61. Hain - 1/27 death penalty, 16 prohibit it for those who were under 18 when they committed theircrimes. The federal government also bans capital punishment for juveniles http://www.ncadp.org/html/hain_-_1_27.html

NCADP provides information, advocates for public policy, and mobilizes and supports individuals and institutions that share our unconditional rejection of capital punishment. Join NCADP now!!! Donate to NCADP now! Designed by TLM EXECUTIONS since 1976: in 2003: Court Refuses Juvenile Execution Case Jan. 27, 2003 - Four Supreme Court justice want to ban the execution of very young killers, but they apparently cannot persuade their colleagues to reopen the debate. The high court did not comment in turning down an appeal Monday from an Oklahoma death row inmate who was 17 when he helped burn a young couple alive in the trunk of their car. Death penalty opponents had hoped the court would use the case to broaden an ongoing review of how the punishment is carried out and who belongs on death row. The four-member liberal wing of the court knows the time is not right to revisit the question of whether 16- and 17-year-olds are as culpable as adult killers, and know they could be outvoted if the nine-member court took on the issue now, lawyers said. "We're not there yet," said Steven Hawkins, executive director of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. For now, he said, "There is not a fifth vote for change."

62. Death Penalty For Juveniles? on the death penalty. Contact executive director Richard Dieter, 202293-6970. •The American Bar Association opposes capital punishment for juveniles and http://www.chewinthefat.com/artman/publish/deathpnltyjuv.shtml

ChewinTheFat.com News and Information Main Info Request E-mail Last Updated: Nov 15th, 2002 - 23:10:12  Categories Business Economy Entertainment ... World News Search All Categories Business Economy Entertainment Environment Foreign Policy Health Humor Music National News Political Cartoons Politics Religion Sports Technology Trivia World News Advanced Search Religion Death Penalty for Juveniles? By Nov 5, 2002, 12:09 Email this article Printer friendly page NOVEMBER 4, 2002 DEATH PENALTY Is the juvenile death penalty dying out? The federal and state tug-of-war over who will try 17-year-old suspected sniper John Lee Malvo first illustrates society's dilemma over whether to execute kids who kill. It's a debate that, on Oct. 21, the U.S. Supreme Court steered back to state legislatures. Though the court declined to consider abolishing executions of juveniles on a 5-4 vote, the dissenting justices condemned the practice. Justice John Paul Stevens said since the court upheld the death penalty for juvenile killers in 1989, a national consensus against such executions has developed. Is that true? In recent years, Indiana, Montana and Kansas have banned the execution of people who were under 18 at the time of their crimes. Twenty-two states currently permit execution of juveniles, although only six - Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and Virginia - have executed juveniles since 1990, for a total of 18 juvenile executions. Legislation to bar the juvenile death penalty is active in 10 states: Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Texas. Nationally, eighty-two convicts are on Death Row for crimes committed as juveniles.

63. Editorial - Capital Punishment For Youth capital punishment for Youth by Chris B. the death penalty as the standard punishmentfor murder. Executions of juveniles began in 1642 with Thomas Granger http://www.m-a-h.net/inkdroppings/cb-punishment.htm

[home] [read editorials] [read poetry] [about webmistress] ... [contact] Capital Punishment for Youth by Chris B. How can murder be taken seriously, if the penalty isn't equally as serious? A crime, after all, is only as severe as the punishment that follows it. As Edward Koch once said: "It is by exacting the highest penalty for the taking of human life, that we affirm the highest value of human life." Our society needs to reconsider the death penalty as the standard punishment for murder. To deter crime and make the death penalty more effective we should not condone murders that children between 11-17 commit. Executions of juveniles began in 1642 with Thomas Granger, Plymouth Colony, MA. In the 350 years since that time, approximately 346 persons have been executed for juvenile crimes. The current age of juvenile offenders on death row range between nineteen and thirty nine. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, there have only been 9 executions of inmates sentenced for juvenile crimes. Statistics obtained for the US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, maintains that 13 percent of the death row population were under the age of nineteen, at the time of arrest. They also state that 2.2 percent of the population were seventeen or under at the time of arrest. As of December 31, 1997, there were 67 juvenile arrests on death row. Their time there, ranges between two weeks to over 19 years. All 67 were there for murder and their total victim count was 89. These are more than just statistics, these are children who kill.

