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         Fante Indigenous Peoples Africa:     more detail

41. Ama, A Story Of The Atlantic Slave Trade: Texts And Sources: Dagomba
for trade in markets on N frontier of fante. themselves as a ruling class on establishedstateless peoples. The indigenous people figure in Dagomba myth as the
http://www.ama.africatoday.com/dagomba_m.htm
DAGOMBA HISTORY, CULTURE, RELIGION, ECONOMY Please click on the bulleted headings to toggle text.
  • Arhin, Kwame, Traditional Rule in Ghana, Past and Present, SEDCO, ISBN 9964 72 033 5 no date.
    • 43 Succession to Dagbon 'skins.' 'Skins' are material symbols of traditional political office in the northern and upper regions, just as stools are symbols of traditional political office in central and southern Ghana. . . The state of Dagbon . . . was basically a union of autonomous states, with the head of one of them elevated above the others as the 'first among equals.' . . . the Na of Yendi was Na of all Nas.
      44 . . . the officials of the Na's court differed from those of ohene's court in being predominantly eunuchs.
    Bowdich, T. E., Mission from Cape Coast to Ashantee 1819 (notes)
    • 177 7 days from Sallagah NE according to the Moors through the Inta town of Zongoo is Yahndi (Yendi) the capital of Dagwumba.
      178 Yahndi is described to be beyond comparison larger than Coomassie, the houses much better built and ornamented. Ashantees lost themselves in the streets. The King Inana Taquanee, has been converted by the Moors, who have settled there in great numbers. The markets at Yahndi are described as animated scenes of commerce, constantly crowded with merchants from almost all countries of the interior. Horses and cattle abound. Yahndi is named after the numeral one, from its pre-eminence.

42. Adherents.com: By Location
Agona, Kwahu, Denkyira, Nzema, Brong, Krobo, and fante. 1998), indigenous beliefs38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24 src Weeks, R. (ed.), Muslim peoples A World
http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_116.html
Adherents.com - Religion by Location
Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Germany, West, poll - say religion fairly important to them
Germany, West, continued...
Group Where Number
of
Adherents % of
total
pop. Number
of
congreg./
churches/
units Number
of
countries Year Source Quote/ Notes poll - say religion not at all important to them Germany, West . Census Bureau, U.S. Dept. of Commerce: Washington, D.C. (Dec. 1977), pg. 555. [Orig. source: American Institute of Public Opinion (Gallup Poll), Religion in America Table: "Importance of Religious Beliefs in Selected Countries: 1975-76 "; Respondents who say their religious beliefs are: (1) Not at all important, (2) Not too important, (3) Fairly important, (4) Very important. poll - say religion not too important to them Germany, West . Census Bureau, U.S. Dept. of Commerce: Washington, D.C. (Dec. 1977), pg. 555. [Orig. source: American Institute of Public Opinion (Gallup Poll), Religion in America Table: "Importance of Religious Beliefs in Selected Countries: 1975-76 "; Respondents who say their religious beliefs are: (1) Not at all important, (2) Not too important, (3) Fairly important, (4) Very important.

43. The African Experience Of God Through The Eyes Of An Akan Woman, By Mercy Amba O
By Mercy Amba, an article in Cross Currents, the journal of the Association for Religion and Intellectual Category Society Religion and Spirituality African Traditional...... which is described as an indigenous system of do the churches respond to peoples'experiences of Water An Autobiography and several fante lyrics, including
http://www.aril.org/african.htm

THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE OF GOD THROUGH THE EYES OF AN AKAN WOMAN
by Mercy Amba Oduyoye
    Africans experience God Nana as the good parent, the grandparent. Some say he is father; others say she is mother. But the sentiment is the same: Nana is the source of loving-kindness and protection. MERCY AMBA ODUYOYE is a widely known African theologian, author of Daughters of Anowa (Orbis, 1995) and with Musimbi Kanyoro The Will to Arise (Orbis, 1995). Her essay appeared first in a special issue on Africa in The Way, the English Jesuit journal of spirituality, Summer 1997.
Writing about Africa is a hazardous enterprise. One needs to draw up many parameters and make explicit the extent of the study. This becomes even more difficult considering the subject in hand. Whose experience of God are we dealing with? What is the extent of the Africa we are talking about? From the Mediterranean to the Cape of Good Hope there have been primal religious experiences of God issuing, for instance, in the building of the pyramids and continuing to undergird the annual festivals celebrated by West Africans. There are Muslims from Cape Verde to the Red Sea and down to Dar and throughout the continent, some of them having roots going to the beginnings of Islam while others are recent converts. The same goes for Christians. Africa also hosts Hindus and Sikhs and Buddhists and many others. We, therefore, want to talk about the experience of God in a multi-religious context.

