21. Saving The Amur Leopard List of european zoos participaing in the Amur leopard conservation breedingprogramme. List of european zoos participating in the breeding programme. http://www.amur-leopard.org/zoos_eep.html

Introduction Status in the Wild Status in Zoos List of European zoos participating in the breeding programme ... News and Updates "Support from the zoo population has a good claim to be one of the world's highest conservation priorities" "- EEP Studbook 1998" Amur leopards currently recorded as in the EEP The table below lists the zoos currently participating in the EEP programme and the number of animals held by each collection as at 1st January 2001. Location Country Numbers (male.female) Agrate Italy Alma-ata Khazakstan Antwerp Belgium Augsburg Germany Aywaille Belgium Berlin TP Germany Berlin Zoo Germany Burford UK Bussolengo Italy Chard UK Copenhagen Denmark Dortmund Germany Frankfurt Germany Gossau Switzerland Helskinki Finland Hodenhagen Germany Hunnebostrand Sweden Kaunas Lithuania Kazan Russia Khar Kov Ukraine Leipzig Germany Leningrad Russia London RP UK Marwell UK Moscow Russia Mulhouse France Nikolaev Ukraine Novosibirsk Russia Olomouc Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic Punta Verde Italy Punta Verde Rhenen Netherlands Rostov Russia Rotterdam Holland Seversk Russia Sofia Bulgaria Tallinn Estonia Yarmouth UK Total

22. Saving The Amur Leopard Status in Zoos. List of european zoos participating in the breeding programme.The PMP Population in North America. Amur leopards in other regions. http://www.amur-leopard.org/zoos.html

Introduction Status in the Wild Status in Zoos List of European zoos participating in the breeding programme ... News and Updates "Support from the zoo population has a good claim to be one of the world's highest conservation priorities" "- EEP Studbook 1998" Status of the Amur leopard in Zoos As of October 2001, the Amur leopard EEP stood at 108 animals (56.52) in 36 institutions. There are a further 20 (12.8) Amur leopards listed in the International Studbook in European and CIS institutions that are not participating in the EEP. Cooperation and communication in this programme is now good, though there are some difficulties remaining which need to be addressed as soon as possible. One of the recommendations of the Workshop on Conservation of the Far Eastern Leopard in Vladivostok in May 2001 was to investigate the possibility of ensuring that the genetic analysis of the captive population carried out by the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity had sampled the whole population. Using information to hand at the meeting, the Coordinators estimated that the existing analysis had sampled about 85% of the global captive gene pool. The EEP is currently awaiting a list of all the founders so far sampled, from the lab. When this is received it will be possible to work out which living leopards contain contributions from the remaining founders and assess the feasibility of collecting suitable samples from them.

23. About ZGW We are now back in Europe, are currently writing up and promoting thework we have done and preparing Resource packs for european zoos. http://www.zoosgowild.com/about_zgw.htm

creating links between zoos and conservation in the wild Zoos Go Wild was developed by Jens Sigsgaard and Nan Swannie and was launched to the 400 members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria in September 2000, at their annual conference. About Zoos Go Wild - contents: Aims Why ZGW is needed Why South America Timetable ... Aalborg Zoo Overall Aim Is to assist zoos to develop closer links with and support conservation projects in the wild. The specific purpose of this initial project Is to be a pivotal resource in the development of effective links and support between zoos within the European Zoo Community and conservation projects in the wild, in the biodiversity hot spots of South America. Why is “Zoos Go Wild” needed? Conservation in the wild (in-situ) needs support. New European Zoo Legislation makes it mandatory for zoos to support conservation in the wild, biodiversity research and improve their education provision. Many Small to medium sized collections are panicking about how they are to achieve this from 2002, when it will come into force. By providing zoos with the information and resources required to make effective links with in-situ conservation organisations, we will help them improve the conservation outputs of both.

