41. FrontPage Magazine.com Yet the thought police who judge what is and is not a hate crime refuse to Accordingto the watereddown stats quoted, white 'hate crimes perps' only http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=4809

42. Campus Crime Act Makes It Tougher For Schools To Withhold Crime Stats Act Makes it Tougher For Schools to Withhold crime stats. Statistics on all crimewill be divided into four hate crimes are required to be divided into categor http://www-tech.mit.edu/V118/N53/crime.120.3.53n.html

Campus Crime Act Makes it Tougher For Schools to Withhold Crime Stats By Susan Buchman Associate news Editor The way in which colleges and universities nationwide deal with campus crime statistics and freedom of information may change significantly under a new federal education law. On Oct. 7, President Clinton signed the Higher Education Amendment Act of 1998. Although the act deals mostly with student financial aid, the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act is an amendment to the main act which concerns security policy for colleges and universities. The law affects the reporting of campus crime statistics, requires an open campus police log, gives schools more freedom over the release of student disciplinary records, and aims to help curb violence against women and binge drinking. Statistical reporting revamped The new law will primarily affect how schools compile and categorize their crime statistics. "Now [the schools] have to provide a type of classification. It's giving the person a total sense of the environment that they're in and that's important. People don't just go from their dorm to class," said Myra Codner, Administrative Assistant at Security On Campus Inc., a non-profit organization geared to the prevention of college and university campus violence and other crimes. Statistics on all crime will be divided into four categories: on campus, non-campus, public property, and residential facilities for students.

43. About CVPP -- Campus Violence Prevention Program Campus program seeks to raise awareness on sexual assault, hate crimes.7 October 1999, California Aggie. UCD New crime stats are confusing. http://cvpp.ucdavis.edu/news/

The CVPP in the News... CVPP NEWS (Last Updated 28 November 2000) These are news articles referenced primarily from the Davis Enterprise, the California Aggie, and the UC Davis News Service, who are kind enough to make their archives publicly available. Links to articles at other sites will eventually become bad, as their owners remove content from public view. The Campus Violence Prevention Program maintains a paper archive of news clipping regarding issues of sexual assault, relationship violence, hate crimes, and stalking within the communities of Davis, Woodland, Sacramento, and nationally. This archive is available for viewing at our office to anyone interested. The Campus Violence Prevention Program in the News Jackson Katz addresses violence against women 15 Nov 2000, California Aggie Silent messages 24 October 2000, California Aggie New campaign targets men, focuses on communication 11 October 2000, California Aggie UC Davis Asks Sacramento Bee to Retract Article on Crime Reporting 26 September 2000, UC Davis News Service

44. Hate Crime Statistics 85 of the 404,242 criminal offenses were hate crimes and of those, only seven werecommitted because of sexual orientation. Link to FBI crime stats http//www http://www.ncfamily.org/stories/021211s1.html

Home Who We Are What We Do Contact Us ... References Data Reveals No Hate Crime Epidemic Special Report - December 11, 2002 Link to FBI crime stats http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm

45. LFC Security & Public Safety Crime Stats hate crimeS Of the above reported crimes, number that can be classified hatecrimes , crime Definitions From the Uniform crime Reporting Handbook. http://www.lfc.edu/services/security/stats.htm

Lake Forest College Security Home Ticket Dispute Anonymous Crime Reporting Safety Tips ... e-mail the Director Campus Crime Statistics Following is a detailed listing of crimes reported to the Lake Forest College Department of Security and Public Safety, or a campus security authority (as defined by the Clery Act). These statistics are in compliance with the Federal Campus Crime Awareness Act. This page contains only the campus crime statistics. Click here for a complete report in a printable Adobe format. Following is a listing of the total number of reportable crimes occurring on campus during the stated years. TOTAL ON CAMPUS CRIMES REPORTED Aggravated Assault Arson Burglary (non-forcible) Burglary (forcible) Murder / Non-Negligent Manslaughter Motor Vehicle Theft Robbery Sex Offenses (forcible) Sex Offenses (non-forcible) Negligent Manslaughter Following is a listing of the reportable crimes that occurred within the residence halls during the stated years. These numbers are included in the total reported crimes. CRIMES REPORTED IN DORMITORIES Aggravated Assault Arson Burglary (forcible) Burglary (non-forcible) Murder / Non-Negligent Manslaughter Motor Vehicle Theft Robbery Sex Offenses (forcible) Sex Offenses (non-forcible) Negligent Manslaughter Following is a listing of reportable crimes that occurred on public property within the Campus, or immediately adjacent to and accessible from the Campus during the stated years.

