Geometry.Net - Basic_C: Cicada Insect

82. Cicada Killer Bibliography
size and flight performance on intermale mate competition in the cicada killer, Spheciusspeciosus Drury (Hymenoptera Sphecidae). Journal of insect Behavior 14
http://homepages.culver.edu/faculty/jcoelho/ckbib.htm
Cicada killer bibliography
Introduction
What follows is a partially annotated bibliography of scientific literature referring to cicada killers ( Sphecius speciosus Drury and S. grandis ). It is intended as a source for those interested in cicada killer biology. The research spans a time period of over one hundred years and covers topics ranging from basic natural history to molecular biology. The list may not be comprehensive, and some sources are not annotated because I have not yet obtained them. If you know of a relevant reference that is not on this list, or find a significant error here, please Email me at jcoelho@culver.edu . The current total number of references listed is: 58
References
Alcock, J. 1975. The behaviour of western cicada killer males, Sphecius grandis (Sphecidae, Hymenoptera). J. Nat. Hist. 9:561-566.
A comparison of male behavior between the western species ( Sphecius grandis ) and the eastern one.
Normally, a field guide would not be included here, but this one is notable for its errors. The entry claims that cicada killers are known for their painful sting, and the wasp in the photo provided has unusual colors (faded museum specimen?).
Balduf, W.V. 1941. Take offs by prey-laden wasps (Hymen.: Pompilidae, Sphecidae). Entomological News 52:91-92.

83. Dog Day Cicada
an empty pop can. The cicada's special muscle gets tired after a whileand the insect then stops to rest. This is what happens when
http://www.gpnc.org/dogday.htm
Common Name
Dog Day Cicada Scientific Name
Tibicen pruinosa A.K.A.:
The Harvestfly W eeee-oh, weeee-oh, weeee-oh, weeee-oh, weeee-oh, weeee-oh, weeee-oh - - - from late afternoon to dark, the male Dog Day Cicadas call from their perches in the trees to attract a mate. Starting in mid-summer and continuing for about two months the choruses of these noisy insects are an unmistakeable sign of the season. Cicadas are members of the Insect order Homoptera . Other insects in the same order are Aphids, Scale Insects, Leafhoppers, Treehoppers and the way-cool Froghoppers (also known as Spit Bugs!). Homopterans have a short, piercing/sucking mouthpart which resembles a hypodermic needle and their wings are clear for their entire length. The forewings of the similar Hemiptera , or True Bugs, have a thickened base. (Some authorities place these two groups as suborders within the order Heteroptera .) Both the Homoptera and the Hemiptera have incomplete metamorphosis , where the egg hatches into a nymph that grows through several stages called instars until it finally transforms into the adult stage. Adults are reproductive and may be recognized by the presence of wings. There are over 160 species of cicada in North America north of Mexico. They come in many different sizes. Some are found in prairies and others are found in woodlands.

84. O. Orkin Insect Zoo: Student Resources Component--Homoptera
Wooly aphid with wax filaments. Aphid with cornicles on abdomen. Mealybug scale insecttended by ant. cicada killer wasp with cicada. Froghopper nymph with spittle.
http://insectzoo.msstate.edu/Students/homoptera.html
Class Hexapoda Order: Homoptera Common NameCicadas, Leafhoppers,
Aphids, Scale Insects, and Others Names
The order Homoptera is pronounced "ho-MOP-ter-a". This scientific name comes from the Greek words "homo", which means same, and "ptera", which means wings. This name refers to the fact that the front wings, when present, are uniform in structure being either membranous or slightly thickened. The order Homoptera sometimes is included with the true bugs in Hemiptera.
Homoptera includes cicadas, treehoppers, froghoppers (or spittlebugs), leafhoppers, planthoppers, whiteflies, aphids (or plantlice), phylloxerans, and scale insects. Some leafhoppers with pointed heads are called sharpshooters. Scale insects that have soft, waxy coverings are called mealy bugs, and those with hard shells are called armored scales.
Diversity
More than 32,000 species of Homoptera are found throughout the world. Of these, about 4,000 are cicadas, 8,600 are leafhoppers, and 3,600 are aphids. Many species are yet to be described and named, especially in tropical regions. There are almost 6,400 species of Homoptera in the United States and Canada.
Habitats
Members of the order Homoptera are plant feeders and are found wherever plants grow. Some Homoptera, such as cicadas, live high in the tops of trees. There are some scale insects that feed on the roots of plants. Some species can be found in ants nests or in rotten logs. Many Homoptera are found in greenhouses or fields where crops are cultivated. There are no Homoptera that live in water.

