41. MOST Ethno-Net Publication: Anthropology Of Africa attention to the fact that Cameroonian indigenous ethnic groups the various communitieswhich sustained peoples lives than what they envisaged as a fang State http://www.ethnonet-africa.org/pubs/p95forje2.htm

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA PUBLICATIONS Anthropology of Africa and the Challenges of the Third Millennium - Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts, PAAA / APA, 1999 The Politics of Democratization, Ethnicity and its Management in Africa, with Experience from Cameroon John W. Forje CARAD Yaounde - Cameroon Political or Belly Kingdom Can a study of democratization and ethnicity in Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan , etc. hold general lessons? Is the state of ethnicity and ethnic conflict the same in these countries? Did democratization begin with the granting of independence to Ghana following the fall out of Macmillan‘s famous speech of the "wind of change blowing across the continent of Africa?" Africa since the late 1950s and early 1960s jumped on the bandwagon of democratization and good governance for better or worse. Nkrumah’s adage of "seek ye first the political kingdom" was practically converted to "fill ye my stomach" by the new generation of African leaders and their subordinate citizens. Some analysts even doubt that African states are yet to democratize. Their argument is that African states since the attainment of political independence have been more concerned with "politics of the belly" rather than the proper transfer and appropriate use of power to address the changing and challenging predicaments of the society. It is the governing elites and not the masses that matters. As long as the elites enjoy the benefits of the nation’s wealth, there is the presumption that all is fine with the suffering population or the rest of society can go to hell and as long as the power base of the ruling elites is not contested and threatened by the suffering silent majority.

42. ASM Supplementary No. 26 of whom are the Basarwa, the indigenous minority ethnic between the Bakola and theBantu peoples of the and the Bassa, Boulou, Bakoko, Mvae, fang, Evouzok and http://www.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kiroku/asm_suppl/abstracts/ASM_s26.html

No. 26 (2001) African Hunter-Gatherers : Persisting Cultures and Contemporary Problems Edited by Jiro TANAKA, Mitsuo ICHIKAWA, and Daiji KIMURA pp. 1-8 INTRODUCTION: Persisting Cultures and Contemporary Problems among African Hunter-Gatherers Mitsuo ICHIKAWA Jiro TANAKA HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIETIES IN HISTORY pp. 9-14 The Significance of Sedentarization in the Human History Masaki NISHIDA Institute of History and Anthropology, University of Tsukuba ABSTRACT This paper discusses a basic ecological process of the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer life to sedentary life of food producers in human history. Through examining from an ecological viewpoint the value of starchy seeds, which comprise the most important food resource of both contemporary and prehistoric hunter-gatherers, and the demerits of sedentary life, it is concluded that a food producing sedentary life may have been a second choice of prehistoric hunter-gatherers for coping with the population increase and food crisis which began about ten thousand years ago. It is also suggested that food producing economy may have been a by-product of sedentary life. Key Words: Sedentary way of life; Starchy seeds; Soil enrichment; Population pressure.

43. Third World Studies Elizabeth also gave lectures on South africa and women, was East Timor The MAI Strugglesof indigenous peoples in the Chi Lee MeLinh Luong Yan fang Ma Dahyoon http://www2.marianopolis.edu/library/tws/annual98.html

Annual Report 1998 Introduction This year has been both immensely productive and highly rewarding for students, staff, and faculty involved in the Third World Studies Certificate. Enrollment in the Certificate has increased more than threefold over the previous year (enrollment now stands at 47 (see Appendix A for list of currently enrolled students)), and our first group of graduates will receive their certificates this year: Rachel Berger, Mamatha Bhat, Kim Birks, Sara Cohen, Aicha Fall, Lynne Frappier, Fleur Huang, Vikas Kaushal, Deborah Kilpatrick, Angela Kouris, Dilshad Marolia, Ariane Soldatos, Anna Szuminska and Ali Yousefi-Tehrani. vities among science students. The Certificate welcomed four new faculty members this year: Gleema Nambia, Gabrielle Coulu, Raj Mehta and James Jervis. Gleema added a new focus to the Certificate: issues facing indigenous people in Canada and in developing countries. In the winter semester, she invited three guest speakers - Ellen Gabriel, Linda Cree and Billy Two-Rivers to address Marianopolis students. The Certificate also benefitted from James Jervis’ background in Latin American music and culture. James spoke on “El Son Cubano” late in the term, organized a series of Latin dance classes open to all Marianopolis students, and started a “Go” (Chinese game) club. Both Gabrielle and Raj have agreed to speak to students about their areas of expertise in upcoming sessions. The Certificate has been successful not only in promoting three world issues but in helping foster a sense of initiative among students and heightening their awareness and understanding of social justice, environmental and gender issues. A number of students have also sharpened their leadership skills as a result of their involvement in the Certificate. Others have been able to develop their journalistic talents by writing for, or helping in the production of the Third World Studies Journal. At the same time, Certificate involvement has provided students with a number of opportunities with which to pursue their own third world related interests as well as establish contacts with the outside community. Students have indicated that they feel an integral part of the Certificate.