46. MU Crime Stats Page of Items on Campus Security Act Reporting Charts, 19982000 hateCrime - hate crimes are crimes that manifest evidence that the victim was...... http://www.millikin.edu/campuslife/Security/Keepsafe.html

Millikin University Department of Safety and Security Keep Safe on Campus. The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus A Message From The Director: Read the definitions carefully. The various crimes reported on the last page of this booklet conform to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program guidelines, which may differ from the common usage of the same term. While the term “hate crime,” for example, may commonly be used to describe any action motivated by race, the guidelines stipulate that a hate crime is murder, manslaughter, sex offense, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, arson, motor vehicle theft, or other crimes involving bodily injury, in which the victim was selected because of his or her actual or perceived race, religion, sexual orientation, gender, ethnicity, or disability. The Act has undergone many amendments since 1990. Those who compare this report with previous years will note differences resulting from Congress’ expansion of the Act. John R. Mickler, Director Millikin University is committed to providing a safe and secure campus. To do that, the University needs your help. The key to preventing crime is awareness and practical precautions. Often the difference between a criminal and a crime victim is planning. Almost all criminal activity is the result of some planning. You can help reduce the risk of crime by remaining aware of your surroundings and taking practical precautions for your safety and for the protection of possessions. You are strongly encouraged to be proactive and reduce your vulnerability by planning not to be a crime victim.

47. Birdman Bryant: Birdman Selects The Net's Best Articles On Blacks 100 Facts About Blacks. hate crimes vs interracial crimes Jared Taylor. Hopefor negroes. Black crime stats. Bill of No Rights - Thanks Ed Toner. http://www.thebirdman.org/Index/Others/Others-Cat-Blacks.html

The Net's Best Articles of Others on Blacks Selected by John "Birdman" Bryant 100 Facts About Blacks Hate crimes vs interracial crimes - Jared Taylor Hope for negroes African admits African inferiorit y - Thanks Ed Toner Here's support for reparations we can agree with! (You may want to check out the page of these anti-leftist Jews) Father Abraham on blacks Black Crime Stats Bill of No Rights - Thanks Ed Toner ... Lincoln on blacks - Thanks, Henry St Martin's Day piece - In sum, "MiLK the motherfuckers for all they are worth!" Some off-color quotes on blacks by presidents for President's Day - Thanks Ed Toner Didn't you know - blacks are bigger haters - Thanks JA Ruth A technique for handling negroes - neckrophilia? - Thanks, Tsun Scientific facts of black intelligence - Thanks Henry Black hate quotes - Thanks Ed Toner African IQ is about 70 - Thanks J Ruth Toner on black slaveowners Some REAL black history - Thanks Ed Toner No need to keep mum(my) on this - Egyptians were white - Thanks Willie Martin Black animals rape a white woman - actual fully nude photos - Thanks Andy Black crime - some facts to ponder - Thanks Ed Toner Possible explanation for black slave-owners - Thanks Ed Toner Good summary of ugly black crime stats - Thanks Andy

48. Stats01 PSU crime stats 2001. crime Main Campus, University Owned, Residence Halls, NonCampus Buildings, Public Property, Total, University Owned, Residence hate crimes, http://www.cpso.pdx.edu/stats/stats01.htm

PSU Crime Stats 2001 Crime - Main Campus University Owned Residence Halls Non Campus Buildings Public Property Total University Owned Residence Halls Non Campus Buildings Public Property Total University Owned Residence Halls Non Campus Buildings Public Property Total Murder/Non-negligent Manslaughter Forcible sex offenses Nonforcible sex offenses Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Negligent Manslaughter Larceny Total Liquor Law Violations Arrests Disciplinary Action Total Drug Abuse Violations Arrests Disciplinary Action Total Weapons Possession Arrests Disciplinary Action Total Hate Crimes Race Gender Religion Sex Orientation Ethnicity Disability Total Back to CPSO homepage Last Updated on 7/9/02 By S. Otnes