85. The Gloworm
a locust or in rare cases they may use the name katydid; however, the insect is the 13 Year cicada or Periodical cicada. The body of the insect is slightly
http://www.msstate.edu/Entomology/GLOWORM/glow12.html
The gloworm
11 May 1998
Volume 6: no. 2
There are a lot of new things occurring this year which are noteworthy for all `bug' enthusiasts. In recent weeks, county offices and the entomology department alike have received hundreds of telephone inquiries about the `invasion of the cicadas.' In most `rural' areas of Mississippi the sound of thousands of cicada songs can be heard on a daily basis. It sounds like the invasion of the Martians. Dr. James Jarratt answers most of the calls which come in to the Entomology Department, so he wrote a short article on the 13 year cicada. I'm including it in this GLOWORM. Periodic Cicada - An insect which we have not seen in several years is generating a number of calls at some county offices. Counties which have reported problems are Oktibbeha, Clay, Winston, Newton, Chickasaw, Noxubee and Choctaw. Some people call the insect a locust or in rare cases they may use the name katydid; however, the insect is the "13 Year Cicada or "Periodical Cicada." The body of the insect is slightly over one inch in length with a blackish background color. The wings are clear with a yellow tinge, and in some cases they may show some reddish coloration. The eyes are very obvious - they are a bright red and really standout against the black body color. The insect spends 13 years in the soil as an immature and at the end of this period they emerge from the soil as the last stage nymph. They move about, until they encounter the trunk of a tree crawl up the tree and the adult emerges from the old nymphal skin. Hundreds of these cast skins can be found attached to trees. Soon after emergence they begin to sing and this "noise" can become very monotonous after listening to it for a period of time. The adults will be present for about three weeks. During this time mating will take place and soon after the females will begin to lay eggs. The eggs are deposited in the newest growth at the end of limbs and can occur in a variety of different trees- Oak, Hickory, Maple, Ash, Dogwood, etc. In some cases, fruit trees, such as Peach may be used as egg laying sites if the trees are close to wooded areas.

86. Cicada
cicada , large, noiseproducing insect of the order Homoptera, with a stout body,a wide, blunt head, protruding eyes, and two pairs of membranous wings.
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0812232.html

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Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia cicada [sik A u Pronunciation Key cicada , large, noise-producing insect Megacicada Tibicen species and others) are known as dog-day cicadas, or harvest flies, because the adults appear in late summer. Their life cycle is thought to be similar to that of the periodical cicadas, but in most species it is completed in two years. Cicada larvae do little damage, but when adults appear in large numbers their egg-laying may damage young trees. Cicadas are sometimes kept for their song in Asia, as they were in ancient Greece. They are classified in the phylum Arthropoda , class Insecta, order Homoptera, family Cicadidae. Cibber, Caius Gabriel

87. Apple Twig, Branch, And Wood Insect Pest Visual Key
information about a particular insect, go to the Index of Fruit insect Photographs,Biology apple tree borer, phot182.jpg phot1-82.jpg Periodical cicada, phot1-83
http://www.caf.wvu.edu/kearneysville/pest_descriptions/visualkey/awoodviskey.htm
Apple Twig, Branch, and Wood Insects Directory Clicking the thumbnail image will provide a larger photograph. For more detailed information about a particular insect, go to the Index of Fruit Insect Photographs, Biology, and Monitoring Information and select the appropriate fact sheet.
phot1-41.jpg
Rosy apple aphid
phot1-43.jpg
Woolly apple aphic
phot1-44.jpg
Woolly apple aphid
phot1-46.jpg
European red mite
phot1-65.jpg
San Jose scale phot1-69.jpg San Jose scale phot1-70.jpg Gypsy moth phot1-72.jpg Eastern tent caterpillar phot1-73.jpg Eastern tent caterpillar phot1-79.jpg Dogwood borer phot1-80.jpg Prionus borer phot1-81.jpg Roundheaded apple tree borer phot1-82.jpg Periodical cicada phot1-83.jpg Periodical cicada phot1-84.jpg Periodical cicada Photographs have been reprinted with permission from the Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide , published by NRAES, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-5701. (607) 255-7654. From "Apple - Direct Pests" by L. A. Hull, D. G. Pfeiffer, and D. J. Biddinger and "Apple - Indirect Pests" by D. G. Pfeiffer, L. A. Hull, D. J. Biddinger, and J. C. Killian.