44. PROGRAM and Implications of the Internet for indigenous peoples , Alastair G Internet Developmentin africa The Case MultiUser Domains (MUDs) , Chan fang Khoon, James http://www.cs.arizona.edu/japan/www/atip/public/atip.reports.97/atip-97-069-ext-

PROGRAM Keynote Speakers Wednesday June 25, 1997 "The Future of Global Electronic Commerce" Ira Magaziner Senior Advisor to the President of the United States on Public Policy United States Government Washington, D.C. Thursday June 26, 1997 "Regulation of Cyberspace" Yb Datuk Leo Moggie Anak Irok Minister of Energy, Telecommunications, and Post Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Friday June 27, 1997 "The Top 10 Challenges to the Internet" Dr. Glenn Ricart Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer Novell, Inc. California, United States Papers were presented in the following tracks: Technology for New Generation Applications Diversity Without Barriers: Policy and Social Frontiers on the Internet Commerce - The New Frontier Educational - How Will We Teach and Learn? Regional Access - Pushing Back the Global Frontiers Users - Responding to the Challenge 25 June Wednesday Application 1: Caching and Prefetching "W3Gate: Use and Abuse", Michael Lenz, Manfred Bogen, Guido Hansen, German National Research Center for Information Technology, Germany "An Adaptive WWW Cache Mechanism in the AI3 Network", Hiroyuki Inoue, NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Japan, Kanchana Kanchanasut, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, Suguru Yamaguchi, NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Japan

45. NHBS Science Bookstore: Sustainable Development: General view Edited by KW Hipel and L fang; Exceptafrica view Emery Roe; The Experienceof Malcolm Anderson; Frontier Development and indigenous peoples view T http://www.nhbs.co.uk/we-sell-books-worldwide/z139df.html

January 2003 Winter Offers Seasonal Selection A sparkling collection of alluring books, videos and DVDs, mostly new this winter and specially chosen to appeal to natural history enthusiasts of all ages. Priced to tempt, with savings of up to 25% off. World Guides 100 key titles ranging from field guides, ID guides, photoguides to eco-travel, at up to 25% off! South East Asian Natural History 130 titles at up to 25% off Breaking Offers The latest NHBS special offer titles, ranging widely across all our subject areas. Many of these titles are new. Offers run for a limited period only, so don't delay taking advantage of them! Plus Highlights NHBS Alert is our free monthly email catalogue, with information on c.400 new titles Subscribe for the full version or choose from 19 subjects Distribution Highlights Current key titles include: Grebes of the World Seahorses ID: CDROM Britain's Butterflies Monitoring Tigers and their Prey ... Ocean Explorer Maps Publishers distributed by NHBS - click here to browse title catalogues for BirdLife International, JNCC, OFI, Prion, Wetlands

46. Courses Fall 2003 texts from Ancient Greece, Asia, africa, Modern Europe african Americans, Asian Americans,indigenous peoples of the Uday Shankar, Mei Lan fang, and Ragini Devi http://ls.berkeley.edu/dept/theater/UndergradProgram/courses-fall.2.html

Introduction Course Offerings Class Schedule Studies Major ... Audition Information COURSE OFFERINGS FOR FALL 2003 Theater R1A (section 1) - Introduction to Dramatic Literature: Theater and Games: In this course, students will develop their writing skills by exploring the connection between plays (theater) and play (games). As a class, we will investigate the following questions through readings and game play: Why are theater games considered such an important part of acting training? Why are theories of play so essential to performance studies? How does contemporary dramatic literature make use of games as a central metaphor? What kinds of theatrical models are used to make and to play video games? Through a weekly reading journal, class discussions, and writing assignments, students will build a writing portfolio and work toward a final essay that explores one of these questions. Prerequisite: Subject A Examination or course. Instructor: Jane McGonigal, MWF 10-11, 221 Wheeler, 4 units, CC# 88003.