24. Press Cuttings european zoos help endangered turtles. Press Release Source EuropeanAssociation of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) Date 10 January 2002. http://www.cites.org/eng/news/cuttings/2002/0110_EAZA_turtle.shtml

Press release 49th meeting of the Standing Committee New Appendices Update of Resolutions ... CITES calendar European zoos help endangered turtles Press Release Source: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) Date: 10 January 2002 On Wednessday 9 January two representatives of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) left for Hong Kong to prepare the transportation of some 1,000 confiscated, endangered turtles to Europe. Some 10,000 rare turtles, intended for human consumption, were confiscated in Hong Kong on 11 December last year. Hong Kong authorities placed the animals, which had not been fed or watered for several weeks, in an animal rescue centre. Since the animals could not be returned to the wild, a solution for their permanent placement had to be found quickly. On request by the international Turtle Survival Alliance (and its board member Henk Zwartepoorte), the EAZA Executive Office asked its membership to make permanent housing for these turtles available. Approximately thirty EAZA zoos in 9 European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom) already offered their assistance and will provide some 1,000 turtles with new homes.

25. Press Cuttings Full story . european zoos help endangered turtles. January 10, 2002(press release of EAZA) On Wednessday 9 January two representatives http://www.cites.org/eng/news/press_cutting.shtml

Press release 49th meeting of the Standing Committee New Appendices Update of Resolutions ... CITES calendar Press cuttings The endangered species conservation can now rely on a new tool for trade controls ROME, 20 September 2002 (Italian CITES MA) - The Management Authority of Italyhas presented today to Customs Officers and to other Italian Management Authorities officials an Operation Manual on the methods and procedures to be adopted for the control operations at the border Customs on import, (re) export, transit and transhipment of CITES specimen in and from the European Community. Full story Trade Sanctions Motivate Change in Wildlife Mavericks GENEVA, Switzerland, March 18, 2002 (ENS) - Trade suspensions have succeeded in prompting the United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Fiji, and Vietnam to move towards more effective and sustainable management systems for a number of endangered species. Full story 80 Shahtoosh shawls seized in Delhi NEW DEHLI, March 18, 2002 (WPSI) - During a drive to apprehend Kashmiri militants, the Special Branch of the Delhi Police yesterday arrested two traders and seized 80 shahtoosh shawls at Jangpura Extension in New Delhi. The two traders are both residents of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir. The Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) assisted the police with the latter part of the investigation.

26. Zoos Must Not Keep Elephants unacceptable. They say adult elephants in european zoos have half the 30yearlifespan of their counterparts working in Asian timber camps. http://www.save-the-elephants.org/Elephant News Items/Zoos must not keep elephan

British and European zoos should stop keeping elephants, the RSPCA said yesterday, because the animals suffer grim conditions and poor welfare, and die young. Zoos must not keep elephants, demands report by RSPCA 22 October 2002 Michael McCarthy, The Independent They endure inadequate diet, illness, deficient enclosures, inappropriate social grouping and rough treatment at the hands of their keepers, the RSPCA says, and have much shorter lives than elephants in the wild or even working elephants in Asia. In a report commissioned by the society, two Oxford University scientists, Ros Clubb and Georgia Mason, lay out a range of welfare problems they say makes the captivity unacceptable. They say adult elephants in European zoos have half the 30-year lifespan of their counterparts working in Asian timber camps. In the wild they could expect to reach 60 or 65. The RSPCA is calling

27. ABCNEWS.com : Zoo Animals At Risk Of Foot-and-Mouth (Adam Butler/AP Photo), Survival Issues european zoos Call for Footand-Mouth Vaccinationto Prevent Disaster By Leela Jacinto March 28 — The wildcats at the http://abcnews.go.com/sections/world/DailyNews/britain010328_footmouth.html

March 28, 2001 Good Morning America World News Tonight PrimeTime Nightline ... COMMUNITY var flash = 0; var ShockMode = 0; var Flash_File_Path = "http://adimages.go.com/ad/sponsors/compaq/comp-log0302/comp-log0302.swf"; var default_image = "http://adimages.go.com/ad/sponsors/compaq/comp-log0302/comp-log0302.gif"; var default_alttext = "visit hp.com"; var ad_width = "95"; var ad_height = "30"; on error resume next FlashInstalled = (IsObject(CreateObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.4"))) If FlashInstalled = "True" then flash = 1 End If REFERENCE COOL DOWNLOADS SEND THIS PAGE TO A FRIEND ... ABCNEWS.com GO TO: Select a Topic International Index Raw News HOMEPAGE INTERNATIONAL FEATURE David Gill, director of South Lakes Wild Animal Park in England, is worried his wildcats might starve as the zoo's supply of fresh red meat threatens to run out. (Adam Butler/AP Photo) Survival Issues European Zoos Call for Foot-and-Mouth Vaccination to Prevent Disaster By Leela Jacinto March 28 Wildcats aren't generally supposed to eat poultry, but as the foot-and-mouth outbreak ravages Britain and prices of fresh red meat soar, the staff at South Lakes has been forced to increase the chicken quota in the wildcats' diets in a desperate bid to fight starvation. Across Britain and Europe, zoos and wildlife parks are emptying while food stocks are being depleted.