88. Www.agcom.purdue.edu/AgCom/news/archives/99/Jul/07-23/OSL%20-%20Cicadas
By either name, locust or cicada, the insect fascinates us as much as it didpeople in Aesop's day. Biologically, the life cycle is interesting.
http://www.agcom.purdue.edu/AgCom/news/archives/99/Jul/07-23/OSL - Cicadas
On Six Legs The Treetops are Alive with the Sounds of Cicadas As has been the case for many millennia, summer brings the sound of cicadas. Cicadas are members of the insect order Homoptera. This order includes plant hoppers, leaf hoppers, whiteflies, scale insects and aphids. Most people recognize these insects as pests. And many Homoptera do damage to plants by feeding on plant sap and sometimes transmitting plant diseases. Homoptera generally are small insects. Cicadas are an exception. They range in size from one to two inches in length. Cicadas are well known because of their sound production. Two organs on the abdomen are used to create sounds. Each organ includes a membrane and a ribbed structure called a tymbal. When the tymbal is vibrated by strong muscles, the "song" is produced and amplified by the membrane. Cicada songs are produced only by males. The male sings to attract the female of the species. Each type of cicada has a specific song, but to humans, most of the songs can be described as a buzz. When many cicadas are singing in unison, the buzz can become quite annoying-and loud! So loud that some folks have described the music as a deafening racket. Regardless of the human perception of the quality of the sound of cicadas, their singing certainly attracts attention. Some authorities hold that the grasshopper in Aesop's Fable of the grasshopper and the ant actually may have been a cicada in the original tale. Both insects were well known to ancient peoples. Both grasshoppers and cicadas emerge in large numbers and produce sound. And essential to the fable, neither insect plans for the winter at least by laying in food as do the ants. Confusion between cicadas and grasshoppers has occurred several times throughout recorded history. Such confusion occurred in North America when the first European settlers arrived. They encountered great emergences of cicadas and called them locusts, the name commonly used in other parts of the world for migratory grasshoppers. As a result, in the United States, we frequently refer to cicadas as locusts. By either name, locust or cicada, the insect fascinates us as much as it did people in Aesop's day. Biologically, the life cycle is interesting. The adult female lays eggs in slits under the bark of the twigs of trees. The eggs hatch and the young cicada drops to the ground where it crawls into the soil. In the soil, it feeds on the roots of trees. After its immature stage is complete, the cicada crawls out of the soil, mostly during nighttime hours. From there, it climbs up tree trunks, sides of houses or fence posts where it attaches and emerges from its immature skin. The skin, called a shell by many people, is left for children to collect. Cicadas, depending on species, spend anywhere from 1 to 17 years underground during the immature stage. The species with the 17-year life cycle are known as periodical cicadas. There are also periodical cicadas with a 13-year life cycle. Either way, the periodical cicadas have the longest life cycle of any insect, except the termite queens of Africa. The emergences of periodical cicadas sometimes results in millions of the adults present at the same time. Under these circumstances, the trees are literally alive with flying and singing insects. Native Americans were well aware of the singing cicadas. But these resourceful people enjoyed more than the song of the insect. Many Native Americans collected cicadas as they emerged from the soil, roasted them over a fire and ate them. For them, it was a delicacy complete with dinner music, provided by the delicacy! 7-22-99 Writer: Tom Turpin (765) 494-4568 Editor: Olivia Maddox (765) 496-3207