64. Statesman.com Opinion Death Penalty We Must Draw The Line At consider racial disparities in the capital punishment system and is practicing thisform of punishment in near permit the death penalty for juveniles, but none http://www.austin360.com/aas/editorial/leg_78/0901deathpenalty.html

65. Juvenile Executions Update - The Advocate: Jan. 2000 committed as juveniles. Even within the US, the federal government and 15 of the38 states that impose capital punishment prohibit the death penalty for crimes http://dpa.state.ky.us/library/advocate/jan00/juvdeath.html

The Advocate Volume 22, No. 1, Jan. 2000 Juvenile Executions Update From the Juvenile Justice Center Below please find an editorial by ABA President William G. Paul urging the end to the juvenile death penalty. President Paul has also written letters to Governors Gilmore and Bush urging them to stay three upcoming juvenile executions; you can find the text of these letters on the Internet at http://www.abanet.org/media/deathpenalty.html AMERICA ON THE THRESHOLD OF SETTING A SHAMEFUL RECORD U.S. Should Ban Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders By William G. Paul President, American Bar Association The United States has been found by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to violate international law, because we, alone among the nations of the western world, execute individuals for crimes they committed as juveniles. Even within the U.S., the federal government and 15 of the 38 states that impose capital punishment prohibit the death penalty for crimes committed under the age of 18. While the American Bar Association believes that young people who commit violent crimes should be appropriately punished, it has long opposed imposition of the death penalty on any person for an offense committed while they were under the age of 18. Recognizing the paired trends of a growing reliance on capital punishment generally and a willingness to prosecute juveniles as adults, the ABA in 1983 cited a looming specter of juvenile executions, but could find no rational justification for killing juvenile offenders.

66. The Petition - Stanford reserves the right to impose capital punishment is no of the remaining countriesthat executed juveniles in recent raised the age for the death penalty to 18 http://www.thedeathhouse.com/deathhousenewfi_284.htm

About Us Letters Slideshow Stuff World Developments ... Weird Happenings Death Row Can Be A Very Strange Place Death Penalty News from Around the World Women and the Death Penalty; Executed Juveniles Spotlight On Death Row Scheduled Executions Issues Front Page ... Executed On Death Row -Kevin Stanford The Petition before the Supreme Court The Supreme Court ruled in the Kevin Stanford case in 1989 that imposing a death sentence on a 16 or 17-year-old was not cruel or unusual punishment. The justices ruled that no national consensus among death penalty states barred the death penalty for young offenders and laws in states that restrict driving and drinking to those 18 or older were not relevant to the argument. In her petition to the Supreme Court, Margaret O'Donnell, Stanford's lawyer, argues that it time for the high court to revisit the issue. She argues that a national consensus has been reached against executing juvenile offenders and that an international treaty signed by the Untied States bars the execution of offenders under 18. The petition also argues that the execution of Stanford would be a violation of a treaty signed by the United States that bans the execution of persons convicted of crimes as a juvenile.

67. The Case Against The Death Penalty Co., 1991 Victor T. Streib, death penalty for juveniles, Indiana University Press,1987; and Louis P. Masur, Rites of Execution capital punishment and the http://users.rcn.com/mwood/deathpen.html

The Case Against The Death Penalty by Hugo Adam Bedau Contents Preface Introduction Deterrence Unfairness ... Notes Preface Hugo Adam Bedau is Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University. He has written and edited a number of books on political philosophy and on capital punishment, including Death is Different (1987) and The Death Penalty in America , 3rd edition (1982 ). He gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Henry Schwarzschild, Director Emeritus of the ACLU Capital Punishment Project. The American Civil Liberties Union holds that the death penalty inherently violates the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment and the guarantee of due process of law and the equal protection of the laws. The imposition of the death penalty is inconsistent with fundamental values of our democratic system. The state should not arrogate unto itself the right to kill human beings, especially when it kills with premeditation and ceremony, under color of law, in our names, and when it does so in an arbitrary and discriminatory fashion. In the judgment of the ACLU, capital punishment is an intolerable denial of civil liberties. We shall therefore continue to seek to prevent executions and to abolish capital punishment by litigation, legislation , commutation, or by the weight of a renewed public outcry against this brutal and brutalizing institution. Capital Punishment Project American Civil Liberties Union 122 Maryland Avenue, N.E.

