41. Calculating Depths Of Deep Earthquakes For example, we measured 640 km for first earthquake, 200 km for the second, 520 Youhave had to improvise for the measurement in SPA, since the graph does not http://lasker.princeton.edu/ScienceProjects/curr/deepeq/deepeq.htm

Calculating Depths of Deep Earthquakes The depth to very deep earthquakes is usually established by measuring the difference in arrival time of the P and pP wave. This is something you can do yourself with a bit of practice. You may be able to discover the deepest earthquake known so far! The best estimate for the deepest known earthquake is 684 km deep, under the Fiji Islands in the Southwest Pacific, on June 17, 1977. How do you go about this? First learn to recognize the pP wave. It has very much the same shape as the P wave (it reflects from the Earth's surface, very much like a reflection in a mirror, before going on its journey to the seismic station). Hint: sometimes it is much easier to see the pP and P similarity when you transform the seismogram to displacement rather than velocity. This is because pP spends more time in the "syrupy" upper mantle above the earthquake, where it looses some of the high frequencies (little wiggles). We provide some selected pairs of P and pP waves from the Global Seismograph Network in the file deepP.dat

42. Earthquake, Blast And Impact: Measurement And Effects Of Vibration Name Email earthquake, Blast and Impact measurement and Effects ofVibration. Author(s) Seced Release Date April, 1998 Avalibility http://www.civilbooks.com/index/book/1851667059.html

The lowest priced and most extensive civil engineering bookstore on the Internet. View Cart Home Help About Us Keyword Author ISBN Advanced Search Architectural Engineering Bridge Engineering Construction ... Transportation Engineering Enter your Name and E-mail address below to receive our monthly civil engineering newsletter. Name: E-mail: Earthquake, Blast and Impact: Measurement and Effects of Vibration Author(s): Seced Release Date: April, 1998 List Price: Our Price: Product Details: Hardcover ISBN: 1851667059 Have one to sell? back to top All brands, company, or product names or trademarks belong to their respective holders. BOSS International Legal Notices Privacy Statement

43. Civil Engineering Bookstore -- Books On Earthquake Vibration earthquake, Blast and Impact measurement and Effects of Vibration Author(s)Seced Avalibility Special Order List Price $155.75, Our Price $155.75, http://www.civilbooks.com/index/page/1/keyword/earthquake_vibration.html

The lowest priced and most extensive civil engineering bookstore on the Internet. View Cart Home Help About Us Keyword Author ISBN Advanced Search Architectural Engineering Bridge Engineering Construction ... Transportation Engineering Enter your Name and E-mail address below to receive our monthly civil engineering newsletter. Name: E-mail: Vibration effects of earthquakes on soils and foundations Author(s): unknown Avalibility: Out of PrintLimited Availability Vibration of Buildings to Wind and Earthquake Loads Author(s): T. Balendra Avalibility: Special Order List Price: Our Price: Vibration of Structures: Applications in Civil Engineering Design Author(s): J. W. Smith Avalibility: THIS TITLE IS CURRENTLY NOT AVAILABLE. If you would like to purchase this title, we recommend that you occasionally check this page to see if it has become available. List Price: Our Price: Seismic, Shock and Vibration Isolation: Presented at the 1996 Asme Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, July 21-26 1996 (Pvp (Series), Vol. 341.) Author(s): H. Chung

44. Measurement The second type of measurement is the magnitude of the earthquake.Magnitude does not depend on population and effects to ground http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/eq8.htm