49. Olivet Nazarene University - Crime Stats crime stats In 1990, the federal government, through the statistics regarding occurrencesof campus crime as reported 0 Referrals 0 0 5 1 hate crimes 1998 1999 http://www.olivet.edu/services/publicsafety/crimestats.asp

Jump To... Library Bookstore People Search Financial Aid Directions Olivet Resources Online Shine 89.7 Public Safety Facility Access Parking Map Crime Stats ... Ticket Appeal Form Looking for a particular service organization? Check out our page. Crime Stats In 1990, the federal government, through the U.S. Department of Education, passed the Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security Act. This Act requires colleges and universities to provide information to students and employees regarding campus crime statistics. These statistics are to be compiled per the calendar year (Jan. 1 - Dec. 31). This information is provided so that students, prospective students and employees can be well-informed. Below are the statistics regarding occurrences of campus crime as reported to the Department of Public Safety: Incident Type 1998 1999 2000 2001 Arson Assault / Battery 1 Burglary 1 5 16 Domestic Violence 8 3 Homicide Robbery Sexual Assault- Forcible Sexual Assault- Non-Forcible 1 Theft, Auto 1 Alcohol-Related Arrests Referrals 38 14 Drug-Related-Arrest 2 Referrals 5 1

50. NCPA - Crime And Gun Control- Statistics And Forecasts Dampening Jubilation On crime stats. crime Down In Some Areas, Up In Others. DrugArrests Increase, Violent crime Falls hate crimes. hate and Prejudice Murder. http://www.ncpa.org/pi/crime/crime21.html

Statistics and Forecasts Crime Costs The Cost Of Crime Tops $1 Trillion A Year Facts and Myths Ten Facts About Crime Myths About Crime Forecasts and Interpretations Dampening Jubilation On Crime Stats Crime Down In Some Areas, Up In Others Americans Slowly Accept Crime Drop Experts Confounded By Crime Decline ... Timing the Coming Crime Wave Crime Statistics - U.S. and Texas Fewer Lawmen Killed on Duty in 1999 NCPA Study: Texas Crime Turnaround It's Official: Serious Crimes Down for Eighth Consecutive Year Crime Down For Seventh Year ... Searchable Crime Statistics Index Crime Statistics - By Category Abuse Racial Divide In Domestic Violence Deaths Puzzles Experts Spousal Abuse Cuts Both Ways Drugs and Alcohol Enforcement Of Marijuana Laws Varies Widely Fewer Arrests For Drunken Driving Fraud Coping With Identity Theft Guns Firearms Deaths Down For Fourth Straight Year Gun Violence In Public Housing Firearms Deaths, 1979-1997 Guns Figure More Often In Suicides Than Homicides ... Drug Arrests Increase, Violent Crime Falls Hate Crimes Hate and Prejudice Murder Small Towns See Drop In Murder Rates Murder Rates Decline Again South's Homicide Rates Lead The Nation Murder Rate Drops Again In 1997 Property An Epidemic Of Worker Theft Car Theft Declines In 1996 Rape/Sexual Assault Rape Statistics Are Debated Violent Violent Crime Falls Again Violent Crime Rates Drop In 1996 Violent Crime Rates In 1995 Victims U.S. Murder Rate For Children

51. CSU Stanislaus 1999-2001 Crime Statistics Voluntary confidential reporting of crime incidents on TOTALS, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0. Bactto Top, 19992001 hate crimes on Campus (Turlock Campus Stockton Site Combined). http://www.bf.csustan.edu/dps/Web Stats/All Stats.html