47. Biological Conservation Newsletter including forest resources; deforestation; indigenous peoples; management, policy 89.Bodmer, R., fang, T., Moya Transvaal Lowveld, South africa, as revealed http://rathbun.si.edu/bcn/issue/128.cfm

Plant Conservation Unit Department of Systematic Biology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution ... Next Issue No. 128 January 1994 Editor: Jane Villa-Lobos NEW NATURAL HISTORY GOPHER SERVER AT SI In late October 1993 the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA, announced the creation of the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Gopher Server. With over 120 million collections and 135 professional scientists, the NMNH is one of the world's largest museums devoted to natural history and anthropology. This new server will provide access to data associated with the collections, and information and tools for the study of the natural world. Initial offerings on the server are from the departments of Botany and Vertebrate Zoology and the Laboratory of Molecular Systematics. Other departments will be joining the server shortly. The Department of Botany menu includes the Type Specimen Register of the U.S. National Herbarium (88,000 records), an index to the historical collections represented in the U.S. National Herbarium (1600 records as of 1965), recent issues of the Biological Conservation Newsletter and the ASPT Newsletter, a biological conservation bibliography (over 6000 records), and a copy of the Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas. The Department of Vertebrate Zoology is making available a checklist of the mammal species of the world. The checklist contains the names of 4629 currently-recognized species arranged in a taxonomic hierarchy. The information is abstracted from Mammal Species of the World (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993).

48. PEOPLE, PARKS, AND BIODIVERSITY: ISSUES IN POPULATION-ENVIRONMENT DYNAMICS, Part James Penn, Tula G. fang, and Louis Moya incentives for conserving biodiversity Lessonsfor africa. A. (in prep.) indigenous peoples, Traditional Technologies http://www.aaas.org/international/ehn/biod/ness3.htm

PEOPLE, PARKS, AND BIODIVERSITY: ISSUES IN POPULATION-ENVIRONMENT DYNAMICS, Part Three Inevitably, a protected area will enhance certain types of economic opportunities, such as tourism or recreational home building, while discouraging others, such as logging and mining. In the United States, some rural communities have been devastated by the closing of mining and timber operations, and others have had to face social and infrastructural problems of rapid growth brought on by increased tourism and associated construction. For example, several resort towns around New York's Adirondack Biosphere Reserve saw a dramatic increase in the proportion of service and retail trade jobs from 1970 to 1990 and a rapid decline in the number of manufacturing jobs during the same period. Rutzitis and Johansen (1989) studied domestic migration to counties in the United States that contain or are adjacent to federally designated wilderness areas. They found that employment opportunities were important to only 25% of the migrants in terms of their choice of location, while the environment or physical amenities were important to almost 50%. The most important attributes of wilderness areas to new migrants were found to be scenery (83%), outdoor recreation (79%), environmental quality (78%), and pace of life (75%). When asked about their attitudes toward development, 90% of recent migrants and 85% of established residents felt that it was important to keep the environment in its natural state. Amenities and quality-of-life factors are increasingly important to some people's decisions about moving, yet many important questions remain about the apparent conflict between amenity and extractive uses.

49. The Metropolitan Museum Of Art - News From The Met century to the formally powerful fang reliquary figures wood from western and centralAfrica that are well as Australia and the indigenous peoples of Southeast http://www.metmuseum.org/news/arts_afr.htm

Press Releases and General Information ARTS OF AFRICA, OCEANIA, AND THE AMERICAS Nearly 1,600 objects from Africa, the Pacific Islands, and the Americas are on view in The Metropolitan Museum of Art's Michael C. Rockefeller Wing. They span 3,000 years, three continents, and many islands, and represent a rich diversity of cultural traditions. Highlights of the collection include works from the Court of Benin in Nigeria and sculpture from West and Central Africa; wood sculpture from New Guinea and the island groups of Melanesia and Polynesia; and gold, ceramic, and stone objects from the Precolumbian cultures of Mexico and Central and South America. These collections are of varied materials and types, and range from ritual sculpture to gold and silver ornaments, costumes and textiles, impressive ceremonial figures, and monuments of wood and stone. Although The Metropolitan Museum of Art made its first acquisitions among these fields – a group of Peruvian antiquities – as early as 1882, no significant commitment to the arts of Africa, Oceania, or the Americas was made until 1969. At that time, Nelson A. Rockefeller offered the entire collection of a museum that he had founded in 1954, the Museum of Primitive Art, to the Metropolitan Museum. Included in the gift were 3,300 works of art, a specialized library, and a photographic archive. A separate department for the care, study, and exhibition of these works and study materials was then established at the Metropolitan. Today the collections of the Department of the Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas are housed in the Michael C. Rockefeller Wing, named for Nelson Rockefeller's son, who collected many of the Asmat objects from Irian Jaya, western New Guinea, that are now in the Museum. Among the most spectacular objects in the wing are the nine 15-foot-high Asmat memorial poles (bis) collected by Michael Rockefeller in the early 1960s. The Rockefeller Wing opened to the public in February 1982 and houses 40,000 square feet of exhibition space as well as an office mezzanine with art storerooms, a photograph archive, and the Robert Goldwater Library.