44. Titles Beginning With A
Algeria Star of North africa (Independentist movement, 1926 0201 marc pasquin; Americanindigenous peoples 2002-09 Asafo company flags (fante people, Ghana) 2000
http://flagspot.net/flags/title-a.html
Titles beginning with a
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45. Titles Beginning With A
Algeria Star of North africa (Independentist movement American indigenous peoples200209-28 antonio martins; Asafo company flags (fante people, Ghana) 2000-09
http://www.fotw.net/flags/title-a.html
Titles beginning with a
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46. Battle Of Adowa - Part1 -netscape
3) the oppressive treatment of the indigenous population by and present herself toher colonial peoples in a nineteenth century the Asante and fante were at
http://www.lincoln.edu/history/his304/ntscp1.htm
Battle of Adowa The invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 is actually preceded by another symbolic event of historical import in the epic memory of Pan-African Nationalism known as the Battle of Adowa  (1896).  This latter event was the armed rejection of imperial Italy’s initial encroachment on Ethiopia.  Italy’s actions, at that time, were reflective of the 1884-85 Berlin Conference, the so-called, “Scramble for Africa” conference.  The conference produced documented commitment to the cooperative pursuit of Africa’s exploitation.  A particular document titled, General Act of the Berlin Conference was addressed to: The Empress of India; The emperors of Germany, Austria, the Russias, the Ottomans; The Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; The kings of Prussia, Bohemia, Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, and Norway; The Grand Duke of Luxembourg; and The presidents of the United States of America, and the French Republic (Annex to Protocol No. 10:  General Act of the Berlin Conference While this conference focused primarily on the “free navigation on the two chief rivers of Africa flowing into the Atlantic Ocean …”  (288) it also addressed the criteria of settling the African coast. Part of a document issued from that conference provides a glaring example of the latter:

47. Inghana.com
formed an organization called The peoples Movement For Thus it was two fante merchantsfrom Cape company is sponsoring this first indigenous regional venture
http://www.inghana.com/links/movers and shakers/Movers and Shakers1.htm
HOME History Music Review Shows/Events Emergency Telephone List Hon. NANA AKUFO-ADDO
Hon. NANA AKUFO-ADDO
The Attorney General Could you give us a brief historical background of your professional career before your appointment as Attorney General?
Ama Atta Aidoo Ama Ata Aidoo (originally Christina Ama Aidoo) was born in 1942 in Abeadzi Kyiakor, in south central Ghana. She grew up in the Fanti royal household. Her father, an advocate of Western education, sent her to the Wesley Girl's High School in Cape Coast from 1961 to 1964. In 1964, she enrolled at the University of Ghana in Legon, where she received a bachelor's degree in English. During her time there, she put on her first play, The Dilemma of a Ghost (1965). The play is about a Ghanaian man, Ato, who returns home from the United States with an African-American wife. He has not consulted his family about the marriage, and the conflict between the two cultures is played out through the characters' interactions. The man himself is torn between his Ghanaian past and his acquired American ideals. The tension between the communal and traditional Ghanaian value system and the individualistic American culture are further played out in the confrontations between Ato's mother and his American wife. At the end of the play, mother and wife reconcile, and thus the dilemma of the title is solved.