28. Veterinary Prophylaxis And Therapy At Schönbrunn Zoo Veterinary prophylaxis and therapy at european zoos by Dipl.Tzt. Methods andAims In 1993 and 1994 the author conducted surveys at 61 european zoos. http://www.zoovienna.at/old/e_tierarzt.html

Veterinary prophylaxis and therapy at European Zoos by Dipl.Tzt. Hermann Josef Schiefbahn Dissertation at the 1st University Medical Clinic for Solidungulates and Small Animals of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna (1996) Methods and Aims Basis The veterinary prophylaxis in zoos fundamentally consists of five fields: preventive measures in keeping and daily contact with animals preventive measures during feeding infection prophylaxis parasitological monitoring breeding-related measures General statistical results the size of the zoos varis betwween 4 and 260 hectars (average size: 34 ha) the zoo population varies between 270 and 15,600 individuals (average value: 2945) the number of species varies between 28 and 1400 species (on average 356 species) the staff membership varies from 8 to 287 (average: 96 persons) approximately one-third of the investigated zoos do not employ their own veterinarian, relying instead on contracted veterinarianso only one-fourth of the zoos are not visited daily by a veterinarian three-quarters of the zoos have their own quarantine station 16% of the zoos lack a treatment or operation room Ranking list: Most common vaccinations against infectious diseases Feline panleucopenia 95% of those zoos that have cats vaccinate against this disease Distemper 43 zoos vaccinate against this disease Cat cold syndrome Vaccinations in 40 zoos.

29. Association Of The Friends Of Schönbrunn Zoo, Vienna of the Welfare of Zoo Elephants in Europe , was published and at the same time theRSPCA started a campaign against the keeping of elephants in european zoos. http://www.zoovienna.at/old/e_statment_eleph.html

Statement to the new book "A Review of the Welfare of Zoo Elephants in Europe" and the RSPCA Campaign to this topic. Harald M. Schwammer hschwammer@zoovienna.at Statement Summary: The book A Review of the Welfare of Zoo Elephants in Europe , from Ros Clubb and Georgia Mason (Oxford University) has to be welcomed, although most data stretch back to the 1960s and across all zoos in Europe and consequently recent improvement trends are not mentioned. As theory-book together with the " Management Guidelines for the Welfare of Zoo Animals, Elephants ", compiled by Miranda F. Stevensen, as recently published by the Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland, improvement of elephant keeping methods can be enforced in selected zoos with outdated elephant-facilities and -management methods. And it has to be agreed that there exist still a lot of those. What made the RSPCA: The RSPCA was turning a useful scientific report into a highly emotive campaign, This unfairly condemns good zoos, which are very important for education, research and conservation. This method is wrong, as it would be wrong to condemn all European universities and demand the closure of them, because in some of them problems in teaching-management or whatever had been detected. This is not the way to handle problems which for sure are existing.

30. Elephant Free London A study of 20 european zoos in 1996 revealed that young were produced on averageonce every 22 years, whereas in the wild elephants give birth once every four http://www.bornfree.org.uk/elephantfree/elecapt.html

NEWS PROJECTS EDUCATION GET INVOLVED ... Elephants in zoos – the track record Longevity – wild elephants can live to 70 years old but few in zoos reach half that age. The European Elephant Group discovered that 63% of the 120 Asian elephants be born in captivity between 1902 and 1992 in Europe died before the age of eight. Only 44 (37%) of individuals lived long enough to become sexually mature. In the 170 years that London Zoo displayed elephants, 69 have been displayed and 27 have died at London Zoo; 85% died before the age of 21 and 30% of those that died were less than 6 years old. Reproduction – despite the fact that both the African and Asian elephant are part of European Breeding Programmes, breeding success is very low. A study of 20 European zoos in 1996 revealed that young were produced on average once every 22 years, whereas in the wild elephants give birth once every four to five years. According to data collected by the European Elephant Group, out of 450 Asian elephants kept in European zoos in 1992, only 19 were able to breed. That indicates a breeding base of just 4%, which would clearly not be able to make a meaningful contribution to the population of Asian elephants. In Britain, there have only been a hand full of elephant births and in the 170 years of elephant keeping at London Zoo, there has been only one recorded birth in August 1902, a male stillborn calf.

