41. INTRODUCTION - WOMEN IN B.C. HISTORY - BC ARCHIVES TIME MACHINE me think of Home Time and Place in Canadian Women's history', Not Just Pin MoneySelected Essays on the history of Women's Work in british columbia 1984, p http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler10/frames/main.htm

Three Women, ca. 1901 Detail of B-01172 It has been difficult to know what women's lives have been like in the past because of the scarcity of records kept by women. Since the records we commonly use to examine history are records created by men in the course of their daily work, it is usually through records created by brothers, sons, fathers and husbands, that we know what women's lives may have been like. Unfortunately the work women were engaged in until the latter part of the twentieth century, did not usually involve the creation or maintenance of textual documents, so often what we know of women's lives is what has been interpreted by men. Not only has learning about women in the past been difficult because of the rarity of sources, historians until the 1970s were not particularly interested in the study of women. Before this time when historians wrote about women it was usually only the exceptional and extraordinary women who merited examination. During the last thirty years, academics have begun to write about more ordinary women and their lives. The exploration of how women's culture has changed over time has revolutionized not only how we see women's roles in the past but also how we assess the past generally. Margaret Conrad describes some of the issues in writing women's history "...we are looking at fundamental questions of sources and methodology. For example, when approaching history from a woman's vision, the question becomes not 'Why are women marginalized in the early trade movement?' but 'What are the essential features of working class women's lives?'. Not 'Why have women been relegated to the private sphere in industrial societies?' but 'How has women's sphere been transformed by the emergence of industrial society?'. The answer to questions such as these will allow us to transcend the less ambitious queries and lay the foundation for a genuine human history."

42. Untitled The history Department at the University of british columbia offers a complete range of programmes, including a Bachelor http://www.arts.ubc.ca/history/history.htm

43. History @ UNBC Category Society history Canada british columbia http://www.unbc.ca/history/

44. British Columbia's Parliament Buildings: Victoria, BC, Canada. Visit the legislative chamber and rotunda, ask the tour guide a question, view the art collections, and learn about Victoria's history. http://www.parl-bldgs.gov.bc.ca/

Responsibility for the Parliament Buildings web site has been transferred to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia . Please update your bookmarks/favourites and refer to the following web site for further information: http://www.legis.gov.bc.ca

45. Nelson, British Columbia - History Although Nelson did not exist until the late 1880s, the history of man When the BritishColumbia Legislature assembled in Victoria for the session of 18821883 http://www.discovernelson.com/history/

History Getting Around Community Events Bulletin Board Guestbook ... Health Care History of Nelson By Michael Jessen Gunpowder Gertie "Pirate Queen of the Kootenays" H ISTORICAL P HOTOGRAPHS Sternwheelers of Kootenay Lake The many large groups of these pits, which are still visible today, are reminders of the good-sized villages that once existed along the lakes and rivers. Indian artifacts have been found in abundance along the shores of the West Arm of the Kootenay River. Just above lake-level on Granite (Elephant) Mountain opposite Nelson, carvings were found of human beings and animals cut boldly in the rock found on the shores of the Arrow Lakes. After this mineral find was exploited, quiet again returned to the forested valleys and 15 years went by before another rush of people came to the area. Baille-Grohman and Ainsworth were also involved in another famous incident in the years immediately preceding settlement at Nelson. The legendary Bluebell mine at Riondel, which finally ceased operations in 1971, was the issue over which these two Kootenay area pioneers next became embroiled. Natives and Hudsonâs Bay Company trappers had long known about the galena ledge on a cliff on the eastern side of Kootenay Lake. It is speculated that David Douglas, the botanist for whom the Douglas fir tree is named, visited the site. In the spring of 1882, Robert Evan Sproule set out from Dick Fry's ranch at Bonners Ferry and after inspecting the rusty iron stain on the cliff and finding a 50-foot vein of silver, staked his claim. He was unable to register the claim in the manner required by law, however, since 480 miles of rugged territory lay between him and the nearest claims office, a distance he could not hope to cover in the 72 hours that he was allowed to be absent from his claim.