Measurement Earthquakes can be measured in several ways. The first way is to describe the earthquake's intensity. Intensity is the measure, in terms of degrees, of damage to the surface and the effects on humans. Intensity records only observations of effects on the crust, not actual ground motion or wave amplitudes which can be recorded by instruments. While intensity helps to determine how large of an area was effected, it is not an accurate measure of the earthquake for many reasons. Two such reasons are: only the effect on an area showing the greatest intensity is reported, which can imply a greater or lesser intensity than what actually occurred, and the way in which seismic waves travel varies as they pass through different types of rocks, so some areas near by may feel nothing because they are built on faulted rock, while other areas quite a distance from the foci will feel the effects because they are built on compact homogenous rocks. The second type of measurement is the magnitude of the earthquake. Magnitude does not depend on population and effects to ground structures, but rather on wave amplitude and distance. Magnitude is determined using mathematical formulae and information from seismograms. One such magnitude scale is the Richter scale. This magnitude scale is logarithmic, meaning each step in magnitude is exponentially greater than the last.

45. Geodynamics: Earthquake Processes measurement of Subduction Zone Deformation; Current measurement Techniques;Cascadia earthquake Activity. Western Canada Deformation Array (WCDA). http://www.pgc.nrcan.gc.ca/geodyn/eqpro.htm

Earthquake Processes Cascadia Subduction Zone Measurement of Subduction Zone Deformation Current Measurement Techniques Cascadia Earthquake Activity Western Canada Deformation Array (WCDA) Permanent GPS Network Site Descriptions Data Absolute Gravimetry Instrumentation Deformation Modelling 2-D and 3-D elastic dislocation models 2-D and 3-D viscoelastic finite element models Important notices

46. Questacon earthquake's measurement Seismometers measure movement of the earth. earthquakesmeasurement Triangulation is used to pinpoint the epicentre of an earthquake. http://awards.schools.nsw.edu.au/entry66/questacon3.htm

Questacon in Canberra is the National Science and Technology Centre. It has over 200 exhibits and shows how science and technology affect our daily lives. There is a great gallery called Earth where you can find out about the Earth and Weather. If you want to experience an earthquake without having to worry about the consequences visit Questacon. Visit the Questacon website and find out more. Below is a list of exhibits that are all about earthquakes. Earthquakes Learn more about earthquakes - including Australian ones. Earthquake causes, detection and survival. Make and Shake See how different buildings are affected by Earthquakes. Experiment with different house designs and see how they respond to earthquakes in different ways. Quakemake r Jump up and down to see what kind of earthquake you can create. Earthquake's Measurement Seismometers measure movement of the earth At Fault Grind the tectonic plates against each other and see stress lines. Stresses between the tectonic plates cause earthquakes and volcanoes.

47. 1994 Building Publications - Full-Scale Measurement Of Building Response To Ambi FullScale measurement of Building Response to Ambient Vibration andthe Loma Prieta earthquake. Full-Scale measurement of Building http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build94/art001.html

Full-Scale Measurement of Building Response to Ambient Vibration and the Loma Prieta Earthquake. Full-Scale Measurement of Building Response to Ambient Vibration and the Loma Prieta Earthquake. (536 K) Marshall, R. D.; Phan, L. T.; Celebi, M. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation. U.S. National Conference, Fifth (5th). Proceedings. Volume 2. July 10-14, 1994, Chicago, IL, 661-670 pp, 1994. Keywords: earthquakes; vibration; data analysis; high rise buildings; office buildings; commercial buildings Abstract: Building and Fire Research Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899

48. Earthquake, Blast And Impact : Measurement And Effects Of Vibration - Proceeding Compare prices on earthquake, Blast and Impact measurement and Effects of Vibration Proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University, 18 http://www.allbookstores.com/book/1851667059

Search By: Keyword Title Author ISBN Browse: Choose a subject: Art Children's Books Christian Books History Gardening Horror Mystery Oprah Book Club® Photography Reference Romance Science Science Fiction Sports Technology Travel Art Children's Books Christian Books History ... Store Directory Earthquake, Blast and Impact : Measurement and Effects of Vibration - Proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University, 18-20 Sept. 1991, Mancester, U. K. Author: (Edited by) Format: Hardcover Published: July 1991 ISBN: List Price: Pages: Publisher: Elsevier Science Synopsis This volume consists of papers presented at the International Conference on Earthquake, Blast and Impact held at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK, 18-20 September 1991, organised by the Society for Earthquake and Civil Engineering Dynamics (SECED) and supported by the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Institution of Structural Engineers. Add this book to your wish list View your wish list Click on this books subject categories to see related titles: Subjects Nature Earthquakes Subjects ... Add your own review!