48. Titles Beginning With A
dotor; african National Congress (South africa) 200103-09 American indigenous peoples2001-10-24 antonio martins; gross; Asafo company flags (fante people, Ghana
http://www.netlinkit.dk/fotw/flags/title-a.html
Titles beginning with a
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Keywords: web keyword
Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors
Titles beginning with a b c d ... z
Change letter: previous letter next letter

49. South Caroliniana Society 1996
The name Beaty had been indigenous to the Scottish groups, its rich compositionof peoples, origins, and or Fulani, Mandinka, or Mende, fante, Ashanti, and
http://www.sc.edu/library/socar/uscs/1996/addr96.htm
SOUTH CAROLINIANA LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY SOUTH CAROLINIANA SOCIETY Fifty-Nineth Annual Meeting Address
South Carolina as a folk culture
Charles W. Joyner A What is folk culture, and why should we regard it as important? Folk culture may be regarded as what human beings remember not because it is reinforced by the church, the state, the school, or the press, but for no other reason than that it is unforgettable. Our popular culture, while widely known in the short run, is essentially disposable. A popular song rarely lasts more than six weeks on the charts. After that it is a moldie oldie. Popular culture is created for the moment, folk culture—like great art—for the ages. But unlike the creations of a conscious artist, unlike the creations of a William Gilmore Simms or a Julia Peterkin, a Washington Allston or a William Henry Johnson, whose creations embody their individual visions and values, folk culture embodies in its traditional chain of transmission the visions and values of the folk themselves. An old Southern proverb says "You can't tell the depth of a well by the length of the pumphandle." Applied to the study of folk culture, it suggests that, like the shadows cast on the wall of Plato's cave, the most visible things about South Carolina are only tangible reflections of less visible beliefs and attitudes. The most characteristic expressions of our folk culture—the rich humor of our tales, the haunting cadences of our ballads and songs, the beauty of our hand-made baskets and pottery—are significant in themselves. But they also reflect the visions and values by which our people have lived, thus providing an insight into the very essence of South Carolina.

50. Language, Culture And Development
The reedition of Christaller's famous dictionary, called "Dictionary of the Asante and fante Category Science Social Sciences Niger-Kordofanian Akan...... a key factor in providing access to indigenous knowledge and and the communicativepractice of the peoples speaking them English, Twi, Asante, fante Dictionary.
http://www.unizh.ch/spw/afrling/akandic/adetails.htm
Language, culture and development Akan encyclopedic dictionary I. PARTNERSHIPS Coordinating partner institutes Department of Linguistics, University of Ghana at Legon.
Nature of cooperation
Scientific cooperation
under the premises of the Agreement of Cooperation signed in autumn 1996 between the universities Exchanges of persons, data and know-how Consultancy in computer hardware, software, and data management Funding/Cooperating agencies in Switzerland Government of the Canton of Baselstadt (Funds for Development Aid), Switzerland Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Berne Annual grant June 1997-May 1998 Request for renewal for 1998-9 to be submitted
Doctoral field research on "Lexical innovation in Akan" (E. Eichholzer) funded by SDC Cooperating agencies
in Ghana:
The Bureau of Ghana Languages, Accra (Governmental institution for the development and cultural advancement through publication in Ghanaian languages) Cooperating agencies and individuals elsewhere University of Pennsylvania, African Studies Department, Linguistics Data Consortium (LDC, Director: Dr. Mark Liberman) Scanning. Long-term cooperation under negotiation

51. Goldcoast
government signs Bond of 1844 with fante chiefs The bestknown of the indigenous statesof Ghana is Eventually, Asante incorporated non-Akan peoples and kingdoms
http://www.beepworld.de/members18/shika-gold/goldcoast.htm
Zurück Section 1 of 1
Ghana
Preface
This study replaces Ghana: A Country Study , which was completed in 1971 during the second effort to establish republican government in Ghana under Kofi A. Busia. Since then, Ghana has experienced four military governments and a third attempt at representative democracy before the inauguration of the Fourth Republic in January 1993. Since the early 1980s, the dominant developments in Ghana have been the adoption of an economic structural adjustment program backed by international lending agencies and a prolonged transition to a new form of elective government, both presided over by a military government headed by Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings. Rawlings continues to dominate political life, having been elected president in national elections in November 1992, one of the crucial steps in the latest attempt at representative government. This edition of Ghana: A Country Study examines the record of the military government after 1981 and of the first two years of the Fourth Republic, 1992- 94. Subsequent events are discussed in the Introduction. This study is an attempt to treat in a concise and objective manner the dominant historical, social, economic, political, and national security aspects of contemporary Ghana. Sources of information used in preparing this volume include scholarly books, journals, and monographs; official reports of governments and international organizations; Ghanaian newspapers; the authors' previous research and observations; and numerous periodicals. Chapter bibliographies appear at the end of the book; brief comments on some of the more valuable sources recommended for further reading appear at the end of each chapter.