50. Academic Research Papers | Africa 15175. DOING BUSINESS IN SOUTH africa. Provides a brief LIMITS TO "MODERNIZATION" IN COLONIAL africa. A detailed examination movement of the fang peoples in Cameroun and Gabon http://www.termpaperresearch.com/catpages/catl25b.asp

Catalog Sections: Accounting Advertising Africa African American studies ... Architecture Area Studies topics China Africa Japan Middle East Third World Asia Latin America Art Astronomy Biology Business topics General HR Management International Managerial Science Marketing China Communications Computers Criminology Drama topics American English European Greek Shakespeare Economics topics Economic Theory International Developed Nations Third World Nations U.S. Education topics General Education Special Education Alternative and University Sports Employee Relations Environmental Science Film Finance ... Foreign Policy (U.S.) Geography topics China Africa Japan Middle East Third World Asia Latin America Western History topics European to 1500 European 1500-1900 European 1900 to Present U.S. to 1865 U.S. 1865 -1945 U.S. 1945 to Present HR Management International Relations International Trade Internet ... Latin America Law topics General Penology Juvenile Delinquency Linguistics Literature topics American to 1900 American 1900 to Present English to 1900 English 1900 to Present European Comparative Greek and Roman World MIS Managerial Science Marketing Marx and Marxism ... Math Media topics Film Radio/Television Communications Medicine and Health Care Middle East Minorities (other than Blacks) Music ... Personnel Management Philosophy topics Western to 1900 Western 1900 to Present Medieval Physical Education Poetry topics American English European Police Science Police Science (non-US) Political Science (U.S.)

51. 11. Contemporary Large Mammal Conservation & Local Peoples (Mike Cannon) Bodmer, Richard E., Tula G. fang, Luis Montoya I to focus on local disenfranchisedpeoples, and he Areas Management Program for indigenous Resources), which is http://www.anthro.washington.edu/Faculty/Faculty Syllabi/Anth570/11cannon.htm

Annotated Bibliography: Local People and Large Mammal Conservation Mike Cannon, Anthropology 570, December 8, 1998 Adams, Jonathan S., and Thomas O. McShane (1996) The Myth of Wild Africa: Conservation Without Illusion . Berkeley: University of California Press. This book provides an interesting history of 150 years of Western/Northern conservation and development interests in Africa, and makes a strong case that conservation and development projects are best run by and for Africans. Particularly useful are the discussions of the "poaching" issue and the impacts of national parks and game reserves on local peoples. Alvard, Michael S., John G. Robinson, Kent H. Redford, and Hillard Kaplan (1997) The sustainability of subsistence hunting in the neotropics. Conservation Biology Alvard et al . note that subsistence hunting is vital for many native people who live in the Amazon, but growing human populations, more efficient hunting technologies, and increasing markets for bushmeat are driving many prey species towards extinction. Thus, an ability to estimate sustainable harvest rates, and the question of whether such levels of harvest can be maintained, are of the utmost importance. To address these issues, the authors collected hunting data during 1988-1989 and 1990-1991 from two communities: the Machiguenga village of Yomiwato (where people hunt solely with bow and arrow) and the Piro village of Diamante (where 85% of the harvest by weight is taken with shotguns). Important prey include three species of ungulates, one large rodent (Capybara

52. La Culture Camerounaise their numerical strength is the Betifang whose traditions Stuttgart 1987) used theword indigenous to speak of and thus to identify the peoples who occupied http://www.spm.gov.cm/cameroun/culture/cam_culture_a.htm

