61. Finland -- Primary Documents history of finland Primary Documents. A Selection of Documents on thehistory of finland Swedish rule, Russian rule, since Independence. http://library.byu.edu/~rdh/eurodocs/finland.html

History of Finland: Primary Documents The Prehistory of Finland in a Nutshell (Facsimile images and commentary) Nordmenn i italiensk 1500-talls plansjeverk Norsemen (and -women, including Lapps) as portrayed in 16th-century Italian illustrations. Tre forskningsresor i bilder Photos of Gustaf Hallström (1880-1962) from early 20th century research trips. Cultural history vignettes from northern Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Posted by the university library of Umeå (Sweden). (1907-1926; Photo facsimiles and diary transcriptions). The Gracious Manifesto of the Imperial Majesty The power manifesto of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, removing "local" legislation from the Grand Duchy of Finland. (15 February 1899; English translation) The Act Passed by the State Council and the State Duma Concerning the Procedure to be Complied With Issuing Laws and Decrees of All-Empire Significance for Finland Consolidating Russian control. Also available in French (30 June 1910; English translation) Manifesto Reinstating the Finnish Constitution Signed by Russian officials following the abdication of Nicholas II. Also available in Russian (20 March 1917; English translation)

62. Scandinavian Studies Web: History A Selection of Documents on the history of finland Including Swedish rule, Russianrule and independence. A Web history of finland By Pasi Kuoppamäki. http://library.byu.edu/~rdh/wess/scan/hist.html

Scandinavian Studies Web: History Denmark Finland Iceland Norway ... Sweden Denmark Documents, Data Files, Primary Literature Danish primary historical documents on EuroDocs Documents are either transcriptions, translations, or facsimile copies of originals. Historiography, Commentary, Secondary Literature Danske konger... og deres historie Biographical synopses of Danish kings, 1448 - 1863. Reference Works, Gateways, Tertiary Literature DANDOK Database of Danish research in progress and published research. A Chronology of Danish History Plus links to other historical and cultural information. Yahoo! Danmark Historie Danish Yahoo! history site. Libraries, Archives, Collections Det kongelige bibliotek The Danish national library. Historisk samling for Besættelsestiden 1940-1945 Collection of materials from the time of German occupation, 1940-1945. Societies, Academic Centers, Organizations Museer, gallerier og kulturcentre Danish historical museums, galleries and cultural centers. Finland Documents, Data Files, Primary Literature Finnish primary historical documents on EuroDocs Documents are either transcriptions, translations, or facsimile copies of originals.

63. EDUCATION & SPORTS: History On The Seabed Illustrated feature from Welcome to finland on marine archaeology in the Baltic sea.Category Science Social Sciences Archaeology Topics Underwater...... The Vikings' eastward expeditions took them through the Gulf of finland and on toLake fringing the Finnish coast contain so many relics of history waiting for http://www.publiscan.fi/sc01e-8.htm

History on the Seabed W ater covers more than two-thirds of the surface of our planet. The Baltic with all its bays and inlets is only a small drop in that ocean, but for marine archaeologists and divers it is a fascinating and rewarding place. Systematic exploration of the treasures that it holds is only now beginning as new methods are adopted. Finnish researchers cannot hide their enthusiasm. Most of the oceans are kilometres deep, with some trenches in the Pacific plunging to depths in excess of ten thousand metres. The Baltic, by contrast, has an average depth of only 55 metres. In fact, it is one of the smallest, shallowest, most island-dotted and shoaliest seas in the world. For as long as the seas have been sailed, hundreds of vessels that have strayed off course or lost their battles with storms have ended up at the bottom of the Baltic, especially in its countless bays and inlets. Floor plates believed to have belonged to a Viking ship have been found in the Gulf of Finland. As research methods become more systematic, much more is likely to be uncovered. The Roman historian Tacitus reported nearly two millennia ago that the Germans obtained the furs they valued so highly "from beyond the unknown sea", i.e. the Baltic. The Vikings' eastward expeditions took them through the Gulf of Finland and on to Lake Ladoga. Over the centuries, fierce sea battles have been fought for control of that vital trade artery the Baltic. One indication of its continuing importance is that bristles with air and naval bases. Small wonder, therefore, that the waters of the