46. Natural History In British Columbia Home Page Natural history in british columbia is dedicated to providing Web Sites for thepromotion and the enjoyment of nature in, and around, the Province. http://www.naturalhistory.bc.ca/

Welcome to the Natural History site index for British Columbia This site provides a home on the WEB for non-profit organizations from British Columbia that focus on nature and the environment. You will find information here for the following organizations: Vancouver Natural History Society Young Naturalists' Club of British Columbia Sponsors for this site Vancouver Natural History Society Please contact IntraNet Resource Group for information about having your pages hosted here.

47. Reflexology Association Of British Columbia - History, Definition back to top. history/Definition. FAQ/Members. Home. (604) 4358325. (604) 434-3736.mkreflexology@telus.net. RABC Board - 2002. Manuela Kundert 604-435-8325, President. http://www.reflexologybc.com/history.html

Stress Reduction, Improved Circulation, Relaxation Reflexology Research China, Denmark and the United Kingdom excel in their research on the benefits of reflexology as a health care modality. Each of these countries recognize reflexology as a safe and beneficial therapy that can be integrated into an existing and established health care system. China continues to expand their areas of research in over 100 illnesses and health conditions. Denmark follows next in clinical research, where reflexology is the most common complementary treatment used by the public. In the United Kingdom clinical studies are conducted on the benefits of reflexology with qualified reflexologists and mainstream health care practitioners working together. In North America reflexologists and conventional western medical practitioners are just beginning to explore the possibilities and benefits of collaborative research on reflexology. One such study has been documented in a respected research journal: Oleson, T. and Folocco, W. "Randomized controlled study of premenstrual symptoms treated with ear, hand and foot reflexology", Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1993;82(6): 906-11.

48. History And Heritage Of BC: Historical Events - BritishColumbia.com Search, Ad. Category, history Heritage Events in british columbia's history. http://www.britishcolumbia.com/History/history2.html

Calendar of Events Photo Gallery Screensavers Send a Postcard ... Advertise Search Category Home Maps Accommodation Recreation ... Links Historical Dates - British Columbia 1778 Great Britain's explorer, Captain James Cook, reached Nootka Sound and became the first white man to set foot on British Columbian soil. John Mackay was the first white man to live in BC - in Nootka on Vancouver Island. Frances Barkley, the young wife of Captain Charles William Barkley, was the first white woman to set foot on Vancouver Island. October 28: Treaty of the Nootka Convention was accepted and signed by Great Britain and Spain. August 28: Captain George Vancouver reached Nootka. July 22: Alexander McKenzie, the first European to complete a journey across Canada, arrived at the Pacific Coast May: Simon Fraser and his twenty-four adventures set out in four canoes to descend the Fraser River.

49. History Of British Columbia, Canada - BritishColumbia.com Events in the history of british columbia. Southwestern british columbia'shistory centres around the discovery of the mighty Fraser River. http://www.britishcolumbia.com/History/

Calendar of Events Photo Gallery Screensavers Send a Postcard ... Advertise Search Category History and Heritage of British Columbia Home Maps Accommodation Recreation ... History and Heritage Tour Operators The modern history of British Columbia begins with the First Nations people who have lived and flourished on the lush natural resources of these lands for over ten thousand years, since some time after the end of the last Ice Age. There are three prominent First Nations groups of the Pacific Northwest who have divided the land between themselves for thousands of years: the Nootka , the Coast Salish , and the Kwak'wala Speaking Peoples . The rich land and marine resources enabled them to develop complex societies and the intricate aboriginal art forms that are now internationally acclaimed. To the east, in the region now known as the British Columbia Rockies, the Kootenay were the original keepers of the land, having fought fiercely for possession of the precious hot springs found in these mountains. The