Cultural Cameroon Dance Fables Dishes Music ... Art THE CAMEROON CULTURE The microcosm of Africa's culture Cameroon has rightly been described as the "microcosm" of Africa. On its territory are found cohabiting, mingling and intermingling all the major cultures and traditions of sub-Saharan Africa, namely: the Bantu cultures of the forest, highland and great lakes regions, not leaving out those of southern Africa etc, the Sudano-Sahelian cultures of the grassfield savannas, the Adamawa plateaux, the sandy plains and hot regions of the Sahel as well as all the intermediate varieties or "shades" such as the nomadic and pygmy cultures. A quick overview of Cameroon's cultural landscape sprawling from the Atlantic coast to Lake Chad makes it possible to distinguish and better highlight a number of major cultural spheres, each with its own original and specific features. These include the coastal region, the Bantu forest region, the grassfields and the northern region. The coastal or sawa culture Cameroon's coast stretches over close to 400km from Rio del Rey on the western border with Nigeria to Campo near the border with Gabon and Equatorial Guinea and is inhabited by such peoples as the Dualas, Bakweris, Bakokos and Batangas all of whom belong to the coastal Sawa Culture.

53. Equatorial Guinea. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 During the 17th cent. the mainland’s indigenous pygmy peoples were displacedby other groups, principally the fang, who now inhabit the area. http://www.bartleby.com/65/eq/EquatrGu.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Equatorial Guinea Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Equatorial Guinea (g KEY Malabo Land and People Economy Equatorial Guinea trades principally with Spain, the United States, Cameroon, Japan, and France. The main exports are petroleum, coffee, timber, and cocoa beans; the chief imports are petroleum products, food (especially rice), beverages, and machinery. Equatorial Guinea continues to depend heavily on foreign investment. It belongs to the Franc Zone.

54. Untitled africa came to be dominated by foreign peoples. Asian, Indian, over 1000 differentindigenous groups (including Afar, Eastern Hamitic, Ewe, fang, Hutu, Kissi http://www.osearth.com/resources/sampleNWG/NWG_beta/reports/ssa/hist.html

Sub Saharan Africa National Archives Report from Head Archivist Sub-Saharan Africa was originally inhabited by a group of people who were probably the forefathers of the Pygmies, Bushmen and Hottentots of today. In 30,000 BC, they were pushed to the Northwest and South by another group of people who were taller and larger. Sub-Saharan Africa was home to several great kingdoms before European colonization. The Ghana Empire, which began in the fourth century and reached its height in the tenth century, commanding most of the area between Timbuktu and the Atlantic Ocean. The Mali Empire (also known as the Madingo Empire) was a trading kingdom which controlled most of West Africa as well as the city of Timbuktu and extended into the southern Sahara. Under Mansa Musa, the Mali Empire reached its apogee in the fourteenth century. The Arab traveler Ibn Batuta visited and wrote on the Mali empire in the mid-fourteenth century. Africa came to be dominated by foreign peoples. The Portuguese were the first to explore Sub-Saharan Africa in 1270. By the nineteenth century, Sub-Saharan Africa had been colonized by almost every European nation and was host to a series of battles, conflicts of interest and treaties. The dynamics of this colonial period for the most part determined Africa's borders today. Countries include: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

55. International Encyclopedia Of Human Rights Expulsion Extradition Fair Trial Families fang Lizhi Federalism Human Rights WatchImmigrants Impunity indigenous and Tribal peoples Convention indigenous http://www.cqpressbookstore.com/inenofhumrig.html

Robert L. Maddex May 2000 • 8 1/2 x 11 • App. 400 pages Hardbound • ISBN 1-56802-490-8 • $125.00 R Description Table of Contents About the Author Order Description The global importance of human rights issues has sparked an ongoing need to develop a universal language for human rights and the procedures for remedying violations, where remedies are, in fact, available. Giving the broadest scope to the terms human rights and freedoms, this reference encompasses constitutional rights and freedoms as well as those addressed in international and regional agreements. Through entries that define and describe concepts and terms, to text excerpts of documents, charts depicting global comparisons, essays on organizations, and biographies of activists and theorists, this reference will serve the research and information needs of students, scholars, activists, and interested citizens. As the title suggests, International Encyclopedia of Human Rights: Freedoms, Abuses, and Remedies goes beyond the abstract to include practical information on remedies for violations of a person’s rights and freedoms by a national government, and on the private and government rights organizations that assist in reporting on or enforcing human rights. All around the world, there is a growing interest in developing a universal language for human rights and the procedures for remedying violations. International Encyclopedia of Human Rights: Freedoms, Abuses, and Remedies is written for both students of the subject and those who are actively working in the field. This new reference work points readers in the right direction for enforcing their rights rather than merely setting them forth in the abstract.

