41. General Chinese History General chinese history. A Brief Disucssing Opportunity General ChineseHistory Main Menu Chinese Culture History Bibliography Last updated http://www.nortropic.com/lis341/tao/general.html

General Chinese History A Brief History of China is an introduction to the history of China. It includes little information and no graphic, but provides an overview. Chinese History comprises reference tools, general history, history of science, history by periods and many documents. It is a very comprehensive website from where to explore Chinese history. History of China is converted from the history portion of the Army Area Handbook on China . The content is extensive and appropriate for high school or college students. China 5000 - Timeline of the History of China is an interactive timeline representation of Chinese History, including culture, art, education, science, government and politics reference of China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. There are a list of emperors and brief background information about every dynasty. It also collects some figures of emperors and pictures of presidents and governors in Taiwan. It can be a beginers' reference. A Modern Chinese History Virtual Library collects the most complete sources of modern Chinese historical information on the internet. Last updated 17 August 96 Designed by Chia-wen Tao Please Comment e-mail: tao@mail.utexas.edu

42. Chinese History Introduction. This site is to help people get access to differentkinds of resources about chinese history in the Internet. There http://www.nortropic.com/lis341/tao/

Introduction This site is to help people get access to different kinds of resources about Chinese history in the Internet. There are innumerable historical data and thousands of research results that we can never completely go through in our individual lives. If peo ple can share and exchange their efforts and experiences via the Internet, they can save large amount of time in fumbling alone, and learn a lot from others. Besides, it is advantageous to understand the truth from various points of view from people of o ther countries. Owing to the development and expansion of the Internet, these dreams do come true. We are getting more and more opportunity to study thoughts and minds of those who disperse all over the world. Some day, it'll be possible that we might not know each other but we understand each other. I spent a lot of time on searching this topic from every aspect; then went through those sites which I thought were promising; finally, culled these items and made some comments on them. Though they are only my personal opinions, I really hope my efforts would offer some directions to persons who are not my countrymen but are interested in Chinese culture. Almost all of the web sites I found are basically an introduction to part of the Chinese history or culture. Those who are doing academic research f or graduate study might find that the information got from these sites is far from what they expect; more on-line library search is recommended. As for ordinary people, they are very extensive and helpful.

43. Japanese War Crimes Search Over 7000 Stock Symbols with Price, PE, Market Cap., Earning, HistoryLinks. Japanese War Crimes; Korean War FAQ. Chinese Military Links. http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~dyue/wiihist/

For our common humanity What experience and history teach is this That people and government never have learned anything from history, or acted on the principles deduced from it. - G.W.F. Hegel, Philosophy of History This page has been moved to http://centurychina.com/wiihist/

44. Chinese History Sites A Brief Chinese Chronology http//www.cernet.edu.cn/history/brief.html;chinese history http//www.edepot.com/taochinahistory.html; http://www.cybercom.net/~jham/china/pages/chinese_history_sites.htm

General Resources Time Lines Modern History The People's Republic of China ... Windows On China: Main Page General Resources China History Link http://www.snowcrest.net/jmike/china.html China 5000 Pro - Timeline of the History of China http://www.china5k.com/timeline1.html ...timeline of dynasties from Xia (2183 B.C.) to Modern China with links to information about the time periods and the rulers History of China: Table of Contents http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/toc.html Terracotta Warriors: A Fantastic Tourist Attraction in China http://www.chinavista.com/travel/terracotta/main.html Chronology Of History - China National Tourist Office http://tfsrvr.travelfile.com/text/product_aztvl/pri_id10158654/seq_num45/srch_mode/ A Brief Chinese Chronology http://www.cernet.edu.cn/history/brief.html Chinese History http://www.edepot.com/taochinahistory.html Asiapac- 100 Chinese Emperors http://www.span.com.au/100emperors/

45. The Legacy Project: Legacy Events Index chinese history In China, much of the first half of the 20th centuryinvolved a struggle between different political forces to control http://www.legacy-project.org/events/display.html?ID=8