50. British Columbia Ambulance Service history and description of service as well as information about management and operation. http://www.hlth.gov.bc.ca/bcas/

Home Overview Fees Statistics ... Sitemap Search BCAS Help Overview Fee Information BCAS Statistics ... Telecommunications Your BCAS Paramedics and You "Working Together for Life" Welcome to the British Columbia Ambulance Service (BCAS) The following pages present a brief history and description of our service. We have also included some information about the management and operation of BCAS, and a few operational statistics. BCAS provides public ambulance service in B.C. under the authority of the Emergency Health Services Commission of the provincial Ministry of Health Services. The commission is mandated to oversee the broad responsibility of overall emergency medical service provision, regulation and direction in B.C. History The province has had a long history of varying degrees of involvement with ambulance service provision to the citizens of B.C. However, it was not until July 1, 1974 that government legislation was enacted to create the BCAS. It was formed in response to growing concerns about the conditions then present in the ambulance industry of the day. Emergency pre-hospital medical services were supplied by a mixture of commercial operators - some operating from funeral homes - some partially subsidized by municipalities - some based with volunteer fire departments - and some of which existed on paid subscriptions from the public. The competition between ambulance companies was intense, standards were not uniformly observed, and effective patient care was often an afterthought.

51. Gulf Islands British Columbia - History history. A few years later, Salt Spring Island was settled by Australians,british and African Americans escaping slavery in the United States. http://www.gulfislandsguide.com/history/

Home Accommodations Arts Recreation ... Thetis History Long before the European explorers arrived, these islands were home to the Coast Salish, who occupied choice areas in the islands at least 5000 years ago and whose evidence is traced throughout middens, petroglyphs and relics found at multiple Gulf Island sites. The fine white shell beaches the islands are famous for are often all that remains of these First Nations settlements. Many of the islands, their waterways, bays and harbours now carry the names of the Spanish and English explorers who arrived in the 18th century: Narvaez Bay, Vesuvius Bay and Galiano, Valdes, and Mayne Islands. The ships that brought later explorers in the 19th century also live on in their namesakes: Plumper Sound, the Salt Spring town of Ganges, Satellite and Trincomali Channels, to name a few. In the mid 1850s, gold fever catapulted Miners Bay on Mayne Island into an active port and one of the first Crown colonies. Gold seekers from Vancouver Island and the United States passed eagerly through Active Pass on their way to seek Fraser River Gold, thus establishing Miners Bay as one of the first Southern Gulf Islands settlements. A few years later, Salt Spring Island was settled by Australians, British and African Americans escaping slavery in the United States. Fruit orchards soon followed, and for many years the produce from Gulf Islands orchards was highly prized and profitable. Abandoned orchards can still be found on many of the islands today.

52. British Columbia - History - Pacific Encounters Mothership Charters The Central and North Coast of british columbia is beautiful and aboundswith animal life, history and ancient culture. Its wild http://www.bcsail.com/history.html

The Central Coast has been inhabited for thousands of years. In Namu and in the Queen Charlottes, archaeological digs have recovered artifacts dating back to at least 9,000 years. The coast provided the early peoples with plentiful food and an environment which allowed great cultures to form over the next centuries. The arts flourished and cultural traditions and spiritual beliefs became sophisticated and intricately interwoven into daily life. Several nations formed along the coast; each with a distinctive culture. For thousands of years these great nations survived the rigors of the Pacific Coast. In the 1700's European ships began to enter the waters of the Pacific North. They began to trade furs with the First Nations peoples. Soon there were more explorers charting routes, expanding European business interests establishing forts and officials settling disputes over "ownership" between themselves. Settlers took over land for the colonization of what they called "New Caledonia". The aboriginal peoples paid heavily over the next century in lives and land. European ships began to explore in earnest by 1770 and soon Spanish, English, Russians visited many areas along the coast. Many islands, passages, bays and other geographical points carry the names of Europeans who explored during those years. Some early European explorers like Alexander Mackenzie, made their way to the coast over land. Evidence of Makenzie's trek can be found along Dean Channel. The Spanish and English established uneasy accords over trading rights. The British eventually got the upper hand largely through Captain Vancouver's thorough exploration and charting of the coast.