31. Elephant Free UK - RSPCA scientists for Animal Behaviour Research Group at Oxford University, also focuseson the immediate welfare and treatment of elephants in european zoos. http://www.bornfree.org.uk/elephantfree/rspca.htm

NEWS PROJECTS EDUCATION GET INVOLVED ... RSPCA Report AN END TO ELEPHANTS IN CAPTIVITY? BORN FREE FOUNDATION JOINS RSPCA CALL FOR PHASING-OUT OF ELEPHANTS IN ZOOS. NEW REPORT SUGGESTS ENOUGH IS ENOUGH Once more the plight of elephants in captivity has hit the headlines. Publishing a hard-hitting report "Live hard, die young", the RSPCA concludes that zoos should "immediately phase-out their keeping of elephants." The Report, independently carried by independent scientists for Animal Behaviour Research Group at Oxford University, also focuses on the immediate welfare and treatment of elephants in European zoos. The RSPCA calls for urgent improvements to the current "inadequate" conditions, husbandry techniques and general zoo elephant management. The Born Free Foundation welcomes this new report and urges the zoo industry to accept and implement its findings as a matter of urgency.

32. Asiatic Lion Information Centre - How You Can Help The Fund has a 5year plan for field work on the wild lions in the Gir forest,a breeding program in the european zoos and an information kit for Asian and http://www.asiatic-lion.org/help.html

Saving the lion of India - they need your help As you can see from the information throughout these pages there are many people around the world working together to try to ensure the future for the Asiatic lion is a positive one. Much of this work, especially in the field, goes on without the kind of publicity that other high profile conservation campaigns attract. If you would like to be a part of the work to protect the lion of India there are many ways in which you can help. The Asiatic Lion Fund The Asiatic Lion Foundation aims to support research on the Gir lions, to aid in creating a strong and healthy captive Asiatic lion population and to, through the twenty European and some Indian zoos who keep this lion subspecies, educate the public about the situation threatening the future of the Asiatic lion. The Fund has a 5-year plan for field work on the wild lions in the Gir forest, a breeding program in the European zoos and an information kit for Asian and European zoos. The calculated cost for five years is, in US $581 000 of which the field work amounts to $250 000, the captive breeding program to $31 000, the information kit to $60 000, a project manager for five years on 50% basis to $200 000 and two trips yearly to Europe and India to $40 000. Should the fund generate more funding, first of all an in-depth analysis of the suggested habitats for excessive Gir lions should be made. Second to that, financial supporting of projected lion exhibits in European zoos should be made.

33. Guardian Unlimited | Special Reports | Short, Unhappy Life For Elephants Kept In Asian elephants in european zoos live half as long as elephants hauling timber intropical logging camps, Oxford zoologists say in a report published today. http://www.guardian.co.uk/animalrights/story/0,11917,817303,00.html

Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Newsroom Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home UK Business Online ... Quiz Search this site Go to... Special report: animal rights Animal rights archived articles In this section Operation Tiggywinkle Rose George: Egg poachers at large Racehorses 'buckling under relentless pressure' £5 a head bounty for rescuing hedgehogs ... Tim Dowling on why we keep giving money to the Donkey Sanctuary Short, unhappy life for elephants kept in zoos Tim Radford, science editor Wednesday October 23, 2002 The Guardian Being a zoo elephant is not an easy life, far from it. You get fat, stressed, and unhealthy; reach puberty early; suffer fertility problems; and go to an early grave. Asian elephants in European zoos live half as long as elephants hauling timber in tropical logging camps, Oxford zoologists say in a report published today.