46. Chinese History chinese history. Imperial Power. Two major dynasties dominated chinese history afterChu's seizure of power in the 14th century. The Ming Dynasty (13681644). http://www.cohums.ohio-state.edu/deall/jin.3/c231/refs/hist.htm

Chinese History The Earliest Dynasties The Shang Dynasty (1766-1027 BC) The Chou Dynasty (1122?-256 BC) Period of Disunion ... Aging Leadership According to Chinese tradition, the Chinese people originated in the Huang He (Hwang Ho or Yellow River) valley. The legends tell of a creator, P'an Ku, who was succeeded by a series of heavenly, terrestrial, and human sovereigns. Archaeological evidence is scant, although remains of Homo erectus, found near Beijing, have been dated back 460,000 years. Rice was grown in eastern China circa 5500 BC, and about five centuries later an agricultural society developed in the Huang He valley. There is strong evidence of two so-called pottery cultures, the Yang-shao culture (3950?-1700? BC), and the Lung-shan culture (2000?-1850? BC). The Earliest Dynasties Tradition names the Hsia (1994?-1766? BC) as the first hereditary Chinese dynasty, which ended only when a Hsia ruler fell into debauchery, mistreated his people, and was subsequently overthrown. However, there is no archaeological record to confirm this story; the Shang is the earliest dynasty for which reliable historical evidence exists. The Shang Dynasty (1766-1027 BC) The account of the fall of the Shang dynasty that appears in traditional Chinese histories follows closely the story of the fall of the Hsia. The last Shang monarch, a cruel and debauched tyrant, was overthrown by a vigorous king of Chou, a state in the Wei River valley. Situated on the northwestern fringes of the Shang domain, the culture of Chou was a blend of the basic elements of Shang civilization and certain of the martial traditions characteristic of the non-Chinese peoples to the north and west.

47. Patterns In Chinese History Patterns in chinese history. The Dynastic Cycle. Unity and Disunity. Throughoutchinese history, we can see a general pattern of unity and disunity. http://www.cohums.ohio-state.edu/deall/jin.3/c231/handouts/h15.htm

Patterns in Chinese History The Dynastic Cycle The Chinese have traditionally treated their history as a succession of dynasties, in each of which one family monopolized the throne. This reflects a belief that developed in China's antiquity and became a foundation stone of all subsequent political thought - that rulers of China, without themselves being divinities or enjoying a divine right to rule in the traditional Western sense, ruled in hereditary succession as earthly legates of Heaven. That is, rulers possessed a Mandate of Heaven to rule. Mandate of Heaven This is the belief that Heaven determines a man's destiny. A ruler can rule because of this destiny. In the same logic, when a ruler is overthrown, the ruler of the new dynasty often claims that the overthrown monarch's destiny has been changed by Heaven because of his wrong-doings. Or the Mandate of Heaven to rule for that monarch has been revoked by Heaven and the Mandate of Heaven to rule falls on the new ruler. Therefore, the rise and fall of dynasties has been considered legitimate and the new dynasty deserves allegiance from the people. Unity and Disunity Throughout Chinese history, we can see a general pattern of unity and disunity. Unifying China, with all its geographic and cultural diversity has always been a major achievement, and keeping it stably unified has always been difficult. When China broke apart into regional polities, chaos and war usually occurred. This usually created the right atmosphere for the development of Buddhism and Taoism. On the other hand, when China was a unified whole, Confucianism usually got an upper hand. It was during those periods that China's influence abroad began to rise.

48. Lis353 History chinese history. The following are links related to Chinese Chronologyof chinese history. Chronological Outline This is a chronology of http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~jaho/history.html

CHINESE HISTORY The following are links related to Chinese history, beginning with sites related to chronology and further divided into three periods: ancient and medieval, transition to modern period, and contemporary. Within each time period, one may click on the historical overview links to get a brief summary of key events during those periods. Lesson plan links follow the overview links. [Chronology of Chinese History] [Ancient and Medieval Chinese History] [Transition to the Modern Period] [Contemporary Period in Chinese History] Chronology of Chinese History Chronological Outline This is a chronology of the historical periods and dynasties of China, accompanied by summaries of major events that occurred during each one. It was put together at Columbia University. Comparative U.S.-China Timeline Activity Designed for high school students. In this activity, students use reference tools and their textbook to look up historical dates for Chinese and U.S. events, and put them in order to develop a timeline. Ancient and Medieval Chinese history (2000 B.C. - A.D. 1644)