53. Sunshine Valley - Recreational Property In British Columbia: HISTORY Sunshine Valley Recreational Property in british columbia, Sunshine ValleyRecreational Property in british columbia, SUNSHINE VALLEY FACTS history. http://www.sunshinevalleyproperties.com/history.html

Sunshine Valley is a 1300 acre tract of land located like a gem in a vast wilderness park. Its eastern boundary is less than 2 miles from Manning Park's west entrance. When World War II broke out, the Canadian Government took over the valley and interred 3000 Japanese Canadians there. After the war, the property was returned to its former owner who continued to raise prize beef and dairy cattle; until it was sold to the Boys Town Association in 1955. In 1962, an American firm bought the property planning to develop it into a resort. The Hope Slide occured in January 1965, providing a viewpoint at the west end of this picturesque valley. Sunshine Valley Developments, realizing the potential of this unique valley, bought it in May 1970 and made plans to transform it into a beautiful, year-round Recreational, Residential Community. The uniqueness of Sunshine Valley is its proximity to Vancouver, with less than a 2 hour drive on B.C.'s best 4-lane highway and neighbours to world famous Manning Park.

54. Fisheries: Aerial Census Of British Columbia Salmon Purse Seiners--Fleet Dynamic Competition and information among british columbia salmon purse seiners spatial analysis, past exploitat Category Science Biology Anadromous and Stream Fish...... and transparently posted and verified Competition and information among britishcolumbia salmon purse seiners, or Part of the history of Overfishing Salmon http://www.thefishfinder.com/members/saltwater/ledbetter/

COMPETITION AND INFORMATION AMONG BRITISH COLUMBIA SALMON PURSE SEINERS e-mail: maxledbetter@yahoo.com Max Ledbetter (Question: If our economy was in better shape and/or less fragile, would the government take such stringent measures to protect us from diseases such as SARS i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome?) Research indicates that purse seines caught 80%-90% of the vulnerable migrating salmon present in Johnstone Strait during what were commonly 48- or 72-hour fishing openings. Some might recall Al Meadow's comments (Cockpit Comments. Western Fisheries 102 (August 1981): 28), "I'll be reviewing a study known as the Ledbetter Report in a future comment. This report is about the seine boat fishery in Johnstone Strait and I have heard disturbing news that the Fisheries Service is attempting to water down and suppress it." Mr. Meadows, in the December 1981 issue, continued: "Max Ledbetter, writing in the guest editorial section of the October issue, is, I feel, pulling some punches and not telling the full story. He is, however, absolutely correct in his summation, where he suggests that fishermen had better develop communication amongst themselves and their various gear types. Recent history has shown us, and the fact that wild chinook and coho are on the verge of extinction further reinforces the realization that we cannot depend on the D.F.O. to do the job," (Cockpit Comments. Western Fisheries 103 (December 1981): 11).

55. Comox Bay Marine History With Pictures And Notes About Old Sailing Ships, Steame Comox Valley marine history with pictures and stories of the Comox Bay events and development.Category Regional North America Society and Culture history...... Dayboats in Comox Courtenay Museum. Bibliography. A Picture historyof british columbia; G Woodcock, Hurtig Publishers , 1980. Land http://www3.telus.net/comoxharbour/page7.htm

