81. Composting Dead Poultry composting Dead Poultry. Author Eldridge R. Collins, Jr., Extension AgriculturalEngineer Return to Table of Contents. Principles of composting. http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/poultry/442-037/442-037.html

Composting Dead Poultry Author: Eldridge R. Collins, Jr., Extension Agricultural Engineer Publication Number 442-037, November 1996 Introduction Principles of Composting Poultry Composter Design Key Construction Features ... Summary Introduction An acceptable system of disposal for dead birds is essential to any well run poultry farm operation. Moreover, Virginia law requires that poultry producers have an approved means for disposing of dead birds. There are generally two categories of disposal problems: (1) Normal mortality, which is typically about 0.1 percent per day, but fluctuations up to 0.25 percent per day are not uncommon, and (2) Whole flock disposal. Research at the University of Maryland, and field application in other poultry states, have shown that normal mortality can be handled efficiently and safely by composting dead poultry. Composting is a natural process in which beneficial organismsbacteria and fungireduce and transform organic wastes into a useful end productcompostwhich can be used as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Although simple in concept and design, dead poultry composters require attention to detail and careful management. Effective July 1, 1992 properly constructed and properly managed dead bird composters are an acceptable method of handling normal flock mortality in Virginia. Composting is not recommended for whole flock disposal cases. Such cases require special permission and supervision from the Virginia State Veterinarian's Office.

82. DIY Article DIY Ask DIY Episode ADI414 Basic composting Basic composting From Ask DIYApril Special Episode ADI-414, Begin with some sort of composting structure. http://www.diynet.com/DIY/article/0,2058,7467,FF.html

Home Categories Automotive Home Improvement Project Index Newsletter ... Episode ADI-414 Basic Composting From " Ask DIY April Special " Episode ADI-414 Jessie Mack Burns adds landscape waste to a compost. Other suitable ingredients include grass clippings, leaves, garden dirt and vegetable-matter kitchen waste. Avoid placing animal products in a compost pile. Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D Figure E Figure F Figure G Figure H Figure I Figure J Figure K Q : What's needed to start a simple backyard compost? A : It's a simple matter to create a compost pile in your back yard, and there are just a few ingredients to make sure that it's done right. Materials: Composting structure (e.g., wire frame) Dry ingredients (leaves, branches) Garden dirt or mulch Grass clippings Landscape waste Kitchen waste (vegetable matter only) Gardener's rake Pitchfork Steps: Begin with some sort of composting structure. Elaborate, high-tech ones ( figure A ) are available from garden suppliers, but all you really need for basic composting is a simple structure like the wire frame shown in our demonstration ( figure B ). Simple wire frames are desirable in many situations because they are inexpensive and easily moved.

83. Composting Toilet Systems What is a composting Toilet System and How Does it Compost? What is a compostingToilet System? General Types of composting Toilet Systems. http://oikos.com/library/compostingtoilet/

What is a Composting Toilet System and How Does it Compost? What is a Composting Toilet System? Composting toilet systems (sometimes called biological toilets, dry toilets and waterless toilets) contain and control the composting of excrement, toilet paper, carbon additive, and, optionally, food wastes. Unlike a septic system a composting toilet system relies on unsaturated conditions (material cannot be fully immersed in water), where aerobic bacteria and fungi break down wastes, just as they do in a yard waste composter. Sized and operated properly, a composting toilet breaks down waste to 10 to 30 percent of its original volume. The resulting end-product is a stable soil-like material called "humus," which legally must be either buried or removed by a licensed seepage hauler in accordance with state and local regulations in the United States. In other countries, humus is used as a soil conditioner on edible crops. The primary objective of the composting toilet system is to contain, immobilize or destroy organisms that cause human disease (pathogens), thereby reducing the risk of human infection to acceptable levels without contaminating the immediate or distant environment and harming its inhabitants. This should be accomplished in a manner that is consistent with good sanitation (minimizing both human contact with unprocessed excrement and exposure to disease vectors, such as flies).