49. Fairbank Chinese History Library: Rob Gray A Modern chinese history Virtual Library . Virtual Librarian RobertGray robgray@umich.edu. The Fairbank chinese history Virtual http://cnd.cnd.org/fairbank/

From the CND Virtual Bookshelf Title Category China : A New History (by John King Fairbank History Your viewing of this page is made possible by the CND corporate sponsorship program - A Modern Chinese History Virtual Library - Virtual Librarian: Robert Gray robgray@umich.edu The Fairbank Chinese History Virtual Library was founded to facilitate easy access to sources of modern Chinese historical information on the internet. This project is dedicated to the memory of Harvard Sinologist John King Fairbank (1907-1991). Many thanks to Wilma Fairbank who gave her consent for this project to bear her husband's name. We are grateful to China News Digest for providing technical support and allowing the Fairbank Library to exist on the CND server. The Fairbank Library Collection People's Republic of China (1949-present) Republican Era (1912-1949) Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) Virtual librarian Robert Gray welcomes contributions to this library from people anywhere in the Please send contributions and comments to robgray@umich.edu

50. Chinese Culture: History Table of Contents Tidbits of Chinese culture and history from thepages of Qi Journal. Take me there. Timeline of chinese history. http://qi-journal.com/Culture.asp?-token.Referrer=Culture&-token.Category=Histor

51. Chinese History Index (www.chinaknowledge.org) A universal guide for China studies from Chinaknowledge. chinese history. For anideal navigation, use the sitemap. To come back here, click chinese history. http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/history.htm

A universal guide for China studies from Chinaknowledge Chinese History For an ideal navigation, use the sitemap . To come back here, click Chinese History. Myth Prehistory Shang Western Zhou ... Later Han Time of Division: Three Kingdoms Jin and Southern Dynasties Tuoba-Wei and Northern Dynasties Sui ... People's Republic Post-Mao era Taiwan Other Asian Countries: Korea Japan Vietnam Thailand Laos Kambodia Burma (Myanmar) Of special interest for Chinese history is the skill to count time, i.e. the calendric system and the name system for rulers and their titles Chinese always stress that they have a five thousand years old history. The earliest Chinese records date from around 1200 BC. But China is the only one of these states that has survived until today. Nevertheless, the "ten thousand states" of the 13th century BC and the vast Qing imperium of the 18th century AD are in no way the same state, nor are the inhabitants the same peoples, nor have they the same sociological, economical, ideological and philosophical background. "Tradition" is a key word in China that serves as a handle for a vague cultural identification for one billion people with different personal roots. But real Chinese history is an agglomeration of many facets that shall be highlighted here. It is critical to walk on a path, being overloaded with too much details, but on the other side, one should not carry too few, in case that something is needed at a time never foreseen.

52. Chinese History - Western Zhou (www.chinaknowledge.org) chinese history. Western Zhou Dynasty (11 cent. 770 BC). For an ideal navigation,use the sitemap. To come back here, click chinese history - Western Zhou . http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/westzhou.htm