49. New Technology To Help Measurement And Study Of Earthquakes New Technology to Help measurement and Study of will continuously measure the constant,yet physically imperceptible, movements of earthquake faults throughout http://www.geo.nsf.gov/geo/adgeo/press/pr9667.htm

50. Scales Of Measurement To measure the intensity of an earthquake, scientists have devised two scales,the Richter scale, which is named after the American seismologist Charles http://www.fcs-net.com/biddled/scalesof.htm

To measure the intensity of an earthquake, scientists have devised two scales, the Richter scale, which is named after the American seismologist Charles Francis Richter, and the Mercalli scale, which was introduced at the turn of the twentieth century by the Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli. The Richter scale measures the amount of energy released at the focus, or starting point, of the earthquake. This scale has values from one to nine, with one being the least damaging. Each number indicates that the earthquake was ten times more powerful than the number before it. That would make an earthquake with a value of nine, one billion times more powerful than a magnitude one earthquake and one hundred thousand times more powerful than an atomic bomb. In the course of one year it is estimated that eight hundred earthquakes of a magnitude five to six will occur, in comparison, 50,000 earthquakes of a magnitude of three to four, and approximately only one with a magnitude of eight or nine will occur. The Mercalli scale measures the intensity of the shaking of the ground. Measured on a scale of I to XII, these measurements differ depending on the distance from the focus of the earthquake. The levels of this scale range from imperceptible shaking to mass destruction. Instead of having a mathematical basis, this scale is based on observed effects.

51. SEISMIC NOTES INFORMATIVE BULLETIN OF THE PUERTO RICO SEISMIC Moment (of earthquake) measurement of an earthquake's size than is obtained bymultiplying the rigidity of the rock by the area of the fault and the amount http://rmsismo.uprm.edu/English/SeismicInformation/SeismicNotes/SN5pag1.html

SEISMIC NOTES INFORMATIVE BULLETIN OF THE PUERTO RICO SEISMIC NETWORK No. 5 - 1998 SEISMIC TERMS GLOSSARY* Accelerometer - Instrument to measure accelerations of the ground based on time. Active fault - Fault throughout which there has been displacement in historical times (Holocene) or where earthquake centers have been located (fig 1). After Shocks - Earthquakes smaller than follow the one greater one, concentrated in the zone of the main earthquake. Astenosphere Benioff Zone - narrow zone defined by the earthquake centers, of a thickness of tens of kilometers, that descends from the surface under the terrestrial crust. Cluster (of earthquakes) - A series of earthquakes of similar magnitude that happen in the same place. Crust (Earth's Crust) - the most external rocky part of the Earth; its thickness is about 5 to 40 km. Earthquakes - sudden and violent movement that originates in the crust or outer Earth mantle. Epicenter - the point of the Earth surface directly upon the center (or hypocenter) of an earthquake. Fault - a fracture or zone of rock fracture throughout which both sides have displaced. The total displacement can vary from centimeters to kilometers.