1999-2001 CSU Stanislaus Crime Statistics Turlock Campus Crime Stats Turlock Number of Arrests/Referrals Turlock Local Area Crime Stats Stockton Site Crime Stats ... Robbery Return to Clery Statistics 1999-2001 Turlock Campus Crime Statistics Statistics on this table reflect crimes reported to the University Police Department OFFENSE TYPE Year On Campus Res. Facilities Non-Campus Facilities Public Property Total MANSLAUGHTER NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER FORCIBLE SEX OFFENSES NONFORCIBLE SEX OFFENSES ROBBERY AGGRAVATED ASSAULT BURGLARY MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT ARSON TOTALS Bact to Top 1999-2001 Number of Arrests/Referrals for Selected Offenses at Turlock Campus Turlock Arrests Turlock Student Disciplinary Referrals Year On Campus Res. Halls Non-Campus Buildings Public Property Total On Campus Res. Halls Non-Campus Buildings Public Property Total LIQUOR LAW VIOLATIONS DRUG VIOLATIONS WEAPONS VIOLATIONS TOTALS Bact to Top 1999-2001 Stockton Site Crime Statistics Statistics on this table reflect crimes reported to the University Police Department OFFENSE TYPE Year On Campus Res.

52. 1999-2001 CSU Stanislaus Crime Statistics hate crimes and NonPolice crime Incidents (TurlockCampus and Stockton Site Combined). http://www.bf.csustan.edu/dps/Web Stats/Clery Stats.html

Public Safety/University Police Services 1999-2001 CSU Stanislaus Crime Statistics Turlock Campus Stockton Site Turlock Crime Stats Stockton Crime Stats Turlock Number of Arrests/Referrals (Liquor Law, Drug, Weapons) Stockton Number of Arrests/Referrals (Liquor Law, Drug, Weapons) Turlock Local Crime Stats Stockton Local Crime Stats Hate Crimes and Non-Police Crime Incidents (Turlock Campus and Stockton Site Combined) Negligent Manslaughter Forcible Sex Offenses Non forcible Sex Offenses Robbery ... Non-Police Crime Incidents Return to Table of Contents

53. M I C H I G A N   C R I M E   V I C T I M S   W E B S I T E - S E R V I C E S government now requires states to monitor hate crimes. The following figures werereported on January 1, 1997, on the federal Uniform crime Reporting (UCR http://www.mivictims.org/services/stats/hate/

services Crime Victims Services Commission Be Safe Online Links Crime In Michigan ... drugs hate crimes family violence major trends police casualties HATE CRIMES IN MICHIGAN The federal government now requires states to monitor hate crimes. The following figures were reported on January 1, 1997, on the federal Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) system, and as of June 25, 1997, on the Michigan Index Crime Report (MICR). The average number of agencies reporting for 1996 on UCR was 149 (the Michigan State Police counted as 1). The number of agencies reporting for all or part of the year on MIC was 426. The number of offenses reporting on UCR was 68. On MICR, the number of offenses reported was 672. It is interesting to note that most hate crimes are individual crimes that involve racial bias. Most involve simple assault, intimidation, or vandalism, and they tend to occur at a residence or home. OFFENSES REPORTED Rape Robbery Aggravated assault Burglary Larceny-Theft Motor vehicle theft Arson Simple assault Intimidation Destruction/ damage/ vandalism Controlled substance violation Concealed weapon violation Trespass All other Total Victim Type Individual Police officer* Business Financial institution Government Religious organization Society Other Unknown Total Bias Motivation - Racial Anti-White Anti-Black Anti-Amer. Indian/ Alaskan Native

54. PD Arrest Stats SA Referrals for Student Conduct Code Violations by Type of crime for 1999. SA CodeViolations by Location for 1999. SA hate (Bias) crimes for 2001 by Category http://admin.siue.edu/studentrightto/pdarrest.htm