A universal guide for China studies from Chinaknowledge Chinese History Western Zhou Dynasty (11 cent. - 770 BC) Shang Dynasty ] Encoding: Unicode (UTF-8) [ Warring States Period bottom For an ideal navigation, use the sitemap . To come back here, click "Chinese History" - "Western Zhou". An Outline of Western Zhou History The Kings of Western Zhou Life and Culture State and Society ... Map of Eastern Zhou with Western Zhou locations in brackets What happened in the rest of the world? An Outline of Western Zhou ( Xi-Zhou 西周) History The Western Zhou period is a highlight of moral government and enlightened rule in the thinking of the Confucianists . In the Zhou Dynasty's eyes, heaven-appointed King Wen "the Cultured" 周文王 from the West received the heavenly mandate ( tianming 天命) of overthrow the depraved last king of the Shang Dynasty Shang oracle bones and careful examination of the historical texts instead show that the conquest of the Shang area was mere a result of the general eastern expansion of the Zhou people. Myths of the moving of the capital from Bin 豳 (or 邠) to Qishan 岐山 or Hao 鎬 are proved archeologically. Around 1150 BC, the Zhou moved from the Fen River 汾水 valley in Shanxi to the Wei River 渭水 valley in Shaanxi where they settled among the Rong 戎 and Di 狄 barbarians. After overthrowing the Shang Dynasty (a defeat that must have come quite suddenly for the Shang), Zhou rulership was in no way assured. It was not a foreigner who now acted as the enemy, but King Wu's 周武王 own half-brothers that challenged his rule. It was only after the defeat of his own family, the Zhou king could establish a reign that expanded rapidly beyond the old political borders of the Shang states.

53. East Asia Map of China (University of Maryland) Timeline of chinese history (University ofMaryland) An Overview of chinese history (Compton's Living Encyclopedia) The http://history.hanover.edu/eastasia/china/china.html

Internet Archive of Texts and Documents Texts and Documents: China General Map of China (University of Maryland) Timeline of Chinese History (University of Maryland) An Overview of Chinese History (Compton's Living Encyclopedia) The Great Wall: Text and Images (Purdue University) Image: The Great Wall (CUNY) The Forbidden City (Purdue University) Image: Temple of Heaven (UNESCO) Imperial Gardens (Purdue University) China: Basic Facts (Compton's Living Encyclopedia) Chinese Language and Pronunciation (Compton's Living Encyclopedia) Chinese Music (Audio) (Purdue University) The Classical Period Image: Shang Oracle Bone (CUNY) Yi Jing I Ching , Book of Changes) (Monash University) Yi Jing : Resources (Greg Whincup) Shi Jing (Book of Odes) (University of Virginia) 13 Classics of Ancient China (including "Book of Changes" and "Analects," in Chinese) (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) Mandate of Heaven (CUNY) Daoism (Taoism) (WWW Virtual Library) Dao De Jing (Tao Te Ching) : English Translations (WWW Virtual Library) Confucianism (Ammann) The Analects of Confucius (Chinese/English) (Monash University) The Analects of Confucius (Charles Muller) Zhuang Zi (The Chuang-tzu) (WWW Virtual Library) Gu Yao Yan (Traditional Chinese Ballads and Proverbs) (University of Virginia) Sun Zi (Sun Tzu),

54. Wessex Books Catalog Military HistoryChinachinese historyRussia. US$13.00 Add to Cart ARIEL,Yoav. Chinachinese history US$16.00 Add to Cart BACHHOFER, Ludwig. http://www.wessexbooks.com/catalog/?action=search&keyword=Chinese History

55. Chinese History reign should rival, if not surpass, those of the Tang (AD 618 910) and Song (AD960- 1279) dynasties, generally regarded as golden ages in chinese history. http://www.china-inc.com/education/history/ming.html

Education Series: About China Brought to you by Regent China Tours Ming Dynasty The Ming maritime expeditions stopped rather suddenly after 1433, the date of the last voyage. Historians have given as one of the reasons the great expense of large-scale expeditions at a time of preoccupation with northern defenses against the Mongols. Opposition at court also may have been a contributing factor, as conservative officials found the concept of expansion and commercial ventures alien to Chinese ideas of government. Pressure from the powerful Neo-Confucian bureaucracy led to a revival of strict agrarian-centered society. The stability of the Ming dynasty, which was without major disruptions of the population (then around 100 million), economy, arts, society, or politics, promoted a belief among the Chinese that they had achieved the most satisfactory civilization on earth and that nothing foreign was needed or welcome. In the early 1400s, a sailor named Zheng He (with a fleet of some 300-plus ships)sailed as far west as Mogadishu and Jiddah, and he may (or may not) have gotten to Madagascar. This is nearly 100 years before Columbus had the idea of trying to sail to Asia the long way around. But once the sailors came back, the trips were never followed up on. Conservative scholars at court failed to see the importance of them. For the first time in history, China was turning inwards, clinging to an incorrect interpretation of an outmoded philosophy.