68. Resolution On The Death Penalty In The United States in cases where the death penalty is applied to juveniles (Grisso Schwartz, 2000;Lewis et al., 1988); and. WHEREAS capital punishment appears statistically http://www.apa.org/pi/deathpenalty.html

The Death Penalty In The United States WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS WHEREAS THEREFORE , BE IT RESOLVED, that the American Psychological Association: Calls upon each jurisdiction in the United States that imposes capital punishment not to carry out the death penalty until the jurisdiction implements policies and procedures that can be shown through psychological and other social science research to ameliorate the deficiencies identified above. References Bailey, W. C. (1990). Murder, capital punishment, and television execution publicity and homicide rates. American Sociological Review, 55, 628-633. Bailey, W. C. (1983). Disaggregation in deterrence and death penalty research: The case of murder in Chicago. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 74(3), 827-859. Bersoff, D.N. (1987). Social science data and the Supreme Court: Lockhart as a case in point. American Psychologist, 42(1), 52-58. Bowers, W. J. (1983). The pervasiveness of arbitrariness and discrimination under post-Furman capital statutes. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 74(2), 1067-1100. Bowers, W.J. (1988). The effect of execution is brutalization, not deterrence. In K.C. Haas and J.A. Inciardi (Eds.). Challenging capital punishment: Legal and social science approaches (49-90). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

69. Juveniles Vs. Capital Punishment Below is a short sample of the essay juveniles vs capital punishment . Some of themore forceful arguments against the death penalty include the death penalty http://www.coursework.info/i/4681.html

The UK's largest coursework and essay database All Categories This Category You are in: Coursework and Essays GCSE Religious Studies Themes and Issues ... Capital Punishment Juveniles vs. Capital Punishment Below is a short sample of the essay "Juveniles vs. Capital Punishment" . If you sign up you could be reading the rest of this essay in under two minutes. Registered users should log in to view the full essay ... criminals; they can still be rehabilitated. Some of the more forceful arguments against the death penalty include the death penalty being morally wrong. A society that believes it must kill people in order to solve its problems is an uncivilized society. If we were truly a civil society, we would work our hardest to overcome the problems that we face rather than using the quick-fix method of simply killing someone. Another point is that the threat of death does not deter violent crime. Evidence suggests that it is no more effective than long prison terms. In addition, the death penalty is not applied fairly; young people cannot be expected to have the mature judgment of an ad ... All formatting has been removed from the sample of this essay. Inside

70. Death Penalty Links Over 300 links to organizations, reports, and other sites related to capital punishment.Category Society Issues death penalty Directories...... Texas Execution Procedures and History. juveniles and the death penalty. Freed Fromdeath Row. Wrongful Convictions and Illegal Sentences to capital punishment. http://faculty.etsu.edu/blankenm/deathlinks.htm

71. Death-penalty Foes Get Forum Bob Heleringer, RLouisville, a death-penalty opponent. who has evaluated six juvenilescharged with Opponents of capital punishment for juveniles picked up an http://enquirer.com/editions/2001/10/17/loc_death-penalty_foes.html

var zflag_nid="215"; var zflag_cid="78/74/2"; var zflag_width="468"; var zflag_height="60"; Apr. 4, 2003 HOME LOCAL SPORTS BUSINESS ... Survey /* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on the next lines. */ var pageName="" var server="" var channel="" var pageType="" var pageValue="" var prop1="" var prop2="" var prop3="" var prop4="" var prop5="" var prop6="news" var prop7="" var prop8="" var prop9="" var prop10="" /********* INSERT THE DOMAIN AND PATH TO YOUR CODE BELOW ************/ /********** DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING ELSE BELOW THIS LINE! *************/ var s_code=' ' var zflag_nid="215"; var zflag_cid="74/2"; var zflag_width="120"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="3"; Wednesday, October 17, 2001 Death-penalty foes get forum General Assembly hearing was chance to condemn practice The Associated Press FRANKFORT Capital punishment opponents have long been frustrated by legislators who generally favor the death penalty. Rep. Gross Lindsay, D-Henderson, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, agreed to give the topic a hearing but was vague about what else might happen. Interim committees, like the one that met Tuesday, cannot take any official action. Only during the legislative session, which begins in January, can legislators do anything substantive.

72. Monroe County (NY) Library System - Crime And Criminal Justice - Death_penalty National Crime Justice Information Center juveniles and the death penalty Thisbulletin examines the history of capital punishment and Supreme Court http://mcls.rochester.lib.ny.us/crime/death_penalty.html

Death Penalty Resources Death Row Opposing Views Supporting Views Juveniles and the Death Penalty ... The Death Penalty Worldwide Death Row The Constitution Project: Death Penalty Initiative The Constitution Project’s death penalty initiative is a " bipartisan committee of death penalty supporters and opponents who all agree that the risk of wrongful executions in this country has become too high. " Cornell School of Law: Death Penalty Resources The Legal Information Institute at Cornell University provides a wealth of information and resources concerning the death penalty. Death Penalty Information by State Provides death penalty information state by state Death Penalty Information Center A non-profit organization, this site offers the most comprehensive resources concerning the death penalty such as state-by-state info, women and juveniles on death row, teacher curriculum and international resources. Derechos : Human Rights and the Death Penalty Derechos Human Rights is the first internet based human rights organization. Their purpose is to work for the promotion and respect of human rights all over the world. Access facts, laws, general and regional sites, abolitionist and pro-death penalty sites, writings from death row and more.