52. SyllabusGP265/EE255-2002 visible as the finely spaced pattern of color fringes, depicts detailed changesin the Earth's crust from motion during the earthquake. measurement of the http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~zebker/gp265/syllabus265-02.html

GP265/EE255- Radar Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Geophysical Application of Imaging Radar Systems Syllabus: Spring 2002 Howard Zebker From instruments to raw data to images Imaging radar views the Hector Mine earthquake of 1999. Orbiting satellite images the area before and after the earthquake, and records raw radar signals which must be processed to form an interferogram. The deformation signature, visible as the finely spaced pattern of color fringes, depicts detailed changes in the Earth's crust from motion during the earthquake. Measurement of the spatial distribution of the deformation permits solution for fault motion at depth, and may be useful in predictive studies of seismic activity. In this course we learn how to derive similar motions from spaceborne radar satellite measurements. General Information Professor: Howard Zebker Office: Durand 233 or Mitchell 357 Telephone: E-mail: zebker@stanford.edu Office Hours: M 2:00 - 4:00 or by appt. TA: Joern Hoffmann Office: Mitchell Room 461 Telephone: E-mail: joern@pangea.stanford.edu

53. Nasa: New Technology To Help Measurement And Study Of Earthquakes NEW TECHNOLOGY TO HELP measurement AND STUDY OF earthquakeS. measure the constant,yet physically imperceptible, movements of earthquake faults throughout http://www.qadas.com/qadas/nasa/nasa-hm/0660.html

New Technology to Help Measurement and Study of Earthquakes NASA HQ Public Affairs Office ( NASANews@luna.osf.hq.nasa.gov Mon, 28 Oct 1996 14:17:42 -0500 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: NASA HQ Public Affairs Office: "NASA Managers Defer Setting STS-80 Launch Date Pending Resolution of Rocket Motor Nozzle Issue" Previous message: NASA HQ Public Affairs Office: "1996 Antarctic Ozone Hole Below Record Average Size" Douglas Isbell Headquarters, Washington, DC October 28, 1996 (Phone: 202/358-1753) Mary Hardin Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA (Phone: 818/354-5011) Cheryl Dybas National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA (Phone: 703/306-1070) Don Kelly U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA (Phone: 703/648-4466) RELEASE: 96-218 NEW TECHNOLOGY TO HELP MEASUREMENT AND STUDY OF EARTHQUAKES Scientists have begun installing a network of 250 Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers that will continuously measure the constant, yet physically imperceptible, movements of earthquake faults throughout southern California. This

54. English For earthquake and strong wind measurement. SeismicSwitche. Related earthquakemeasurement system capable of all processsing from sensing to data analysis. http://www.to-soku.co.jp/english.htm

Welcome Japnese A Brief Sketch of Tokyo Sokushin. PRODUCT Optical Fiber Senson FBG Sensor Seismometer Velocity meter Accelero meter(1) Accelero meter(2) Seismograph Velocity type Accelero type High Sensitivity Strain meter High resolution and wide dynamicrange Digital Recorder For earthquake and strong wind measurement SeismicSwitche Prevention fo earthquake damage Seismic Imtensive Meter Portable Ambient Vibration Monitoring system SPC-51 Our productions are including seismograph. Related earthquake measurement system capable of all processsing from sensing to data analysis. Head office: 2-22-9, Nishi-Nippori, Arakawa-Ku. Tokyo, 116-0013 Japan Facfory: 5-16-12, Nishi-Nippori, Arakawa-Ku. Tokyo, 116-0013 Japan URl: http://www.to-soku.co.jp E-mail: info@to-soku.co.jp Establish: Capitalization: Main Bank: Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank Minowa Baranch Anual sales Employees: Subsidiaries: 2 Limited companies

55. Earthquake Hazards - External Research We report our studies of source and wave propagation parameters for regional earthquakes,especially the precision in measurement of earthquake strength, using http://erp-web.er.usgs.gov/reports/annsum/vol39/pt/g3054.htm