56. Chinese History Education Series About China Brought to you by Regent China Tours History PreviewXia Dynasty Earlier, 2100 BC 1600 BC. Shang Dynasty, 1600 BC - 1100 BC. http://www.china-inc.com/education/history/

Education Series: About China Brought to you by Regent China Tours History Preview 2100 BC - 1600 BC Shang Dynasty 1600 BC - 1100 BC Zhou Dynasty 1100 BC - 221 BC Qin Dynasty 221 BC - 207 BC Han Dynasty 206 BC - 220 Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty Yuan Dynasty ... People's Republic of China 1949 - Present

57. Chinese Food History And Culture For Asian Recipes With Food Information And Rec Here is chinese history information with links to recipes, food information, foodculture, cooking methods, country informationan, food substitutions, and food http://asiarecipe.com/chihistory2.html

The Chinese Have a Word for It: The Complete Guide to Chinese Thought and Culture By Boye Lafayette De Mente List Price: Our Price: You Save: Ordering and reviews Riding the Iron Rooster: By Train Through China By Paul Theroux List Price: Our Price: You Save: Ordering and reviews Fodor's Exploring China By Christopher Knowles List Price: Our Price: You Save: Ordering and reviews China Current time in China Chinese History Eating and Drinking Culture Chinese Banquets Chinese Menu Reader Chimese New Year Traditions ... People's Republic of China Chinese History Timeline Xia Dynasty 21st century BC-16th century BC Shang Dynasty 16th century BC-1066 BC Western Zhou 1066 BC-771 BC Eastern Zhou: Spring and Autumn/Warring States 770 BC-221 BC Ch'in Dynasty 771 BC-206 BC Han Dynasty: Western Han Dynasty 206 BC-23 AD Eastern Han Dynasty The Three Kingdoms: Wei Shu Han Wu Western Jin Eastern Jin The Sixteen Kingdoms: Southern and Northern Dynasty Southern Dynasty Northern Dynasty Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Five Dynasties Sung Dynasty: Northern Sung Southern Sung Liao Dynasty Western Xia Dynasty Jin Dynasty Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Ch'ing Dynasty The Kuomintang Party The People's Republic of China 1949-the present Historical Setting The History Of China , as documented in ancient writings, dates back some 3,300 years. Modern archaeological studies provide evidence of still more ancient origins in a culture that flourished between 2500 and 2000 B.C. in what is now central China and the lower Huang He (Yellow River) Valley of north China. Centuries of migration, amalgamation, and development brought about a distinctive system of writing, philosophy, art, and political organization that came to be recognizable as Chinese civilization. What makes the civilization unique in world history is its continuity through over 4,000 years to the present century.

58. Chinese History, Regent Tour China chinese history Preview. Xia Dynasty Earlier, 2100 BC 1600 BC. Shang Dynasty,1600 BC - 1100 BC. Zhou Dynasty, 1100 BC - 221 BC. Qin Dynasty, 221 BC - 207 BC. http://www.regenttour.com/china/history/

Chinese History Preview 2100 BC - 1600 BC Shang Dynasty 1600 BC - 1100 BC Zhou Dynasty 1100 BC - 221 BC Qin Dynasty 221 BC - 207 BC Han Dynasty 206 BC - 220 Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty Yuan Dynasty ... People's Republic of China 1949 - Present Geography People History Art ... Regent Tour China Your China Specialist. Email: webmaster@regenttour.com

59. Royalty.nu - Chinese History - Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi Or Cixi The life of Tzu Hsi, who rose from being a concubine in the Forbidden City to become the empress of China.Category Society History Nineteenth Century People Tzu Hsi...... (UK). Hidden Power The Palace Eunuchs of Imperial China by Mary M. Anderson coversthe lives of prominent eunuchs from different times in chinese history. (UK). http://www.royalty.nu/Asia/China/TzuHsi.html