64. History Finland finland. finland history. finland history on the Seabed - history on theSeabed W ater covers more than two-thirds of the surface of our planet. http://www.kasbah.com/vitalstats/culture_and_history/history/finland_finland_1.h

var c = "c2"; Home Travel Guide Flights Cars ... Adventure Tours USA users click here for the best deals Finland Finland : history You are here: Finland Your search for history returned results FINLAND - LAPPEENRANTA - Tourist Information - History - Business - Library Lappeenranta Puhelinvaihde: 05 - 6161 Palaute email: etunimi.sukunimi@lappeenranta.fi link status good FINLAND - History on the Seabed History on the Seabed W ater covers more than two-thirds of the surface of our planet. The Baltic with all its bays and inlets is only a small drop in that ocean, but for marine archaeologists an... link status good FINLAND - The History of Finnish Coffee Coffee comes statistically second in the World trade immediately after oil. It is also important in Finland: though the quantity of inhabitants is only one per mil of the population of the world, t... link status good FINLAND - KAUNIAINEN - Facts and History link status good FINLAND - The Sámi - Culture, Mythology,History - Links

65. World66.com's Travel Guide To Finland finland history. 1 ). At the beginning of its recorded history in the eleventhcentury AD finland was conquered by its powerful neighbor Sweden. http://www.world66.com/Page.Asp?Loc=59&Sec=642

66. :: Regions >FINLAND> History :: UEP-Phoniatrics Translate this page finland. Aatto Sonninen, Jyväskylä. Taken from Gutzmann-Festschrift,Berlin 1980, cf additional article on “Scandinavian Voice http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~hno/uep/Continents/europe/finland/

Finland Taken from Gutzmann-Festschrift, Berlin 1980, by the same author from 1996 under Finland, Special topics Acusis Phonia Arthria Phasia und Lalia

67. Finland.org theSwedish language in finland. Main Outlines of Finnish history finlandas a Grand Duchy of Russia (18091917). When Sweden lost its http://www.finland.org/histeng.html

Written for the Ministry for Foreign Affairs by Prof. Seppo Zetterberg, University of Helsinki The views expressed in the article are solely the responsibility of the author The Swedish reign Finland as a Grand Duchy of Russia (1809 - 1917) The independent republic The Swedish reign Until the middle of the 12th century, the geographical area thatis now Finland was a political vacuum, and interesting to bothits western neighbour Sweden and the Catholic Church there, andits eastern neighbour Novgorod ( Russia) and its Greek OrthodoxChurch. Sweden came out on top, as the peace treaty of 1323 betweenSweden and Novgorod assigned only eastern Finland to Novgorod.The western and southern parts of Finland were tied to Swedenand the Western European cultural sphere, while eastern Finland,i.e. Karelia, became part of the Russo-Byzantine world. As a consequence of Swedish domination, the Swedish legal and socialsystems took root in Finland. Feudalism was not part of this systemand the Finnish peasants were never serfs; they always retainedtheir personal freedom. Finland's most important centre was thetown of Turku , founded in the middle of the 13th century. It wasalso the Bishop's seat. In 1362, Finns were given the right tosend representatives to the election of the king in Sweden, andin the 16th century this right was extended to include representationin the Swedish Diet.

68. World Travel Guide - Finland - History & Government World Travel Guide finland - history Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/fin/fin580.htm