52. Otherlanguage.org's List Of Resources For Linguistic Diversity
of MillyMolly-Mandy translated into fante (Akan) swims and she likes me sayingindigenous peoples will get laughing, says he's lost in africa. I imagine
http://www.otherlanguages.org/languagelist.htm
otherlanguages.org . . . Main links Basque Dutch English Hungarian ... Swedish link to i-mode page non-alphabetic scripts other links endangered languages sign languages ... animal communication language list non-language links
language list
sami
suomi
other links : i ii iii Can you translate the next 300 words into Hindi , or Korean ?; if so, please contact me and there will be rejoicing.
August 31st ; Still sickened by Thursday night's vicious rudeness. Fresh-looking Portuguese-language web diarist aeroplanoeditora who comments on Martin Amis, Sylvia Plath, and seems to read lots of London papers - noted by fellow Brasilian Cora . Wish I could read the Rio press.
Meanwhile, here are some new suitably low-key sound links, also under ' sounds ' on the menu bar. August 30th ; Very weary today. Several people are testing my patience and reasonableness. Here, via the ever-alert Sargasso , is a handy page
August 29th ; The mermaid sweetly recommends some books about learning Portuguese . The richly-stocked compendium hairy eyeball points out an Arabic-alphabet keyboard online at a Farsi dictionary. Isam, does it work on your screen?

53. People Groups Living In The U.S. - Listed By Country Of Origin
table lists some of the ethnic peoples living in the and Akan, of which Twi and fante(aka Fanti In addition, Native American languages indigenous to and still
http://www.ethnicharvest.org/peoples/bycountry.html
Home Search Site Map Bibles ... Search Our Site
DIRECTORY OF COUNTRIES*
The following table lists some of the ethnic peoples living in the United States, with links to additional information if available. This list is alphabetized by Country
See also the list alphabetized by Language COUNTRY LANGUAGE(S) Afghanistan Dari (called Farsi in Iran ) and Pashto (aka Pushto) are the official languages. There are also about one million speakers of Uzbek, one-half million speakers of Turkmen (aka Turkoman), and about one-half million speakers of Brahui Albania Albanian Algeria Arabic , Among Berber languages, Kabyle is predominant. Argentina Spanish , Pampa Armenia Armenian Austria German Azerbaijan Azeri Bahrain Arabic Bangladesh Bengali is predominant, Brahui is spoken by a small minority. Belgium Flemish and French are the official languages. Belorussia Belorussian, Russian Belize Garifuna Bhutan Jonkha is the official language. Nepali is also spoken. Bolivia The official language is Spanish , which is spoken by less than 40 percent of the population. The predominant Indian languages are Quechua, Aymara, and Saramo (aka Itonama; spoken by less than 19 percent of the population). Bosnia Serbo-Croation Brazil Portuguese Brunei Visayak Bulgaria Bulgarian Burkina Faso French is the official language. Mossi (aka More) is the predominant native language. Gurma, Fulani, Dejula, and Tuareg are also spoken.

54. University Of Ghana
study of the origins and evolution of peoples and their is an intensive study of theFante states bordering the rights of minorities and indigenous people, the
http://www.ncsu.edu/studyabroad/places/africa/ghanaclasses.html
Places and Programs University of Ghana
Course Descriptions The University of Ghana currently does not publish course descriptions. Please note that many other courses are available; these descriptions cover only courses recently taken by U.S. students in Ghana. For a complete list of available courses (without description), see the U. of Ghana website or catalog.
  • SPEC 303-Twi
    This is a basic course in Asante Twi for beginners covering the Twi alphabet and sounds; verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, postpositions, and interrogatives; and simple expressions such as greetings, numbers, days of the week, etc. This course is required for all NC State Study Abroad Program participants.
Institute for African Studies
  • AFST 250 Course A6: African Popular Culture: Traditional Festivals and Funeral Ceremonies
    This course examines traditional festivals and funeral ceremonies as two components of African popular culture, paying particular attention to their social conflicts and their social roles in Africa. The course takes a sociological perspective with a focus on Ghanaian societies and with examples drawn from across Africa.
School of Administration
  • ADMN 311 Health Services Management
    This course is designed for students specializing in the study of health services management. It provides an overview of the management of organizations engaged in the delivery of health services, including such topics as the health care delivery system; the management process and managerial roles; resource planning, utilization, and control; problem solving and decision making; human resources; and organizational dynamics and change.

