop new crops and products Shewry P. R., Napier J. A., Sayanova O., Smith M., Cooke D. T., Stoker G., Hill J., Stobart A. K. and Lapinskas P. (1997). More about this book Contents: Introduction Production of g - Background - Current Sources of g - Options for Increasing g Production of Dyes from Traditional Crops - Background - Actual and Potential Markets - The Crops and Dyes - Biochemistry of Dye Biosynthesis - Improving the Production of Dye Plants in the UK - Application of New Technology Conclusions References Introduction Surpluses in the production of conventional cereals and oilseeds in the EU have stimulated interest in the development and production of crops for specific non-food end uses. Much of the discussion has centred on the modification of conventional crops, using the new technology of genetic engineering. This has the advantage that the crops are already adapted to EU conditions with high yields and well established systems for production, harvest, storage and fractionation. Thus a relatively simple modification, such as the insertion of a single gene, could lead to the synthesis of a novel product. A large number of laboratories worldwide have adopted this approach, with targets ranging from high value proteins for biomedical and pharmaceutical use through industrial oils to novel compounds for the production of plastics. A major disadvantage of this approach is that many compounds are the products of metabolic pathways which are still poorly understood at the biochemical level, or require the activities of many enzymes, all of which would need to be expressed in the modified plant. in addition, the products themselves may be toxic to cells unless the plant has developed specific preventative mechanisms (e.g. modified enzymes or compartmentation). These mechanisms are currently poorly understood and it is therefore difficult to predict the consequences of expressing many novel compounds in non-adapted plants.

74. Radio News Features: Field Crops Biotechnology Moving Forward 2002 UC Regents. Radio News Feature Field crops biotechnology moving forward.Robert Singleton talks with UC Davis agronomy scientist Dan Putnam. http://radio.ucanr.org/cut.cfm?storynum=599&releasenum=103

75. BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HORTICULTURAL CROPS - P. BOXUS - WCHR WCHR Home WCHR 1 WCHR 2 WCHR 3 WCHR 4 WCHR 5 Search. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYAPPLIED TO HORTICULTURAL crops. Philippe Boxus Agricultural http://www.agrsci.unibo.it/wchr/wc2/boxus.html

WCHR Home WCHR 1 WCHR 2 WCHR 3 ... Search PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HORTICULTURAL CROPS Philippe Boxus Agricultural Research Centre,Biotechnology Department,Gembloux - Belgium partment,Gembloux - Belgium Introduction All artificial manipulation made on a plant, or only on a part of a plant, could refer to "plant biotechnology". In our review, we shall separate the numerous plant biotechnology applications into two groups. The first group is related to tissue culture and go from a single cell, or a specific tissue, to the whole plant. These technologies are founded on a very old concept "the cellular totipotency", stated by Haberlandt (1902), but only demonstrated by Steward in 1958. His research team was the first to be able to transform a carrot cell line in some "artificial embryos, later called "somatic embryos". The applications of the second group are more recent and derive from on excellent knowledge of the double helicoidal DNA structure proposed in 1953, by James Watson and Francis Crick. They base their strategy on the molecular biology science. Chapter 1. : Horticultural biotechnologies related to tissue culture.

76. The Environmental Literacy Council - Biotechnology Traditional methods of crossbreeding crops take many years of experimentation. Biotechnologymakes it possible to transfer desirable traits or characteristics http://www.enviroliteracy.org/subcategory.php/5.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Biotechnology Humans have been genetically modifying plants and animals for thousands of years through selective cross-breeding and domestication. The identification of the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by Nobel-winning scientists James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 laid the groundwork for enormous advances in genetic research. In 1973, scientists Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer successfully transferred a gene from one organism to another. In the last few decades, biotechnology research has enabled breakthroughs in medical research and the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Insulin for the treatment of diabetes, diagnostic tests for AIDS, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases, are products of biotechnology. What are the issues? Recent controversy about biotechnology has focused on food products. Traditional methods of cross-breeding crops take many years of experimentation. Biotechnology makes it possible to transfer desirable traits or characteristics such as pest resistance from one organism to another more efficiently. It is also possible to transfer traits from species that cannot cross-breed. For example, genes in arctic salmon that make the fish resistant to cold can be transferred to tomatoes to protect them from frost. In 1994, the first food products from this new technology began reaching the market, including the

77. Genetically Modified Crops And Plants, And Biotechnology, In South America - Dr. Genetically modified crops and plants and biotechnology are increasinglyused in South America. GM Soybean (roundupready) saves http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/Guestfile/clairecockroft.htm

Interview Topics : Big Bang Body Clocks Cancer Chemistry of Explosions Developing drugs and analgesics Dinosaurs and Fossils DNA unlocks our past Egyptology - ancient Egypt Heart Disease Left Handedness Life in Lake Vostok Medicine in the tropics Nerve Regeneration and Brain Development Robotic Fish Science and Archaeology Sexual Health Skin Conditions Teeth and Dentistry The Nose and Olfaction Viruses used in cancer therapy Back to Guest List Last Week Next Week Guests Books ... Home Biotechnology Dr. Claire Cockroft, Cambridge University Question this guest Useful links related to this topic : How are genetically modified plants made ? About this interview... Claire Cockcroft is a biotechnologist at the University of Cambridge. Last year she was awarded a Winston Churchill Trust Award which enabled her to carry out research in a number of South American countries on the use of genetically-modified crops. In this interview Claire describes to what extent GM foods are used in South America, the potential benefits of GM-use in this part of the world, public opinion towards GM technology in general and some of the scaremongering propagated by anti-GM groups.