Arrests for Alcohol, Drug or Weapon Violations Reported by University Police Violation Alcohol Violations: Illegal Transportation-alcohol Pedestrian under the influence Illegal possession-alcohol Illegal consumption-alcohol Sale of Liquor to minor Total Alcohol Arrests: Drug Violations: Cannabis-possession Cannabis-other Controlled substance-possession Controlled substance-other Hypodermic syringe Drug paraphernalia Total Drug Arrests: Weapon Violations: Unlawful use of weapons Unlawful poss. / storage of weapon Total Weapon Arrests: Arrests: Grand Total: To Access Other Statistics which are part of the Annual Report, Click on the Following Links: Statistics Provided by the University Police (PD) Police Crime Statistics 1999 - 2001 PD Arrest Statistics: 1999 - 2001 Alcohol, Drug or Weapon (ADW) Violations PD Crime by Location 2001 PD Arrests for ADW by Location: 2001 PD Crime by Location 2000 PD Arrests for ADW by Location: 2000 PD Crime By Location 1999 PD Arrests for ADW by Location: 1999 PD Hate (Bias) Crimes for 2001 by Category of Prejudice and by Location PD Hate (Bias) Crimes for 2000 by Category of Prejudice and by Location PD Hate (Bias) Crimes for 1999 by Category of Prejudice and by Location Statistics Provided by the Office of Student Affairs (SA) SA Referrals for Student Conduct Code Violations by Type of Crime for 2001 SA Code Violations by Location for 2001 SA Referrals for Student Conduct Code Violations

55. FAQ: Crime And Violence Statistics: Hate Crimes Disproportionate Harm hate crime in Canada by Julia Roberts, University of http//www.mediaawareness.ca/eng/issues/stats/isshate.htm hatecrimes. http://www.gdsourcing.ca/works/faqhatec.htm

Crime and Violence Statistics: Hate Crimes For information on hate crimes, please visit the following web pages: Hate Biased Crime in Toronto http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/publications/ Canadian Heritage: Hate and Bias Activity in Canada: (Vol.4, Dec.21/98) http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/multi/evidence/series4_e.cfm Disproportionate Harm: Hate Crime in Canada by Julia Roberts, University of Ottawa (1995) http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/orgs/canadian/canada /justice/disproportionate-harm/ Also see: http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/ps/rs/rep/wd95-11a-e.html Media Awareness Network http://www.media-awareness.ca/eng/issues/stats/isshate.htm#hate crimes Department of Justice: Hate-Motivated Violence (1994) http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/dept/pub/hmv/ UPDATED: Home FAQ Index QueryDesk

56. Related Links On Hate Crime Prevention hate crime stats http//www.fbi.gov/ucr.htm hate crime for hate crime data collection,and hate crime data collection ADL hate crimes Laws www.adl.org/frames http://www.stophate.org/stophate/relatedlinks.html

Hate Crime Prevention Related Links The following links provide several resources and information related to hate crime prevention on college campuses as well as organizations working to combat hate in communities. University Initiatives in Higher Education Hate Crimes/Hate Groups and Prejudice: A Selective Bibliography of Materials at the UMD Library http://www.d.umn.edu/lib/reference/bibl/hate.html University reporting www.asuc.org/hatecrimes/main.html Hate crimes education, resources and reporting at the University of California, Berkeley. Miami University Hate Crimes Idea Bank Web Page http://www.muohio.edu/~ajjipson/IDEABANK.HTML No Hate Resource Site: Response to Hate Crimes in the Miami University Community http://www.muohio.edu/nohate/ The Amerherst Student RC's Sponsor New Hate Crimes Awareness Week http://www.amherst.edu/~astudent/1999-2000/issue015/news/07.shtml#top

57. Government To Compile Online Database Of Campus Crime Stats Government to compile online database of campus crime stats. soon be able to see campuscrime statistics by numbers of offenses from hate crimes to homicides http://archive.nandotimes.com/noframes/story/0,2107,500221402-500316296-50177473

Government to compile online database of campus crime stats By HEIDI B. PERLMAN, Associated Press BOSTON (June 27, 2000 9:55 a.m. EDT http://www.nandotimes.com ) - High school students weighing their college options will soon be able to see campus crime statistics by tapping into an online database being compiled by the U.S. Department of Education The databank will include colleges and universities around the country and Canada. It will detail numbers of offenses - from hate crimes to homicides - both on- and off-campus. "It's going to be kind of one-stop shopping," said John King, head of security at Tufts University, and president of the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators . "Instead of having to gather information from four or five different schools, now you can just go to one place and compare." Colleges have been required to compile and make available crime statistics since 1990, when a law named for Jeanne Clery, a Lehigh University freshman killed in her dorm room, was passed. The Clery Law was revised in 1998 to require the Department of Education to supply the data to Congress each year.