34. EAZA - Evropska Asociace Zoologockych Zahrad A Akvarii AZA. 271 european zoos are regular members of the European associationand also some extraeuropean zoos are associated members. The http://gate.vosji.cz/ucsz/eaza_en.htm

EAZA - European Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums www.eaza.net Animals know no boundaries, that is why zoological gardens cannot do without close cooperation, either. To coordinate their activities, they form national and continental unions and associations. There are 22 national and supernational associations registered alltogether. All our zoos are members of Union of the Czech and Slovak Zoological Gardens (UCSZ), which is a member of the European Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums (EAZA). Most of our zoos are regular members of this organization as well.EAZA has probably the most member gardens after the American association AZA. 271 European zoos are regular members of the European association and also some extraeuropean zoos are associated members. The headquarters of this organization are in Amsterodam, where also a scanty team of apparat staff reside. Ing. Vladislav Jirousek

35. EZITT Welcome to the EZITT Pilot Project (european zoos Information TechnologyTraining project). This project is a pilot project which http://ezitt.caiia-star.net/intro.html

Welcome to the EZITT Pilot Project (European Zoos Information Technology Training project) This project is a pilot project which is a collaboration between several European Zoos , namely : Budapest Zoo in Hungary Decin Zoo in the Czech Republic Dresden Zoo, Germany Dublin Zoo in Ireland The co ordinating zoo is Paignton Zoo in the UK Other partners in this project. Times change and with those changes come the opportunity to share the knowledge and experiences of people from all over the world. With today's technological advances in Information Communication Technology, it is possible for anyone to access information, even in those countries that have no formal framework for vocational training as yet. The aim of this project is to use up to date methods of communication to improve, and in some cases introduce, Zoo keeper training throughout Europe. The training programme is delivered via the Internet, making it accessible world wide and a much more interactive way for keepers to learn. One of the main objectives is to improve, through training, the conditions of and attitudes towards keeping captive wild animals, and go some way towards standardising levels of care.

36. USATODAY.com - American Zoos Help Kabul Animals might think. . A donor who wanted to remain anonymous promised $10,000,and european zoos have also pledged money. Jones, who visited http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2001/12/01/zoos.htm

Home News Main Categories Top News Nation States Washington/Politics ... Offbeat More News Columnists Lotteries City Guides Government Guide ... Weather Site Web Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox 12/01/2001 - Updated 08:43 AM ET American zoos help Kabul animals "It was then quite a nice zoo for that part in the world," said Jones, director of the North Carolina Zoo. But that was 15 years ago. Today, the number of species at the Kabul zoo has been halved to 19, including a handful of wolves, monkeys, and a lion that was blinded in one eye when an Afghan guerrilla threw a grenade into its cage. The animals' welfare is a low priority of Kabul residents right now who have troubles of their own. In response to reports about conditions at the zoo, North American zoos and aquariums began a campaign this week to raise $30,000 to keep the Kabul zoo running for the next four to six months. By Friday, the North Carolina Zoological Society had pledges worth $26,000 from 150 donors. "Some people say, 'Isn't this a bit crazy when we've got all the human problems?"' said Jones. "I think there's ... a much larger appreciation of the animal side of this kind of conflict than what they might think."

37. Animals In Captivity Elephants in european zoos Dying Prematurely Dec. Elephants in only 10percent of european zoos are provided with opportunities to graze. http://www.geocities.com/beckygretz19/veg_animals_in_captivity.html

Animals in Captivity Vegetarianism/Animal Rights/Environmental Issues Index HOME In zoos, animals are deprived of any natural habitat or natural life. They are born in captivity, or captured in the wild and caged. In their natural environment, elephants live in herds of as many as 100 other elephants, and often travel great distances. In zoos, they spend their days confined in small areas to be viewed, and spend their nights in ankle chains. Elephants at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo have been known to spend 16 hours a day in ankle chains. Marine mammals in aquariums live similar lives, confined to small concrete tanks. As a result, animals in captivity are usually depressed, bored, and lonely. They also develop behaviors such as pacing, swaying, repetitive head bobbing, self-mutilation, overeating, and exaggerated aggression. In addition to this, zoo animals may be neglected. In fact, many animals have died due to neglect and lack of veterinary care. The conditions they are forced to live include small, filthy cages, excessive noise and improper lighting. Although it is rarely mentioned, captive animals are sometimes faced with abuse from handlers, ranging from beatings to killings. At the San Diego Wild Animal Park trainers admitted to chaining an elephant by all four legs, pulling her to the ground, and beating her in the head with axe handles over a two day period. This was to establish dominance.