89. Cicada Specimens - Insecta Collections
cicadas, Page 2. Blue Wing cicada Thailand. 7 x 8 frame No. LA537BW. Only $64.95,Clear Wing cicada Asia. 8 x 10 frame. No. LA537-CW. Only $79.95.
http://www.einsteins-emporium.com/life/specimens/la537.htm
Specimens Home Mounted Bats Ostrich Eggs Butterflies ... Seashells / Mollusks Also see Insect Reference Insect Collecting Insect Replicas Activity Kits Elsewhere Books on Insects Insect Posters Cicadas, Page 2 Blue Wing Cicada
Thailand. 7" x 8" frame
No. LA537-BW. Only $64.95 Clear Wing Cicada
Asia. 8" x 10" frame.
No. LA537-CW. Only $79.95 Tacua speciousa Cicada
Malaysia. 7" x 8" frame.
No. LA537-TS. Only $74.95 Fulgorio (long nose) Cicada
Asia. 5" x 6" frame.
No. LA537-FL. Only $54.95 All of the cicada specimens on this page come in high-quality oak frames with glass on both front and black. This permits the specimen to be examined from all sides with no risk of damage. They can be hung on a wall and the thick frame lets them set up on a desk or shelf.. PLEASE NOTE: All of our butterflies, moths, beetles, spiders, and other arthropods are raised on special ranches for collectors. None are taken from the wild, and none are endangered. Due to the nature of real specimens, most items are made upon order.
Please allow 3 to 6 weeks for delivery for all real specimens. Certain specimens are only available seasonally.

90. JungleWalk - Flying Insect Sound And Flying Insect Audio, Flying Insect Poster
Stick insect US Fish and Wildlife Service, Counts Video27 Audio20 sites19 BladderCicada, Queensland Government Environmental Protection Agency, 0.204MB, WAV.
http://www.junglewalk.com/ZA000103.asp
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Insects
Flying Insects
Mayflies
Dragonflies ... Flying Insects
Flying Insects - Misc. Stick Insect
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Counts: Video:27 Audio:19 sites:19 Bladder Cicada Queensland Government - Environmental Protection Agency WAV Bladder Cicada Cicada The Longpoint schoolhouse WAV Cicada Buzz Cicada Environmental Program - Antonio Silveira Ribeiro dos Santos WAV Cicada sound clip Cicada Environmental Program - Antonio Silveira Ribeiro dos Santos WAV Cicada sound clip Cicada EarthEar The shifting densities and rhythmic patterns of cicadas pulse in the foreground, punctuated by a deep background of hooting pigeons and doves.. See details in the page below to buy the CD Cicada Cicada, 30 second clip Cicada Cicada, 331 second clip Cicada Cicada, 60 second clip

91. Cicada Killer
cicada killer, Sphecius speciosus (Drury) (Hymenoptera Sphecidae). Common Namecicada killer Scientific Name Sphecius speciosus (Drury) Order Hymenoptera.
http://insects.tamu.edu/images/insects/fieldguide/cimg331.html
Field Guide Index Images and Sounds Entomology Home Insect Orders ... Next Cicada Killer Click on image to enlarge Cicada killer,
Sphecius speciosus (Drury)
(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).
Photo by Drees. A sand wasp,
Bembix sp.
(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).
Photo by Drees. A tarantula hawk,
Pepsis sp.
(Hymenoptera:Pompilidae). Photo by Drees. Common Name: Cicada killer
Scientific Name: Sphecius speciosus (Drury)
Order: Hymenoptera Description: These wasps reach up to 1-½ inch in length. Except for a rusty red head and thorax, they are overall black or rusty in color, with yellow band markings on the abdominal segments. They have russet colored wings. Other sphecid wasps include digger wasps sand wasps Bembix sp.) and mud daubers . The tarantula hawk Pepsis sp., (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) is about 1-1/2 inches long, black with long legs and yellow-orange wings edged in black. Spider wasps (Pompilidae) provision their nests with spiders as food for their immatures. Pepsis sp. utilizes tarantulas as food for their immatures. They sting the tarantulas and drag them into burrows in the ground.