84. HTTP 404 Error Presents recycling and composting information, fact sheets, information on resources, disposal sites, organic composting and construction and demolition sites. Adobe Acrobat is required for many of the documents. http://www.gov.ns.ca/envi/wasteman/index.htm

Government Home Government Directory About Nova Scotia Government Directory ... Other Government Resources The web page you requested could not be found on this server. It is possible that the address you entered was typed incorrectly or that the page has been moved. You were looking for /envi/wasteman/index.htm which could not be found. To find the information you were looking for try one of the following: http://www.gov.ns.ca/envi/wasteman/ http://www.gov.ns.ca/envi/ You could return to the home page or try searching for the page you are interested in: Back to top of page Province of Nova Scotia , all rights reserved. Comments to: webmaster@gov.ns.ca /2003-Jan-23.

85. COLDTECH 93-2 Fairly technical article about the construction of insulated compost containers and the composting Category Home Gardens Soil and Additives Compost...... AND. composting OF KITCHEN AND GARDEN WASTE. The reduction of the weight and volumeof the added material was estimated at the end of the composting periods. http://www.luth.se/depts/lib/coldtech/ct93-2.html

CONSTRUCTION OF INSULATED COMPOST CONTAINERS AND COMPOSTING OF KITCHEN AND GARDEN WASTE IN A COLD CLIMATE Per Nilsson Kerstin Grennberg Waste Management and Recycling Dept. of Environmental Planning and Design PREFACE We are very grateful to COLDTECH for the financial support during two years which made this project possible. The staff in the kitchen of the university restaurant is also gratefully acknowledged for collecting the kitchen waste. GG participated in this project during the first season and PN during the second season. SUMMARY Four prototypes of insulated, small compost containers were constructed with the following assumptions in mind: 1) The containers are intended to be used by families living in their own houses for composting kitchen and garden waste outdoors. 2) The degradation of the waste material will continue during periods with temperatures below freezing. 3) The volume of the container will be enough for additions of 15 litres of kitchen and garden waste per week during 8 months. 4) The container will be easy to handle, i. e. it will be easy to turn the waste in it and to empty it.

86. Technico Environmental Services, Inc. Environmental consultants list their areas of service, such as land application of wastes, irrigation/wastewater ponds, clandestine lab cleanup, hazardous wastes management, groundwater monitoring, USTs, composting, and site assessments. Eastern and central Washington. http://hometown.aol.com/tecinc251

87. Composting EESC Home. Gardening information. EESC Home Gardening Information Northwest Gardeners ENews composting. compostingHot composting http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/garden/composting/

EESC Home Gardening Information Northwest Gardeners E-News Composting CompostingHot composting will reduce risk of manure Contaminated compost can damage gardens Cool composting is not a heap of trouble HealthyKeep your compost pile healthy ... Autumn compostAutumn offers plenty for building up soil and compost Receive garden tips via e-mail every month! Current and recent issues Other gardening information: Gardening publications online catalog or flyer (PDF file) Garden calendars Growing Your Own , on-line version of gardening tabloid Northwest Gardens audio programs Sustainable Gardening: The Oregon-Washington Master Gardener Handbook (preview, requires free Adobe Acrobat Reader Northwest Gardening television show The Oregon Master Gardener Program Other gardening Web sites Visit the rest of our site: What's new Search our site Gardening information Progress magazine ... Oregon State University Updated: 1/29/03; 10:53:51 AM

88. Sourcebook: Composting Toilets A waterless composting toilet uses no water and produces a valuable fertilizer. GreenbuilderLogo. composting Toilets. Sustainable Sources Real Estate Locator, http://www.greenbuilder.com/sourcebook/CompostToilet.html