38. ZSL-ZSL winter. Five UK and seven european zoos have responded and the cratesare now under construction in Moscow Zoo. With temperatures http://www.zsl.org/press/pr_0000000375.html

About ZSL Press Centre Jobs News ... ZSL Conservation Programmes UK zoos go the rescue of Russia's wild tigers UK zoos have joined forces, following an appeal by fellow tiger conservationists in Russia, to help rescue wild Amur tigers that have been affected by the severe winter in the Russian Far East. The special Tiger Response Team, set up by the Russian authorities to deal with conflicts between tigers and humans, has requested tiger crates to hold and move wild tigers that have strayed into villages during the bad winter. Five UK and seven European zoos have responded and the crates are now under construction in Moscow Zoo. "This has been a terrible winter and has driven a great many tigers into villages looking for food" says Sarah Christie, Conservation Programmes Co-ordinator for The Zoological Society of London (ZSL). " Tigers have been forced to prey on domestic animals such as dogs and this leads to conflict with the local population." "The crates will be an invaluable asset in our attempts to safely rescue these tigers and ensure that they can be moved to areas where they have some chance of survival." Says Dale Miquelle of the Wildlife Conservation Society. "The crates will also be used for shipping tigers to zoos in cases where there is no alternative, but the primary aim is to help the tigers survive in the wild." Though the weather is now beginning to improve, the effects of the bad winter will continue to have an impact on this endangered species as many tigers may be too weak to hunt for food. Threatened by poaching and habitat loss, the severe winter is just another setback for this critically endangered species. Even in a normal winter, there are always some incidents of tiger-human conflicts. UK zoos are very pleased to be able to help the Tiger Response Team to deal with these in the future.

39. Dissertationsdatenbank Translate this page Problems in reindeer husbandry and nutrition in the Schönbrunner Zoo and othereuropean zoos – Comparison, possible reasons and solution proposals, http://www.arcs.ac.at/dissdb/rn036712

Voith Richard Probleme der Haltung und Fuetterung von Rentieren im Schoenbrunner Tiergarten und in anderen europaeischen Zoos - Vergleich, Ursachenanalyse und Loesungsvorschlaege Problems in reindeer husbandry and nutrition in the Schönbrunner Zoo and other European zoos – Comparison, possible reasons and solution proposals Pagination: 108 S. Publikationsdatum: Sprache: deutsch Affiliation: VW00181; Veterinaermedizinische Universitaet Wien; Institut fuer Tierhaltung und Tierschutz Begutachter: Troxler Josef Arnold Walter Akad. Grad: Dr. med. vet. Klassifikation: G0645 Veterinaermedizin Schlagworte deutsch: Rentier; Rentierhaltung; Zoo; Fuetterung; Vergleich; Body Condition Scoring; Wiegen; Passagezeit; Schlagworte englisch: reindeer; reindeer husbandry; zoo; feeding; body condition scoring; comparison; weighing; food passage time; Zusammenfassung deutsch: Zusammenfassung englisch: Availability: Universitaetsbibliothek der Veterinaermedizinischen Universitaet Wien, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria Signatur: WD 4343

40. Elephants The study, conducted by scientists at Oxford University shows elephants die youngin european zoos, having suffered from deficient enclosures, poor diet http://www.captiveanimals.org/elephants/rspca.htm

Live hard, die young - how elephants suffer in zoos On 23rd October the RSPCA published the fullest ever study into the welfare of elephants in zoos. The study, conducted by scientists at Oxford University shows elephants die young in European zoos, having suffered from deficient enclosures, poor diet, illness, inappropriate social grouping, and rough treatment at the hands of their keepers. Do elephants really belong in places like this... Adult elephants in European zoos have about half the 30-year lifespan of their counterparts working in Asian timber camps, when they could expect to reach 60-65 in the wild. Zoo breeding programmes also have an abysmal record - 35% of zoo females fail to breed, 15-25% of Asian zoo babies are stillborn, and another 6-18% are rejected or even killed by their mothers. Zoo enclosures can be 60 to 100 times smaller than the smallest wild territories - with 90% of those in Europe providing no grazing. For several years CAPS has investigated the keeping of elephants in zoos, and our major undercover investigation of elephant training at Blackpool Zoo was widely covered in the RSPCA report. We have for a long time criticised the training of elephants in zoos to perform circus-style tricks, and these tricks have also been condemned in this report.

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