QUANTIFICATION OF EARTHQUAKES BASED ON IMPROVED ESTIMATES OF ENERGY USING REGIONAL WAVES USGS Award No.: 1434-HQ-97-GR03054 Paul G. Richards Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY 10964 Tel: 914-365-8389 Fax: 914-365-8150 Program Element: I and III Key words: Geophysics/Seismology/Wave propagation, Geophysics/Seismology/Source characteristics INVESTIGATIONS UNDERTAKEN We report our studies of source and wave propagation parameters for regional earthquakes, especially the precision in measurement of earthquake strength, using seismic energy as the underlying property. The study is accomplished by analyzing the strongest regional seismic waves at distances in the range 20 - 1000 km, using frequencies across a wide band. Because of the demonstrable stability of root-mean-square (RMS) Lg amplitude and the relationship between RMS Lg and seismic energy, the study improves the accuracy of the traditional steps of correcting measured regional wave amplitudes for propagation effects, such as geometrical spreading and attenuation (1/ Q ) as a function of frequency, and on the scaling of regional earthquakes in northeastern United States, such as static stress drop and seismic energy.

56. YOKOGAWA Test & Measurement -Application Notes- Yokogawa test and measurement offers application notes and technical informationfor T M related industries. (titleEarthquake Predication Reserch by http://www.yokogawa.com/tm/Appli/19/earthquake.html

Application Note / Laboratory tmgmc-9904-019 Prediction Research by Electromagnetic Wave [Application] Capture ULF electromagnetic wave generated from rock destruction by crustal motion then analyze the correlation between the wave and earthquake. This research will hopefully lead to earthquake prediction. Zoom function makes it easy to expand a specific part of the display when you want to analyze the details of a "long-period" waveform. Capture a long-period of electromagnetic wave sensor data (tri-directional) Direction is an important factor in analyzing electromagnetic waves, but can be difficult to measure due to low signal levels. Several months of continuous data is typically needed. Extract necessary electromagnetic wave frequency level from various signals containing noise, and analyze correlation between the wave and earthquake using differential and integral calculations. [DL708E Features] Up to 8 isolated input channels with 16-bit resolution Direct input of sensor signal Long memory - maximum 4M word/channel Continuous measurement for more than 10 hours at 100S/s sampling Connect several mass memory devices by SCSI interface By Zoom function, zooming rate or period can be set easily

57. Bellcore NEBS, Earthquake Simulation, Electromagnetic Compatibility, Electromagn a 10inch stroke biaxial hydraulic actuated earthquake simulator with fuel load,extinguishing properties, heat release measurement, qualitative/quantitative http://www.swri.edu/4org/d01/fire/firetech/Bellcore.htm

CONTACT: Chip Bailey Fire Technology E-mail: Chip Bailey KEY TERMS: Bellcore NEBS earthquake simulation electromagnetic compatibility electromagnetic interference environmental exposure fire performance independent third party assessment nationally recognized testing laboratory (NRTL) shock and vibration Fire Technology Services Bellcore Network Equipment System (NEBS) Compliance Testing S outhwest Research Institute (SwRI) performs Bellcore Network Equipment Building System (NEBS) compliance testing at one location to aid industry in providing reliable telecommunications service. With NEBS testing, continuous operation is assured during emergency calls for police, fire, and medical service, even in geographical areas prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes. Equipment and services include: Laboratory Earthquake Simulation Using a 10-inch stroke biaxial hydraulic actuated earthquake simulator with computer control, SwRI runs synthesized waveforms like the Bellcore GR-063-CORE VERTEQII acceleration time history or synthesized random drive signals to meet required Shock Response Spectra (IEEE 344 and IEC 68-3-3). Fire Performance Evaluation Equipment, cables assemblies, and materials are evaluated to obtain fire hazard characterization, extinguishability criteria, and fire spread data.