73. Capital Punishment for the following databases death penalty capital punishment execution. such as women,juveniles, and mental death penalty Information and Resources This site http://www.moraine.tec.wi.us/services/library/guides/cp.shtml

text only printable page search about us ... online courses Capital Punishment Scope Capital punishment is defined as the punishment by death for a capital crime. This guide will help the user locate resources that deal with the subject of capital punishment. Overview The following resources will provide the user with general background information on this topic. Encyclopedia Britannica WB Reference Collection Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States Books and Videos Use the MPTC Catalog to find books, e-books, and videos on this subject. Sample keyword searches: death penalty capital punishment Periodical Articles Use the following databases to find articles on this topic. Sample searches for the following databases: death penalty capital punishment execution Ebsco Contains articles from over 5000 magazines and journals covering a wide variety of topics.

74. Part I Introduction To The Death Penalty Early Death Penalty Laws chronicles the United State's use of the death penalty over the past four centuries.The chart highlights the gradual rise in use of capital punishment in the http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/history1.html

75. Death Penalty: The International Context Comprehensive examination of the issue presents United Nations documents, international body reports and global perspectives. of the death penalty is found below. Internationally, capital punishment is widely considered death penalty for all crimes in 1998, and the United Kingdom abolished capital punishment http://www.uaa.alaska.edu/just/death/intl.html

Focus on the Death Penalty Focus on Gun Control Index to Links ... Index Focus on the Death Penalty The International Context According to Amnesty International, at least 2,258 prisoners in 37 countries were known to have been executed in 1998 and 4,845 persons in 78 countries were known to have received death sentences. These numbers reflect only cases Amnesty International knows about; actual numbers are probably higher. Further information on the current international status of the death penalty is found below. See also on the death penalty and movements toward worldwide abolition as called for by the United Nations and other international bodies. The U.N. Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions is mandated by the U.N. Commission for Human Rights to address instances of executions that violate international standards regarding human rights and the right to life. Internationally, capital punishment is widely considered as a human rights issue. Three major

76. Close Up Foundation: Captal Punishment In The United States capital punishment/death penalty. Pro (Supporting) capital been written against capital punishment than supporting it. "Does capital punishment Deter Crime?". "The death penalty." http://www.closeup.org/punish.htm

Close Up Foundation Special Topic Page: Capital Punishment in the United States December 1999 Written and compiled by Sharon C. Smith Photo courtesy of the Virginia Department of Corrections. Close Up Materials on Capital Punishment Historical Overview Policy Arguments Statistics Teaching Activity ... Miscellaneous Historical Overview of Capital Punishment in the United States Introduction Colonial America to the 1780s 1789 to the Early 20th Century The Bill of Rights ... The Death Penalty Around the World Introduction The sentence of death has been an accepted form of justice through the ages. Geography, culture, and the passing of time have varied its form, the offenses for which it has been imposed and its recipients. Today in the United States, capital punishment is an integral part of the criminal justice system. Capital punishment has also remained a perennial "hot button" issue; when the average person is asked if he or she supports the death penalty, that person is likely to give a definitive yes or no answer. Therefore, as the national debate continues, it is important to understand how capital punishment has evolved in the United States. Colonial America to the 1780s James Kendall was the first English colonist executed in the New World in 1608 at the Jamestown settlement.