THIS WEBSITE is no longer updated. We have a new email address, too. Please go to our new site: www.ComoxFishermansWharf.com COMOX VALLEY HARBOUR AUTHORITY MARINE HISTORY Please be patient - Marine History takes a while to load! COMOX HARBOUR (or PORT AUGUSTA) for centuries has provided shelter for ocean travelers and marine explorers. It has been known by many names, but it was best known as "THE LAND OF PLENTY" by the local Komoux natives, who lived here for centuries before European explorers arrived ....The well-known "Beaver" was one of the early exploration ships that made marine history. "THE GRAPPLER" Acrylic on Canvas Courtesy of Bill Maximick The boats and ships came to the Comox Valley for many reasons; to explore, to trade, to survey, to work, and like many today, to rest and enjoy the beauty of the area. This partial summary of the Marine History Events that helped shape the development of our communities is not intended to be complete. Want to see YOUR marine history pictures up here? Please contact us by phone or e-mail. Comox Harbour Marine History 1790's Capt. Vancouver & the "Discovery" explore the Inside Passage. Two Spanish Capt.'s, Galiano and Valdes investigate the Comox area and meet Capt. Vancouver near Texada Island.

56. Living Landscapes: Human And Natural History Of The Thompson-Okanagan Region Of Documents human and natural history of the Thompson Okanagan region. A project of the Royal british Category Regional North America Society and Culture history......Our goal is to improve the understanding of the human and natural historyof british columbia. Resource Persons, Human Natural history. http://royal.okanagan.bc.ca/

Resource Persons Research Projects About this site... News and Events Sponsors Columbia Basin Upper Fraser Basin SEARCH all Living Landscapes' sites. A partnership project between the Royal British Columbia Museum and Okanagan University College Contact Living Landscapes

57. Natural History Research Paper - Dragonflies Of The Family Aeshnidae Notes on the darners of british columbia, including a diagrammatic field key.Category Science Biology Dragonflies...... Renewal british columbia (FRBC) have enabled the RBCM to hire cooperative educationstudents to update and computerize data in the RBCM's natural history http://rbcm1.rbcm.gov.bc.ca/nh_papers/aeshnareport/aeshnarep.html

COLLECTIONS, RESEARCH PAPERS AND SPECIAL PROJECTS CONSERVATION ANTHROPOLOGY MODERN HISTORY NATURAL HISTORY ... SPECIAL PROJECTS Natural History Dragonflies of the Family Aeshnidae in British Columbia: Biological Notes and Field Key, Based on Specimens in the Royal British Columbia Museum Collection Jens Proche and Simone Runyan 20 December 1996 pdf version Contents Abstract Introduction Methods and Materials Introduction to Dragonflies ... Field Key to Adult Aeshnidae of British Columbia Species Profiles: Aeshna californica Aeshna canadensis Aeshna constricta Aeshna eremita ... Literature Cited Abstract Following a general introduction to dragonflies, this report profiles the 14 species of the family Aeshnidae, the Darners, that are found in British Columbia. Physical characteristics, habitat and flight period are given for each species. Distribution maps for each species were created by mapping the collection sites of specimens within the Royal British Columbia Museum collection. (Note: distribution maps are not included in this electronic version: please contact the RBCM for the maps.) A field key to adult aeshnids, and suggestions for future collecting, are also included in this report. Introduction Dragonflies are among the most attractive and graceful of the world's insects. Through much of the year they flit and glide among the reeds in ponds, marshes, streams and other wetland areas. But their importance goes far beyond being mere colourful ornaments. As genetically unique organisms, they have inherent value to biodiversity in British Columbia. The larvae are food for growing freshwater fish, and the tender bodies of the newly hatched adults provide tasty snacks for song birds. Dragonflies, and their smaller relatives the damselflies, eat huge numbers of mosquitoes and other small insects, helping to control populations of these pests.