Composting Toilets CleanAirGardening.com Buy compost bins and other environmentally friendly lawn and garden products online at CleanAirGardening.com Free US ground shipping! Do you supply goods or services that relate to Sustainable Building? Become a sponsor Visit all our sponsors Contents: CSI NUMBERS DEFINITION CONSIDERATIONS COMMERCIAL STATUS ... GENERAL ASSISTANCE CSI Numbers: DEFINITION: A waterless composting toilet uses no water and produces a valuable fertilizer. There are some composting toilets that use a very small amount of water or foam. The water using kinds will typically be part of a total wastewater system. CONSIDERATIONS: Composting toilets are lawful in Austin provided the units are approved by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) or engineered by a registered Professional Engineer. Austin presently composts sewage waste derived from its central wastewater system. The composted product is marketed as a landscape fertilizer called Dillo Dirt. For this reason, it may be difficult to justify the extra expense and maintenance needs of a composting toilet in order to gain compost when a city sewer line is available. Additionally, the low volume of water required to be used by toilets in Austin (1.6 GPF) makes the water savings from using a waterless toilet quite low. If a home does not have central wastewater services, a composting toilet may be practical. Coupled with a sub-surface greywater irrigation system, the composting toilet can avoid the installation of a blackwater septic system. Although kitchen sink wastewater is defined as blackwater along with toilet wastewater, the Austin-Travis County Health Department may permit the discharge of kitchen wastewater with greywater in a sub-surface irrigating system if the site conditions are suitable.

89. Canada Composting Inc. Canada composting Inc. links as well as information of our own presentedin this website. Copyright © 2000 Canada composting, Inc. http://www.canadacomposting.com/

Canada Composting Inc. CCI Newmarket Ltd. Click on the plant picture if you want CCI to processs your organic waste. Solving Today's Waste Management Issues by Diverting Organic Wastes From Landfill Conserving Resources and Producing High Quality Compost Producing Renewable Energy and Reducing Greenhouse Gases Click here for a listing of all the pages on this website We do not guarantee the correctness and completeness of information given by links as well as information of our own presented in this website

90. Biocontrol Network - Composting composting. composting FEEDING YOUR GARDEN RIGHT. Why Do I Need Compost?** Turn waste into fertilizer. http//www.biconet.com/composting.html. http://www.biconet.com/composting.html

IPM Resources Products About Us Email ... Consultants COMPOSTING Bonide Compost Maker Organica Compost Activator Fenic F-68 Plus Soil Conditioner Manure Composter ... Compost Thermometer COMPOSTING: FEEDING YOUR GARDEN RIGHT Why Do I Need Compost? ** Turn waste into fertilizer. Create rich humus by recycling leaves, hay, wood chips, food scraps, lawn clippings, and manure. ** Rebuild depleted soil. Your plants are fed naturally because it provides earthworms and beneficial organisms that help create a healthy soil. ** Make minerals more readily available to your plants. ** Optimize manure use. One ton of compost is equal to 10 tons of raw manure and is less subject to leaching and runoff. What Will Compost Inoculants Do For My Compost Pile? ** When you add a compost inoculant to your pile, you save a step and fortify the compost. ** Speed up the decomposition process by adding microorganisms to the pile ** Increase the quality of the finished product ** Provide proper nutrition for your plants Download this section of the catalog in PDF format Webkeeper: E. W. Acosta - mailto:info@biconet.com

91. HotRot Composting Systems Manufactures an organic waste treatment in vessel composter.Category Business Energy and Environment Waste Management composting......New Zealand company HotRot (hotrot hot rot) composting systems manufacture an organicwaste treatment in vessel composter making compost from sewage sewerage http://www.hotrotsystems.com/

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92. Composting From this page you will find information on the following topics Oregon bottlebill, commercial waste reduction, composting, recycling and disposal data DEQ, http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/solwaste/composting.html

Bottle Bill Commercial Waste Reduction Clearinghouse Composting Data ... Solid Waste Program Composting Agricultural Commercial Reports Residential Commercial Composting Fact Sheet: Composting Regulations (44k PDF) Composting Rules OAR Chapter 340, Divisions 93, 96, and 97 List of Composting Facilities Permit Applications Clopyralid Information Reports Commercial Food Waste Composting Food Study Project Report (NEW) Excerpts from the Document: Research Concerning Human Pathogens and Environmental Issues Related to Composting of Non-Green Feedstocks (118k PDF) Restoring Soil Health to Urbanized Lands: Part A (278k PDF) Part B (552k PDF) Part C (701k PDF) References (176k PDF) Residential Composting Composting Brochures in English and Spanish Food and Yard Debris Profile (68k PDF) How to Apply Compost How to Buy Compost Natural Gardening Handbook (On Metro's web site) Two Percent credit program for residential composting.