55. Djembe Online
equal in traditions and culture to any peoples anywhere. first to break away werethe fantes (fante is a And indigenous craft and industry is centred mainly in
http://www.djembe.dk/no/15/15asanti.html
Asante spectacle
The Silver Jubilee celebrations of Asantehene Opoku Ware II was opportunity to place the rich culture of the Asante people on view for world acclamation
By N. Adu Kwabena-Essem
The Afro-American who insisted on calling himself Akwasi (Sunday-born) Davis may be pardoned for breaking down in tears at the spectacle that Sunday. After all, back in 1817, when he was confronted by a similar display, English emissary T.E.Bowdich said:
"Our observations taught us to conceive a spectacle exceeding our original expectations; but they had not prepared us for the extent of the display of the scene which here burst upon us; an area nearly a mile in circumference was crowded with magnificence and novelty... The sun reflected, with a glare scarcely more supportable than the heat, from the massy gold ornaments, which glistened in every direction."
Bowdich did not have any ties whatever to the crowds he described. Davis, an African-American, was an emotional participant - he was experiencing directly the customs and traditions which his ancestors knew and shared and from which slavery tore them to become Americans. Akwasi Davis was sharing in the climatic moments of Adae kesie (great Adae) to celebrate the 25 years ascension to the famouos Golden Stool (Sikadwa Kofi) of the Asante kingdom.
Said Davis:
"When you've lived practically all your life fed on the falsehood that the stock from which your spring was, and is, primitive, the emotional shock is devastating when you come to realize that you've been fed hogwash all these years."

56. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo
Akan and GaAdangme peoples of the Gold Coast. The Development of indigenous Tradeand Markets in und Nationale Einstellungen unter den fante, Asante, Dagbamba
http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ghana/gh_bibl.html
BIBLIOGRAPHY Ghana
Chapter 1 Afrifa, Akwasi A. The Ghana Coup . London: Cass, 1966. Agbodeka, Francis. African Politics and British Policy in the Gold Coast, 1868-1900 . Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1971. Alexander, H.T. African Tightrope: My Two Years as Nkrumah's Chief of Staff . New York: Praeger, 1966. Allman, Jean Marie. The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993. Anquandah, James. "The Archaeological Evidence for the Emergence of Akan Civilization," Tarikh [Ibadan], 7, No. 2, 1982, 9-21. Anquandah, James. Rediscovering Ghana's Past . Essex: Longman, 1982. Apter, David E. The Gold Coast in Transition . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955. Reprint. ( Ghana in Transition . 2d rev. ed.) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972. Arhin, Kwame. "The Structure of Greater Ashanti," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 7, No. 1, 1976, 65-85. Austin, Dennis. "Opposition in Ghana, 1947-67," Government and Opposition [London], 2, No. 4, October 1967, 539-55. Austin, Dennis. "Return to Ghana,"

57. WCRD - Christian Audio Resource Directory
churches among the least accessible peoples of the world to advise language teamsand indigenous churches/agencies Ewe (SW Togo, SE Ghana) fante, Akan (Southern
http://missionresources.com/christianaudio.htm
Christian Audio Resource Directory
This resource directory includes Bible, New Testament, scripture portions and music recordings on audio cassettes in many languages. Please send any additions, deletions and recommendations to ken@missionresources.com
Audio Book Evangelism, Verwer-Style
George Verwer, founder of Operation Mobilization, and Spear Books are putting together a new strategy using Digital Content for both evangelism and spiritual nourishment. The vision is to see Audio Books become a major player in influencing people around the world. Information can be found at http://www.spearbooks.com . (Click on "Audio Books".) Missionaries can also register as "Reps" and earn commissions as well.
Audio Copies Of The Bible
Check out http://www.audiotreasure.com , which offers free MP3s of the Bible for download in a variety of languages (including English, Hindi, Tagalog, Urdu, Slovak, Spanish, Mandarin, and Cantonese). You can download them and burn CDs or you can order them from audiotreasure.com