58. Gays, Lesbians And Bisexuals Rank Third In Reported* Hate Crimes - 2000 || Human Total hate crime Incidents Reported. hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Percentageof crimes based on sexual orientation. 1991. 4,558. **. 8.9%. 1992. 7,466. http://www.hrc.org/issues/hate_crimes/background/stats/stats2000.asp

Today is Search: You're in: Issues and Legislation Hate Crimes Background Info 2000 FBI Hate Crimes Statistics Gays, Lesbians and Bisexuals Rank Third in Reported* Hate Crimes - 2000 Category 2000 Reported Incidents Percentage Total Race Religion Sexual Orientation Ethnicity/National Origin Disability Multiple Bias Incidents Percentage of Hate Crimes Based on Sexual Orientation, 1991-2000 Total Hate Crime Incidents Reported Hate crimes based on sexual orientation Percentage of crimes based on sexual orientation Reported Hate Crimes Against Gays, Lesbians, Heterosexuals and Bisexuals - 2000 Sexual Orientation Incidents Offenses Victims Known Offenders Total Anti-Male Homosexual Anti-Female Homosexual Anti-Homosexual Anti-Heterosexual Anti-Bisexual *All Data from FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 1991 - 2000. Last updated: May 24, 2002

59. Statistics html http//www.hrc.org/issues/hate/stats.html. NOW hate crime Update http//www.now.org/issues CountyHuman Relations Commission hate crimes Annual Report on http://www.cahro.org/html/statistics.html

Hate Crimes Hate Crime Definition Legislation Court Decisions ... back to top Links to Hate Crime Statistics Federal Bureau of Investigation Federal Hate Crime Statistics http://www.fbi.gov/publish/hatecrime.htm California Department of Justice - Hate Crime in California http://www.caag.state.ca.us/cjsc/hc99/netone.pdf http://www.caag.state.ca.us/cjsc/pubs.htm Southern Poverty Law Center http://www.splcenter.org/ http://www.splcenter.org/intelligenceproject/ip-index.html http://www.splcenter.org/cgi-bin/goframe.pl?refname=/intelligenceproject/ip-hate99. html Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Leadership Conference Education Fund http://www.civilrights.org/crlibrary/issues/hate_crimes/statistics/index.html LCCR Hate Resources http://www.civilrights.org/crlibrary/issues/hate_crimes/resources.html Community United Against Violence (CUAV) http://www.xq.com/cuav/hatecr1.htm The Human Rights Campaign http://www.hrc.org/issues/hate/stats98.html http://www.hrc.org/issues/hate/stats.html http://www.avp.org/ http://www.avp.org/ncavp/NCAVP%201998%20REPORT.pdf The Anti-Defamation League http://www.adl.org/frames/front_98audit.html

60. LAHRC Stats 102 religious hate crimes were reported. 1 genderbased hate crime and4 hate crimes against persons with disabilities were reported. http://www.cahro.org/html/lahrc_stats.html

LOS ANGELES COUNTY COMMISSION ON HUMAN RELATIONS SUMMARY OF 1998 HATE CRIME REPORT The Commission received reports of 769 hate crimes that occurred in 1998, a 6.2% decrease from 1997. Hate crimes taking place in school environments totaled 46. All but two cases were reported by law enforcement rather than schools themselves. Racial hate crimes occurring at schools rose from 19 to 29. Elementary, middle, and high school had almost equal numbers of reports. More than 50% of all hate crime cases filed were against minors, as in 1997. Geographical clusters of hate crime were much less pronounced than in 1997. Hate crime victims were most frequently targeted because of their race (436 cases) or sexual orientation (226 cases). African Americans continue to be the largest group of racial hate crime victims, but there were about 20% less racial hate crimes against African Americans and Whites in 1998 compared to 1997. Hate crimes against Lesbian victims increased almost 20%. While the total number of racial hate crimes went down by 11% in 1998, the number of such crimes against Latinos, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Middle Easterners increased.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 3     41-60 of 96    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20