93. Greater Vancouver Regional District - Recycling At Home GARBAGE RECYCLING— composting. Welcome. This page will link you to practicalinformation on backyard composting, worm composting, gardening and lawn care. http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/services/garbage/compost/

Disposal Facilities Composting Waste Reduction at Home Workplace Recycling ... Water Welcome. Since 1990, more than 122,000 compost bins have been bought by residents in the Lower Mainland. Composting is just one of the simple solutions to reducing garbage, which is why so many people in the Greater Vancouver Regional District compost. They also compost their food scraps and yard trimmings to create a valuable resource to enrich their garden soil. This page will link you to practical information on backyard composting, worm composting, gardening and lawn care. This page was last updated on November 1, 2001 For further information or feedback, please email us at webmaster@gvrd.bc.ca - Topics for the Regional Services- Air Housing Labour Relations Regional Development ... Water The Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) is a partnership of 21 municipalities and one electoral area in south-west British Columbia

94. Environmental Inquiry - Composting composting composting refers to the process of combining organic materials suchas weeds, grass clippings, and food scraps under conditions that enhance the http://ei.cornell.edu/biodeg/composting/

Home For Teachers For Students Toxicology ... Search Composting Composting refers to the process of combining organic materials such as weeds, grass clippings, and food scraps under conditions that enhance the rate at which they decompose. In the United States, organic wastes make up 20% to 40% of what we throw away. Composting provides an opportunity to keep these organic materials out of landfills and incinerators, using them instead to create a useful end product. Of course, composting isn't as easy as simply throwing organic waste into big piles and waiting for it to decompose. If moist food scraps or grass clippings are placed in a container and left to sit for a week or two, the result is likely to be a stinky mess that attracts flies. Given the proper conditions, these same organic materials can be composted to produce a material that looks and smells like rich soil and is prized by gardeners. Clearly the second option is preferable, and the key question is how to provide the proper conditions for problem-free composting. The answer lies in paying attention to moisture content, airflow, and the mixture between materials that are high in carbon and those that are high in nitrogen. Investigation of these factors offers many possibilities for student research focusing on the biology, chemistry, and physics of composting.

95. COMPOSTING HOME composting LAWN CARE. You Bet Your wilderness area. Worm bins forinhouse composting Put food scraps through a food processor. Or http://www.zerowasteamerica.org/Composting.htm

ZERO WASTE is the recycling of all materials back into nature or the marketplace in a manner that protects human health and the environment. Home About E-Mail Search ... Gov'ts/Politics RECYCLING: Zero Waste Photos/Visuals State Plans Statistics ... Remediation CONSUMERS- BUSINESS: Recycling Composting WaterTreatment Health Issues HOME You Bet Your Garden with host Mike McGrath, an National Public Radio series on organic gardening. HOT TIPS! Lawn care - Seed it, then leave it. Many commercial lawn chemicals have harmful ingredients. They make grass grow faster, requiring more mowing. They dry out grass, requiring more watering Let a large part of the perimeter of your property go wild, to reduce mowing and provide a place to absorb yard waste and processed food scraps! See below. Wood mulch is good for paths where you don't want anything to grow, but it's not good to put around trees, bushes, or plants. Put food scraps through a blender with plenty of water, if you are going to toss them into your wilderness area.