56. Musées Afrique indigenous Knowledge in South africa . Arts du GabonFang, Kota, Tsogo, Sango, Galoa Aquarelles de Joy Adamson peoples of Kenya . http://www.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html

MUSEES Afrique Afrique du Sud Angola Botswana Burkina Faso ... Zimbabwe ou plusieurs oeuvres majeures. Afrique du Sud Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12 Grahamstown Albany Museum. Natural Sciences and History Museums Somerset Street lu-ve 9-13 / 14-17; sa-di 14-17 Johannesburg MuseuMAfricA Newtown Cultural Precinct Bree Street ma-di 9-17 Histoire culturelle de l'Afrique australe. Peintures rupestres (Museum of South African Rock Art)

57. Spirits and sculptural inventiveness of the cultures indigenous to these series of artworksfrom the Dan peoples of Côte Baga from Guinea and the fang from Equatorial http://www.nmafa.si.edu/exhibits/spirits/intro.htm

MM_preloadImages('images/introH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/wcaH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/konH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/matH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/zomH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/choH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/ngaH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/bidH.gif'); MM_preloadImages('images/retH.gif'); Also at the Smithsonian: Worshiping the Ancestors at the Sackler Gallery looks at the spirits of China. In the Presence of Spirits This exhibition examines an impressive group of over 140 objects that reflect the influences of the supernatural world in both public and private life throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The exhibition is organized according to both geography and the numerous cultural groups represented in the National Museum of Ethnology's collection. In the Presence of Spirits features objects that derive mainly, although not exclusively, from those areas where the Portuguese were present, such as Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau. A group of important artworks from western, central and southern Africa complements this selection. These artifacts demonstrate the rich variety and sculptural inventiveness of the cultures indigenous to these regions and provide insight into many of their spiritual practices. Highlights of the exhibition include figures, decorated stools and chairs, pipes, masks, staffs and dolls used by kings, queens, chiefs, priests, priestesses and diviners to summon spiritual forces. Major themes include an examination of prestige objects and power figures, initiation and funerary rituals, and symbols of spiritual and secular authority.

58. Culture Books For Children Tutu, Joan Baez, Jimmy Carter, and fang Lizhi. Cuba, Bosnia, India, Jamaica, SouthAfrica, Tajikstan and honors the UN Year of the World's indigenous peoples. http://www.saxakali.com/BookStore/saxbscc1.htm

59. Map Of Gabon The fang, who belong to the larger Ewondo or Less numerous peoples include the Bengaand Seke (Sheke policy of limiting the use of indigenous languages solely http://www.arches.uga.edu/~mbrugger/map.html

Gabon straddles the equator on the west coast of Africa. I was posted in the north at Oyem and lived on the campus of a rural development school staffed by UNESCO employees (United Nations) along with Gabonese. I taught one pisciculture course (breeding of fish as a farm product) at the school and spent the majority of my time in the rural villages. Department of State Information Climate People Ethnic and linguistic composition Many of the Bantu languages do not have written forms. During the 19th century Christian missionaries transliterated several of them in the Latin alphabet and prepared Bible translations and catechisms for their followers. But the French policy of limiting the use of indigenous languages solely to religious instruction inhibited the growth of other types of literature. Because of the extensive efforts to teach French, at least one-third of the Gabonese can speak the language, and more than one-quarter can read it. Religion A large majority of Gabon's population is Christian, with about three times as many Roman Catholics as Protestants. Though Gabonese serve as Roman Catholic bishops, they rely heavily upon foreign clergy, particularly the French Holy Ghost Fathers. The largest Protestant body, the Evangelical Church of Gabon, has Gabonese pastors in its parishes throughout the north. There also exist a small but growing Christian Alliance Church in the southwest and the tiny Evangelical Pentecostal Church (Assembly of God) in the estuary and far northern regions. A syncretic religion called Bwiti (based on an earlier secret society of the same name) came into existence in the early 20th century and later played a role in promoting solidarity among the Fang. The majority of the few thousand Muslims are immigrants from other African countries.

60. Africana.com: Gateway To The Black World.Screen Name Service one of the two most common indigenous languages of sub spoken by the Khoikhoi andSan peoples of southern in CongoBrazzaville and Congo-Kinshasa; fang and Bulu http://www.africana.com/Articles/tt_162.htm

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