92. Penn State Entomology Insect Alerts
METHUSELAH OF THE insect WORLD TO EMERGE IN WESTERN PA. The periodical cicadais native to North America and exists nowhere else in the world.
http://www.ento.psu.edu/cicadaalert.htm

93. Our Friend, The Cicada
parts of the world. Stories about the sting of the cicada are falsetheinsect has no stinger. People sometimes mistake the vibrations
http://www.ia.wvu.edu/~magazine/sum99/htmlfiles/cicada.html
Those placemats in your local Chinese restaurant will tell you 1999 is the year of the hare, or rabbit. For many West Virginians, however, 1999 probably seems more like the year of a certain noisy insect-the periodical cicada. After spending nearly two decades living in underground tunnels sucking sap from the roots of trees and shrubs, millions of cicadas emerged from the ground in May and June. According to the WVU Extension Service, the irksome insects responded to their internal 17-year alarm clocks in 40 counties in the Mountain State this year, as well as in parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland. In their few weeks above ground, periodical cicadas mate, lay their eggs, and then die. Although they have a unique appearance-adult cicadas are one and one-half to two inches long and black with orange or orange-brown body stripes and red eyes and legs-the periodical cicada is best known for its incessant high-pitched droning, a sound many find annoying or even unbearable. The males of the species are the culprits. Females are voiceless. Morning to night, the males produce five different mating sounds, the most common one sounding like "farro." Another common noise produced by the insects is a whirring sound.

94. Periodical Cicada: 17-Year Locust: Garden Calendar
Periodical cicada 17Year Locust by Dr. John F. Baniecki The periodicalcicada, Magicicada septendecim, will emerge this coming
http://www.wchstv.com/homelawn/periodicalcicada.shtml
The Garden Calendar JAN FEB MAR APR ... DEC
The Articles Getting Started Organic Gardening Reclaiming Flooded Lawns and Gardens Gardening with Children Perennials Keep on Giving ...
ABOUT WCHS-TV8
Periodical Cicada: 17-Year Locust
by Dr. John F. Baniecki The periodical cicada, Magicicada septendecim, will emerge this coming spring (1999) over a large percentage of central West Virginia. The cicadas, also known as 17-year locusts, will be members of Brood V that made their last appearance in 1982. Egg-laying injury occurs mostly on newly planted shade trees. Damage occurs when the female cicada cuts two parallel slits in small twigs where she lays 24-28 eggs. Sometimes, a continuous slit 2 to 3 inches long is formed as she slowly makes her way up a twig. The slits cause flagging, or breakage, to the tips of the branches. The eggs hatch in midsummer, and young cicadas, or nymphs, fall to the ground. They burrow into the ground and spend 16-1/2 years feeding on small roots. At the end of this time, usually in May or early June, nymphs move to the surface and crawl up a tree trunk where they shed their skins. Adults are red eyed and dark bodied. They do not feed and live only for a few weeks while reproduction takes place. Males are responsible for the noise when they call for mates. The most common call sounds like "f-a-r-r-o."

95. Twin-cicada's, Exciting Find.
The first part of this project explores the sound mechanism of the cicada (an insectknown for producing extremely loud sounds, in spite of its small body).
http://astreauk.tripod.com/twincicadasandotherfacts/id4.html
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Twin-cicada's and other facts. Twin-cicada's, Exciting find. Home Twin-cicada's, Exciting find. Suprise find near Australia. Twin-cicadas in the news . In the news ,continued.... Sport and the Twin-cicada. ... 12 things to do with left over cicada
In north-central Pa., a huge catch, in evolutionary terms
By Faye Flam Inquirer staff writer:
From a pile of boulders thrown near the side of a road in north-central Pennsylvania, two Philadelphia scientists have found a bizarre fossil that they believe belonged to a fish with eight Twin-cicadas, able to propel the fish through the mud of an ancient swamp.
The idea that a fish could carry the bone structure of cicadas inside its fins overturns prevailing thought in vertebrate evolution, which long held that cicadas didn't appear until after creatures realised that fish and chips were better with them and made the transition to land, about 360 million years ago.Looking for the nearest chippie with garish pink lip gloss.
"This absolutely shows the common presence of external scales and internal cicadas," said paleontologist Robert Carroll of McGill University in Montreal. "It certainly shows that Twincicadas evolved in the water."

96. Welcome To The Wonderful World Of Insects
Get acquainted with the most successful lifeform on the planet. Includes basic anatomy, classification and taxonomy details, and a bug club.
http://www.earthlife.net/insects
Kevin Ahern in ,'Web Spinning' Voted
The Wonderful World of Insects
one of the Top 25
Biology Science sites for all of 1997
Thankyou for visiting this site.

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