58. Center For Law, Culture, And Social Thought At Northwestern University
the works of Di Donato, Barolini, fante, and Scorsese. and consumption link regionsand peoples in the the construction of African and indigenous identities in
http://www.northwestern.edu/clcst/courses/coursesspring2002.html
Listed below are Northwestern University courses, offered during Spring 2002, of interest to students focusing on issues surrounding Law, Culture, and Social Thought. Spring 2002 African Studies
African American Studies

Anthropology

Art History
...
African Studies 390-0-20: Topics in African Studies: Philosophy and Mystic
Instructor: Souleyname Bachir Diagne African Studies 397-0-20: Seminar in African Studies: Philosophy, Language and Culture in Africa
Instructor: Souleyname Bachir Diagne This course will explore notions of the community and the individual as they appear in discourses about identity in Africa. Students will consider the ethno-philosophical discourse that aims to construct a collective system of thought revealed through ethnological descriptions. The themes of rootedness and unrootedness will be studied in relation with the concept of personality in Leopold Senghor and Kwame Nkrumah. The criticism against this ethno-philosophical approach will be examined. The search for the individual self through language and writing will be studied in philosophical texts as well as novels and films. African American Studies 220-0: The Civil Rights Movement and Beyond: The Civil Rights Movement and Beyond Instructor: Martha Biondi African American Studies 334-0: Gender and Black Masculinity: Gender and Black Masculinity Instructor: Michael G. Hanchard

59. Newsletter On African Old Testament Scholarship
the African ones Hebrew proverbs would have to be explained as indigenous wisdom. (fante). C., Roots of Wisdom The oldest proverbs of Israel and other peoples.
http://www.misjonshs.no/publikasjoner/ot_afr/naots/issue_6.html
Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship
Issue 6 (May 1999)
Paper edition: ISSN 0808-2413 // Online edition: ISSN 1500-7383
Contents: Editorial: Proverbs
A mosadi reading of Prov 31:10-31 (
M. Masenya
Biblical and African wisdom in Proverbs (
...
Research
Proverbs
are generally considered as central expressions of a culture's wisdom and tradition. So is the case in traditional Africa, and so was probably the case also in ancient Israel. The present issue of Newsletter on African Old Testament Scholarship Knut Holter
editor
A Mosadi (Woman) Reading of Proverbs 31:10-31
Madipoane Masenya (ngwana' Mphahlele)
Due to the familiarity of the poem of Proverbs 31:10-31 in my ecclesiastical circles, I got attracted to the text and determined to research on it. My aim was to move away from a literalistic reading (a reading so common in our churches) to a contextual women's liberationist reading of biblical texts. My interest was also motivated by my keen desire to understand what ideal womanhood is from the two contexts: The African/South-African/Northern Sotho context and the Israelite/Jehud biblical context. In the following lines, I will briefly outline some of the findings of my doctoral research. Due to my commitment to a study of my context and noting the insufficiency of Western women's liberationist frameworks (cf. womanism, feminism) to address my context fully, I decided to formulate an approach which could address my unique African/South-African context. I have called this approach, a

60. 02.01.05: Middle Passage: A Journey Of Endurance
informative prelude to the study of African peoples and an as the Akan, the Asante,the fante, the Ga Depending upon the indigenous group to which one belonged
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2002/1/02.01.05.x.html
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home
Middle Passage: A Journey Of Endurance
by
Waltrina Kirkland-Mullins
Contents of Curriculum Unit 02.01.05:
To Guide Entry
When I attended elementary school some 45 years ago, a countless number of classmates and I were led to believe that Black people "miraculously arrived" on American soil via the slave trade, that they had no real culture or civilization. Many students (and their parents) denied being a people of African descent, for it held a negative connotation. Additionally, many of the students questioned why " if all of us were Negro ," did Blackfolk come in such a wide spectrum of colors. Targeted at students in Grades 1 and 2, MIDDLE PASSAGE is modifiable to accommodate students in Grade levels 3 through 5. It can be implemented at any time during the course of the school year. Since, however, December through February marks the beginning of Kwanzaa and African-American Heritage month, the unit serves as an informative prelude to the study of African peoples and an enlightening complement to the Kwanzaa celebration during this time frame. My unit is divided into three sections: Ghana, Pre-Slavery

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