96. Composting Products Directory - Composters, Vermicomposting (Worm Bins) - COMPOS Green Culture's environmental pages describe various compost devices available.Category Shopping Home and Garden Compost...... composting Systems. All of the following units with images are availableat WWW.COMPOSTERS.COM, BioActivator 1992. composting Details. What http://www.greenculture.com/ps/pp_cp.html

document.write(""); Composting Systems Additional Bins Composting Toilets Vermicomposting Composting Accessories Composting Details Composting Systems All of the following units with images are available at: WWW.COMPOSTERS.COM Bio-Activator Stacking System Bio-Orb U-Roll System Brave New Composter Compost Corral Corners Compost Mixer Earth Engine Double Bin Earth Machine Classic Enviro-Cycle Base Tumbler Flowtron Expandable System GreenCone Solar Digester Green Johanna Hot Komposter Green Keeper Home Composter Natural Cedar Louvered Bin NovaWood Venti-System Presto Hoop Companion PVC Estate Bin Scrap Eater Living Machine Shepherd Complete Coated Mesh Wire Bin Soilmaker Urban Compost Tumbler The Volcano System YardMaster Yardwaste Eliminator Additional Bins Available through The Green Culture The BioBox - metal cube compost bin The Biostack Bin - Specially designed in stacking pieces for easy compost churning and harvesting. Pieces can be lifted and re-stacked - 13 cu ft The Compost Cage - inexpensive mesh bin made from recycled plastic bottles. This simple yet effective compost bin is adjustable and comes with reusable nylon ties. The ComposTumbler Covered Bridge Organic Composter The Earthmaker The Earth Tub - commercial duty composter for sites generating 50-2000 lbs. of food-waste per day

97. Backyard Composting Backyard composting. Guide H110. Backyard composting is one of the easiestways to process yard wastes at the source. WHAT IS composting? http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/_h/h-110.html

Backyard Composting Backyard Composting Guide H-110 George W. Dickerson, Extension Horticulture Specialist College of Agriculture and Home Economics New Mexico State University This publication is scheduled to be updated and reissued 4/05. Yard waste makes up 20-30% of the solid waste of most municipalities throughout the United States, while food waste makes up another 8-9%. The cost of collecting, hauling, and handling yard waste is often a large part of the budget associated with many municipal solid waste management programs, averaging 20% of the budget and increasing to as much as 50% when grass clippings and leaves are handled. Yard and food wastes are also major factors in the production of methane gas and acid-liquid drainage in land fills. Incinerating yard wastes is a major source of air pollution. Although municipal composting is an environmentally preferable alternative for handling yard and food wastes, processing these wastes at the source reduces the major costs of collecting and has a positive effect on the environment. Backyard composting is one of the easiest ways to process yard wastes at the source. WHAT IS COMPOSTING?

98. Www.delmarvacompost.org/ Similar pages compostingcomposting. by ROBERT J. DREXELIUS, 1991. composting is a biological process inwhich organic materials are converted into a humuslike soil conditioner. http://www.delmarvacompost.org/

99. Home Composting: Organics Outlook Basic 'howto' information on composting at home. However, piles can be largeror smaller and work just fine if managed well. Top. composting Techniques. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Organics/HomeComp/

Search Site Index Contact Us Help ... External Links Home Composting Composting, nature's own way of recycling, is the controlled decomposition of organic material such as leaves, twigs, grass clippings, and vegetable food waste. Compost is the soil amendment product that results from proper composting. Whether it's done on site, at the point of waste generation or in a large-scale, centralized facility, composting helps to keep the high volume of organic material out of landfills and turns it into a useful product. On-site composting reduces the cost of hauling materials and is generally exempted from solid waste regulations. Large scale facilities can handle more material and potentially produce a more consistent product, but may be faced with regulatory issues. Bin/Pile information Ingredients for composting Composting techniques Troubleshooting ... Composting Bin Shopping Guide What's right for you? Looking for an expert in your area? Find a master composter at: http://www.mastercomposter.com/local/californ.html

100. Spokane Solid Waste - Composting Trouble Shooting. Compost Bins. Mulching. Worm composting. Master Composter Program.Demonstration Site. Benefits. © 1996 Spokane Regional Solid Waste System. http://www.solidwaste.org/compost.htm

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