77. Death Penalty News, information, facts and figures about the movement to abolish the death penalty worldwide.Category Society Issues death penalty Opposing Views...... the inherent flaws in the application of the death penalty by the Illinois GovernorRyan’s Commutation Empowers 38 Executing States to End capital punishment. http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/

Death Penalty Home Abolition Flashcard Subscribe to AIUSA's email newsletter on the death penalty About the Program Weekend of Faith in Action Take Action Death Penalty in the U.S. AI Reports Fact Sheets Juveniles Deterrence Mental Retardation Mental Illness ... Death Penalty Links Amnesty International needs your help to stop the execution of juvenile offender Scott Hain. Join us. Take action now Send a postcard The Death Penalty and Juvenile Offenders Listen to actor Scott Winters, who plays a death row inmate on the hit HBO series "Oz," for his take on the death penalty for juvenile offenders. Learn more about the death penalty and juvenile offenders. Recent Reports: USA: Indecent and Internationally Illegal - The Death Penalty Against Child Offenders PDF format RTF format Children and the Death Penalty - Executions Worldwide Since 1990 PDF format RTF format 28 March 2003 USA: Oklahoma’s Scheduled Execution of Juvenile Offender Scott Hain Defies International Law (Washington, DC) - Amnesty International USA (AIUSA) today asked the Oklahoma Board of Pardon and Parole to recommend clemency for juvenile offender Scott Hain, scheduled for execution April 3rd. The first juvenile offender to be executed in the US in 2003, Hain's case signals renewed US defiance of binding international law that prohibits executing a person who committed his crime while under the age of 18.

78. Amnesty International: Program To Abolish The Death Penalty executed. 47% prefers life without parole to capital punishment butonly 33% would choose death penalty for the crime of murder. 79 http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/public_opinion.html

Death Penalty Home Featured Death Penalty Action Abolition Flashcard Subscribe to AIUSA's email newsletter on the death penalty About the Program Death Penalty in The U.S. AI Reports Fact Sheets Death Penalty Juveniles Deterrence Mental Retardation ... Military Death Penalty Public Opinion Racial Prejudices Arbitrary and Unfair Proceedings International Law Recidivism ... Death Penalty Links PUBLIC OPINION PDF format RTF format A Harris poll found that as of July 2001, 67% of those polled favor capital punishment, up from 64% in 2000 but still down from the 75% in 1997. Public support for the death penalty drops to below 50% when people are offered alternative sentences. Recent Sample Polls In North Carolina: 70% of the respondents in a recent poll support a moratorium on executions in the state. 65.4 % prefer life without parole for persons with mental retardation. 66.8% think innocent people have been sentenced to death or executed in North Carolina in the past 25 years. ( North Carolina Academy of Trial Lawyers In Florida: 45% of those polled support the death penalty when offered the option of life in prison without parole. (

79. Coordinating Council On Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention - November 2 juveniles were thus guaranteed certain rights, but they the same punishments, includingcapital punishment, as adults of the juvenile death penalty, the Court http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/coordcouncil/cc_03.html

History of the Juvenile Death Penalty Thomas Graunger, the first juvenile known to be executed in America, was tried and found guilty of bestiality in 1642 in Plymouth Colony, MA (Hale, 1997). Since that execution, 361 individuals have been executed for crimes committed when they were juveniles (Streib, 2000). Kent v. United States The seriousness and type of offense and the manner in which it was committed. The sophistication and maturity of the juvenile as determined by consideration of his or her homelife, environmental situation, emotional attitude, and pattern of living. The juvenile's record and history. The prospects for protecting the public and rehabilitating the juvenile. Juveniles were thus guaranteed certain rights, but they still potentially faced the same punishments, including capital punishment, as adults in the criminal justice system. In the 1980's, the Supreme Court was repeatedly asked to rule on whether the execution of a juvenile offender was permissible under the Constitution. Eddings v.

80. Should Death Penalty Apply To 16-year-olds? | Csmonitor.com Should death penalty apply to 16year-olds? Florida votes on the issue, whilecapital punishment for juveniles draws attention in the sniper case. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1031/p02s01-usju.htm

from the October 31, 2002 edition - http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1031/p02s01-usju.html Should death penalty apply to 16-year-olds? Florida votes on the issue, while capital punishment for juveniles draws attention in the sniper case. By Warren Richey MIAMI - In an important moment of candor, US Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens last week criticized the high court's refusal to examine during the current term the constitutionality of applying capital punishment to juveniles. "In the last 13 years, a national consensus has developed that juvenile offenders should not be executed. No state has lowered the age eligibility to either 16 or 17 since our decision [permitting the execution of 16-year-olds] in 1989," Justice Stevens said in a dissent joined by three other justices. "In fact, the movement is in exactly the opposite direction." Next Tuesday, voters in Florida will have an opportunity to verify or invalidate Stevens's observation. Constitutional Amendment No. 1 on the Florida ballot, if approved, would lower Florida's capital-punishment age eligibility from 17 to 16. It would do it by changing Florida's state constitutional ban on "cruel or unusual punishment" to ban instead "cruel and unusual punishment."

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