58. Natural History Paper - Sphinx Moths (Family Sphingidae) In British Columbia Natural history Sphinx Moths (Family Sphingidae) In british columbia BiologicalNotes and Field Key, Based on Specimens in the Collection at the Royal british http://rbcm1.rbcm.gov.bc.ca/nh_papers/sphinxmoths/sphinx.html

COLLECTIONS, RESEARCH PAPERS AND SPECIAL PROJECTS CONSERVATION ANTHROPOLOGY MODERN HISTORY NATURAL HISTORY ... pdf version Natural History Sphinx Moths (Family Sphingidae) In British Columbia: Biological Notes and Field Key, Based on Specimens in the Collection at the Royal British Columbia Museum Christopher Borkent and Laura Greenway April 1997 Contents Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Introduction to the Order Lepidoptera ... Introduction to the Family Sphingidae Species Information: Hemaris diffinis Hemaris thysbe Hyles gallii Hyles lineata ... Literature Cited Abstract This report focuses on the 16 species of the Family Sphingidae (Sphinx or Hawk Moths) which are found in British Columbia. A general introduction to the Order Lepidoptera, as well as the Sphingidae, is included. Species descriptions, detailing physical characteristics, habitat, habits, food plants, and flight periods were compiled. Using collection information from the Royal British Columbia Museum, distribution maps for each species were created using the GIS program, ARCView. These were used to assess the need for future collections. A key to the adult Sphingidae was also written and included. Introduction Forest Renewal British Columbia (FRBC), a government-based program funded by the forest industry, was formed to create sustainable forest wealth through forest renewal and more intensive forest management (FRBC, 1996). The importance of high quality, resource inventory information for successful forest management has been recognized. FRBC has allocated funds to improve the accessibility of biological information in the Royal British Columbia Museum (RBCM).

59. Bear Beer Brewing, Kamloops British Columbia - History 965 McGill Place, Kamloops, british columbia Canada V2C 6N9 Phone (250) 8512543 Fax (250) 851-9953 email info@bearbeercom history News Flash Brew http://www.bearbeer.com/history.htm

BEAR BREWING HISTORY Incorporated in 1994, Bear sold its first kegs in March of 1995. Bear easily outgrew its first facility and moved to the brand new location in September of 1997. The brewery acquired a new bottling line and began bottling in six packs in the summer of 1998. Under the supervision of Plant Engineer Chris Elliott, the Bear bottling line can maintain a speed of 5000 bottles per hour. Bear Brewing Co. grew from zero to its current output of 12,000 hectoliters of beer per year. This makes Bear the third largest microbrewery in BC. The current brewhouse is a 3-vessel system, with 46 hectoliters as capacity. All beers are naturally aged and we use absolutely no chemicals or preservatives. We do not pasteurize our beers. All of our products go through rigorous quality control testing to ensure freshness and taste Did You Know? The first brewery in Kamloops was called Imperial Brewery and produced ales for consumption in the interior areas. In 1921, when prohibition was enacted in the US (it was repealed by then in Canada), it was bought by the Ranier Brewery of the US which operated the brewery for the Canadian and overseas markets. There were rumours that the brewery was supplying US speakeasies, but these were never proven. Prohibition ended in the US and in 1929, Ranier sold the operations and the brewery closed. Kamloops was without a brewery until 1995 when the Bear Brewing Company opened its doors.

60. Child Find BC (British Columbia)History history. Child Find is the oldest group in Canada. Child Find BritishColumbia began the following year in Vancouver. Chapters in http://www.childfindbc.com/history.html

Board of Directors Education Finding Your Child Funding ... Links HISTORY Child Find is the oldest, largest and most comprehensive missing children's organization in Canada. Child Find is established across Canada as a network of charitable, non-profit organizations which deliver services to the families of missing/abducted children. Child Find was established in 1983 after the disappearance of six-year-old Tania Murrell. The Edmonton girl was abducted by a stranger on her way home from school and has yet to be found. Just prior to the abduction, a concerned citizen from Calgary, Kathy Morgenstem, read a brief story on Child Find of America. Following a synopsis of Tania's disappearance in her local newspaper and outraged by Tania's abduction, Ms. Morgenstem wanted to volunteer her time to an organization which dealt specifically with missing children. Through her inquiries, she discovered there was no such organization in Canada and as a result, she took it upon herself to form the first Child Find group in Canada.

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