78. Transgenic Crops, GM Crops - Okanagan Biotechnology Inc. to be positive for the future of crop biotechnology. In 2001, coincidental with increasedpolitical, policy and institutional support for GM crops due to their http://www.okanaganbiotechnology.com/market-growthstatistics.html

The Non-Browning Apple Current Products Available Industry Growth and Statistics Industry Growth and Statistics Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops The estimated global area of transgenic or GM crops for 2001 is 52.6 million hectares (ha) or 130.0 million acres, grown by 5.5 million farmers. 2001 is the first year when the global area of GM crops has exceeded the historical milestone of 50 million ha The increase in area between 2000 and 2001 is 19%, equivalent to 8.4 million has, or 20.8 million acres. This increase of 8.4 million ha between 2000 and 2001 is almost twice the corresponding increase of 4.3 million ha between 1999 and 2001, which was equivalent to an 11% growth. During the six-year period 1996 to 2001, global area of transgenic crops increased more than 30-fold, from 1.7 million ha in 1996 to 52.6 million ha in 2001. More than one quarter of the global transgenic crop area of 52.6 million ha in 2001, equivalent to 13.5 million ha, was grown in developing countries where growth continued to be strong. Whereas the absolute growth in GM crop area between 2000 and 2001 was twice as high in industrial countries (5.6 million ha) compared with developing countries (2.8 million ha), the percentage growth was higher in the developing countries of the South (26%) than in the industrial countries of the North (17%). In 2001, four principal countries grew 99% of the global transgenic crop area.

79. The Impact Of Biotechnology On Marketing Of Agricultural Crops The Impact of biotechnology (1) on Marketing of Agricultural crops.E.Ann Clark, Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON http://www.plant.uoguelph.ca/research/homepages/eclark/ifo.htm

The Impact of Biotechnology on Marketing of Agricultural Crops E.Ann Clark Plant Agriculture University of Guelph , Guelph, ON eaclark@uoguelph.ca Presented to the Annual Meeting of the Innovative Farmers of Ohio, 22 January 2000 Opposing visions: and the truth is......? So, what does the future hold for GM (or GE) crops? Option 1 Many respected people in powerful positions in industry, academia, and government continue to proclaim a bright future for ag biotech. You can see and hear them every day on the news, in the farm press, on radio adverts, and on the internet, so I need not repeat their message here. However, we will look briefly at some of the efforts they are making to forestall what is clearly an imminent disaster in consumer confidence. Option 2 Other figures of comparable power and authority see very different and declining prospects for the agbiotech industry, mostly because consumer resistance is not going to go away any time soon. In the mainstream farm publication - Successful Farming - for example, Holmberg (2000) noted that the GMO issue is gaining momentum and farmers are taking note. A Reuters poll of 400 US farmers at the annual meeting of the American Farm Bureau Federation just last week identified planned reductions of 15% for RR soybeans, 22% for RR corn, 24% for Bt corn, and 26% for Bt cotton, with only RR cotton showing a planned increase of 5% (Fabi, 2000). Results are reflective of the "relatively large and sophisticated growers" likely to participate in such a conference.

80. FAQ - How Are Crops Grown Using Agricultural Biotechnology Regulated For Food Sa How are crops Grown Using Agricultural biotechnology Regulated forFood Safety? (US) Steve Taylor and Georgianna Whipple Department http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/faq/regfoodfaq.htm

Key Information on Allergens Safety Assessment of Novel Foods FAQ: Human allergenicity and biotech foods? How are Crops Grown Using Agricultural Biotechnology Regulated for Food Safety? (US) Steve Taylor and Georgianna Whipple Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln The development of novel foods through agricultural biotechnology involves a complex process that can be viewed as occurring in three stages: gene discovery, line selection, and product advancement to commercialization. The safety assessment for each new crop is and should be an integral part of each of the phases of this complex process. In the first stage, gene discovery, the safety evaluation considers the source of the gene, previous consumer exposure to the source material, the history of safe use of the source material, the gene itself, the product(s) derived from the gene, and any ethical issues that might arise. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have established guidelines for the product developers to follow after a potentially marketable product is conceived. If unacceptable risks are identified during this stage, the concept is abandoned. If the new seed product concept is accepted, experiments are conducted to achieve and evaluate the desired product. Yet to proceed, companies in the U.S. must obtain approval from the USDA. USDA approves the design of greenhouses and other facilities where the plants will first be grown in isolation. Next, USDA approval must be obtained to allow field trials to occur. The data collected from these experiments must also be submitted to the USDA for consideration in removing the genetically modified crop from regulated status.

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