58. Earthquake Forecast By Regional Stress Tracing Using Monopolar Electric Field Me B.Ustundag, S.Ozerdem, H.Eyidogan, “earthquake Forecast By Monopolar ElectricField measurement”, 1st international symposium of ITU the Faculty of Mines http://deprem.cs.itu.edu.tr/FP6/electra.htm

Electric Field Oriented Sensor Fusion (EFOS) for Earthquake Forecast and Multipurpose Data Service Code name : ELECTRA Acronym : EFOS 1. Target and Description of the project ELECTRA is a multipurpose sensor fusion project that mainly focuses recording and serving the data related to earthquake precursory events. 2. Method of the project There have been many research activities on prediction of approximate time and the epicenters of probable earthquakes. Some of these researches depend on evaluation of physical changes on earth surface. Widely worked parameters are change in soil resistivity, spectral analysis of transmitted electromagnetic signals inside the ground, electric potential change between probe points, change in radon emission rate, temperature change in thermal spring waters, water level change inside the wells, measurement of long term movement of terrestrial points by GPS, temporal and spatial changes in background seismicity, observation of behavior of the biological beings [1] and measurement of acoustic emission [2]. Survivors reported lightening spirits before the Kocaeli earthquake in 17th August 1999 and the spark over the fault line above the sea and land during the earthquake. Unusual behavior of some animals were recorded by the security cameras just before the earthquake. Some people determined that their watches had stopped without any technical reason a few days before the earthquake and those problems disappeared after the earthquake. These observations and the evidences published in several books and journals [1,3,4,5,6] led us towards one of the major measurable precursor of the earthquakes that might be the change in electric field close to the surface.

59. Strong Motion Instrumentation Technology And Yu Shuangjiu, The Operation of Seismic measurement System and earthquake Decisionfor Nuclear Engineering, World Information on earthquake Engineering, Vol.10 http://www.iem.net.cn/1d/english/twjsh.htm

Strong Motion Instrumentation Technology and Station (Array) Construction Peng Kezhong, Xie Lili, Li Shabai, W. D. Iwan, T. L. Teng, D. Boore, The Near-source Strong-Motion Accelerograms Recorded by An Experimental Array in Tangshan, China, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.4, No.4, 1984 (in Chinese). Lili Xie, Kezhong Peng, Shuangjiu Yu, Present Status of Chinese Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, Proceedings of the PRC-US-JAPAN Trilateral Symposium/ Workshop on Engineering for Multiple National Hazard Mitigation, Beijing, 1985. Xie Lili, Peng Kezhong, Yu Shuangjiu, Present Status of Chinese Strong Motion 2nstrument Program, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.6, No.4, 1986 (in Chinese). Li Shabai, The Developing Status of Strong Motion Accelerograph, World Information on Earthquake Engineering, No.1, 1987 (in Chinese). Li S. B., Peng K. Z., Some Results of the IEM/CIT-USGS-USC Joint Research Project on Strong Ground Motion, Proceedings of the Sino-American Workshop on Strong-Motion Measurement, Pasadena, 1989. Lili Xie, Kezhong Peng, Shuangjiu Yu, An Overview of Chinese Strong Motion Instrumentation and Data Processing Program, Proceedings of Sino-American Workshop on Strong-Motion Measurement, Pasadena, 1989.

60. CURRICULUM VITAE of earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, February 1991. Selected Engineeringand Consulting Reports. 1. “Syncrolift Vibration measurement, Todd http://www.usc.edu/dept/civil_eng/Earthquake_eng/alumni/AliAmini/cv.html

CURRICULUM VITAE Ali Amini Address California State University, Northridge, EA1321 Engineering Department , California State University Northridge, California 91330 Education B.S.- 1974 California State Univ. San Jose (Electrical Engineering) M.S. - 1976 California State Univ. San Jose (Electrical Engineering) Engineer's Degree-1977 University of Southern California (Electrical Engineering) M.S. - 1998 University of Southern California (Civil Engineering) Ph.D. - 1982 University of Southern California (Earthquake Engineering) Research Interests Testing and development of instrumentation Full scale testing of structures Teaching and Work Experience Professor, l991- present, California State University, Northridge, Associate Professor, l988 - l99l California State University, Northridge Lecturer, 1986 - 1988 California State University, Northridge Research Engineer, July 82 - March 85 Kinemetrics Inc., Pasadena, CA

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