Travel Information Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Maps Regions and Cities Introduction - Overview Helsinki Finnish Archipelago and Åland Islands Finnish Lakeland ... Finland History and Government History: In recent years, the main change in the political landscape has been caused by the emergence of the right-wing National Coalition Party (Kokoomus, referred to as 'Kok'). Finland's long-serving president, Mauno Koivisto, the architect of its delicate balancing act between East and West, stood down in 1993 after two terms. He was replaced by the SDP candidate, the former senior UN official Martti Ahtisaari. The SDP also dominated the coalition government by virtue of controlling the largest bloc of seats in the Eduskunta following the general election of March 1995. April 1995 saw a new coalition government, with Paavo Lipponen, the leader of the SDP, appointed Prime Minister. The most recent poll, in March 1999, once again returned the Social Democrat-led coalition which Lipponen continues to lead. At the beginning of 1999, Finland assumed the EU presidency for the first time and during its six-month term exercised an important (though often unnoticed) influence over events in the Balkans and relations with Russia. At the beginning of 2000, Finns once again went to the polls to elect a president. After a closely fought campaign, the victor was SDP candidate Tarja Halonen, who became the first woman to hold the office. Government: The constitution allows for a President, who is head of state, and a single-chamber Assembly. The President is elected by direct popular vote for a term of six years, while the 200-strong Parliament is elected every four years.

69. History Of Epilepsy Treatment In Finland. History Of Neurology Julkaisu. Reference. Sivenius J. history of epilepsy treatment inFinland. history of neurology. Cogito 198912123 Julkaisutiedot. http://www.uku.fi/wwwdata/julkaisutoiminta/julkaisut/1989/8900623.html

Julkaisu Reference Sivenius J. History of epilepsy treatment in Finland. History of neurology. Cogito 1989:1:21-23 Julkaisutiedot Julkaisutyyppi: Alkuperäisartikkeli. Kansainvälinen. Publication data Publication type: Original scientific article. International. Tekijät Contributors Kuopion yliopisto Neurologian klinikka University of Kuopio Department of Neurology ... Publications Data Base

70. A BRIEF HISTORY OF FINLAND A concise and enormously popular translated into twenty languages- account of finland's history, particularly since independence. http://www.scandinavia-connection.co.uk/page52.html

A Brief History of Finland. A BRIEF HISTORY OF FINLAND by M. Klinge A Brief History of Finland 173 pp Softcover 19 x 11.5 cms ISBN 9511147897 To order, make a note of title and price: then request ORDER FORM NEXT FINLAND TITLE PREVIOUS FINLAND TITLE ScandinaviaBooks HomePage ... on Iceland

71. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Finland. finland Explore The history and Culture of finland to its depth.finland's traces of human settlement date back to the thaw of http://www.1uptravel.com/international/europe/finland/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Europe Finland ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History Finland's traces of human settlement date back to the thaw of the last Ice Age some 10,000 years ago. The Finns' ancestors seem to have dominated half of northern Russia before arriving on the north of the Baltic coast well before the Christian era. By the end of the Viking Age, Swedish traders and chieftains had extended their interests throughout the Baltic region. Over the centuries, Finland has sat precariously between the Protestant Swedish empire and Eastern Orthodox Russia. For seven centuries, from the 12th century until 1809, it was part of Sweden. Finland was blighted by constant battles with Russia, and severe famines. From 1696-97, famine killed a third of all Finns. The 1700s were punctuated by bitter wars against Russia, culminating in the eventual loss of Finland to Russia in 1809.

72. Stunts Finland - History A short professional history I was born in Jyväskylä, finland onDecember 5th, 1971. Since I was a little boy, my biggest dream http://www.kolumbus.fi/stuntsfinland/history.html

A short professional history Since I was a little boy, my biggest dream was always to become a stuntman for movies. I spent my teenage years studying the profession, practicing and gathering information. A video camera and drawing equipment were important when learning the profession, because I have always been interested in awakening emotional reactions with visual storytelling, in action, drama as well as comedy. With that project, I moved to the capital area in Finland and started my career as a professional stunt coordinator. Since then, I have coordinated and performed stunt scenes for the following movies: The Tough Ones, Tommy and the Wildcat, Return to Plainfields and Kites over Helsinki. In the TV field, I have worked in the following series: Trabant Express, High Voltage and Secret Lives. My biggest foreign project at the moment is the North European joint production "I am Dina". You can get my up-to-date CV by clicking here Before starting work as a professional stunt coordinator, I adopted a principle I have never strayed from: no film shot is worth more than somebody's life or health. Thanks to this principle and appropriate work methods, I have not suffered any accidents so far, but the principle has never affected the feel or appearance of my stunt scenes either.