Royalty.nu World Royalty Asian Royalty China > Tzu Hsi > Books About Tzu Hsi Search Empress Dowager Tzu Hsi The Concubine and the Emperor Tzu Hsi (pronounced "Tsoo Shee" and spelled Cixi in Pinyin) was born on November 29, 1835. Her clan name was Yehonala or Yehenara. Little is known about her background, but according to some accounts her father was a captain in the banner corps that guarded the emperor's home, the Forbidden City. China at that time was ruled by the Manchus. The Manchus were originally nomads from Manchuria, located northeast of China. Around 220 BC Emperor Shih Hwang-ti of the Ch'in (or Qin) dynasty built a wall to keep Manchus and other barbarians out of China. More walls were built over the next 1,500 years, and the Ming dynasty (which ruled from 1368 to 1644) joined them together, forming the Great Wall of China, which still stands today. It was 1,500 miles long, on average 25 feet tall, and 15 to 30 feet thick at its base. Despite the wall the Manchus ultimately conquered China and established their own dynasty, the Ch'ing dynasty (Qing in Pinyin), so called because they claimed descent from the Ch'in dynasty. Like the emperor and most other prominent people in China at that time, Yehonala and her family were Manchu, and had little contact with Chinese people. Some writers have claimed that a teenager Yehonala fell in love with a Manchu garrison commander, Jung Lu and they planned to marry. But Yehonala's beauty and charm attracted the attention of others, and at the age of 16 she was chosen to be one of the concubines of Emperor Hsien Feng. Instead of marrying Jung Lu she went to live in the Forbidden City, a vast complex of palaces and gardens run by thousands of eunuchs.

60. Royalty.nu - Chinese History - The Last Emperor Of China, Henry Pu Yi (Hsuan Tun Short biography of Henry P'u Yi, last emperor of China, also the Japanese puppet emperor of Manchukuo Category Regional Asia History Personalities Pu Yi...... It was the first air raid in chinese history. (UK). The Great Chinese Revolutionby John King Fairbank covers chinese history between 1800 and 1985. (UK). http://www.royalty.nu/Asia/China/PuYi.html

Royalty.nu World Royalty Asia China > The Last Emperor > Books About P'u Yi Videos About P'u Yi Search The Last Emperor of China The Child Emperor The last emperor of China was Henry P'u Yi, pronounced "Poo yee." His name is also sometimes spelled P'u-i, Puyi, Pu-Yi, or Buyi. P'u Yi was a member of the Ch'ing (or Qing) Dynasty a Manchu. The Manchu were originally nomads from Manchuria, northeast of China. They conquered China in 1644, but kept themselves largely separated from the Chinese. They retained their own language and fashions, lived apart, and married other Manchus. For a long time Chinese people weren't even permitted to settle in the Manchu homeland. By the time P'u Yi was born on February 7, 1906, the Ch'ing Dynasty was in trouble. China had come to be dominated by foreign powers, mainly Westerners. The country was ruled by Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi (or Cixi), who had imprisoned the nominal emperor, Kuang Hsu, for conspiring against her. On her deathbed the empress named young P'u Yi the son of the imprisoned emperor's brother to succeed her. To make sure the current emperor didn't interfere in her plans, it is said, she had him poisoned. P'u Yi was nearly three years old when the dowager empress died. As emperor he was given the reign name Hsuan Tung. P'u Yi's father, Prince Ch'un, served as his son's regent. The prince disliked politics, and dissidents considered him weak. There was great resentment in China against foreigners and the Manchu government, and in 1911 rebellion swept through the country, forcing Prince Ch'un to resign as regent. Chinese general Yuan Shih-k'ai took over the government. He hoped to start his own ruling dynasty and suggested that P'u Yi should abdicate. Fearing the consequences if they refused, the Manchu Grand Council agreed, and on February 12, 1912, the five-year old emperor renounced his throne. He continued to live in the Forbidden City and was treated with enormous respect.

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