73. The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Finland Jewish history effectively began in the first half of the 19th century when Jewishsoldiers (socalled cantonists), who served in the Russian Army in finland, http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/vjw/Finland.html

The Virtual Jewish History Tour Finland Prehistory of the Community The territory which is now Finland was for more than half a millenniumuntil 1809part of the Swedish Kingdom. Under Swedish law, Jews of that period were allowed to settle only in three major towns in the Kingdom, none of them being situated in the territory of Finland. In 1809, as a consequence of the defeat of Sweden in the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-9, part of the Napoleonic Wars, Sweden lost control of Finland and an autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland was established within the Russian Empire. The Swedish constitution and legal system was, however, maintained in the Grand Duchy, and the prohibition on Jewish settlement in Finland thus continued. Arrival of Jews in the Czar's Army Finnish Jewish history effectively began in the first half of the 19th century when Jewish soldiers (so-called cantonists), who served in the Russian Army in Finland, were permitted to stay in Finland by the Russian military authorities following the soldiers' discharge. Subsequently, the

74. Comparative Religion In Finland: A Brief Survey Of Its Past And Present theology'. The roots of comparative religion in finland thus lie scatteredin the history of various scholarly fields of study. Of http://www.utu.fi/hum/uskontotiede/history.html

University of Turku Department of Cultural Studies Veikko Anttonen Ph.D., Chair and Professor of Comparative Religion Department of Cultural Studies University of Turku, Finland Comparative Religion in Finland: a brief survey of its past and present 1. History But more than Holmberg-Harva it was his teacher, Edward Westermarck, who broadened the scope of research and placed it on an international basis. Westermarck imported British evolutionary anthropology, sociology and to a certain extent also social psychology into the Finnish academic world. Westermarck's interest in comparative religion ranged from the ethnography of the Berber folk religion (Ritual and Belief in Morocco 1926) to the evolutionary study of human marriage and moral ideas (The History of Human Marriage 1891; The Origin and Development of Moral Ideas 1906- 1908; Christianity and Morals 1939). 2. Pathfinders

75. European Food Authority 1155, The first missionaries arrive in finland from Sweden. finland becomespart of the Swedish realm. 1809, Sweden surrenders finland to Russia. http://www.efahelsinki.fi/finland/history.html

The first missionaries arrive in Finland from Sweden. Finland becomes part of the Swedish realm. Sweden surrenders Finland to Russia. The Czar declares Finland a semi-autonomous Grand Duchy with himself as constitutional monarch represented by a governor general. Finland declares independence from Russia on December 6. The constitution is adopted and Finland becomes a republic with a president as head of state. The Soviet Union attacks Finland and the Winter War is fought. Fighting between Finnish and Soviet forces resumes in the Continuation War. Some territory is ceded to the Soviet Union but Finland is never occupied and preserves its independence and sovereignty Finland joins the United Nations and in 1956 the Nordic Council. Finland becomes a member of the European Union. Updated webmaster@mmm.fi Finland in Brief The people Languages ... Finally, food

76. History Of The Finnish Sauna And The Nordic Bath world's sauna sales are in finland. But when the world market began demanding saunas,the Finnish industry was illprepared. During their history of isolation http://www.cyberbohemia.com/Pages/historyofnordic.htm

Site Content Search All about digital imaging Favorite Project ... Return to main Sweat page MEDITERRANEAN BATHS Visiting the modern Hammam in Ankara and lstanbul Early Greek and Roman Batths Mass Bathing in the Balnea and Thermae The Islamic Hammam is Born ... Private Sweat Bathing Cubicles FINNISH SAUNA A Visit in the Dead of Winter History of the Nordic Bath Sauna in Europe Sauna in Japan Sauna in America NATIVE AMERICAN SWEAT LODGE Joining Running Foot in a Navajo Sweat Lodge A Guest at an Oglala Sun Dance Ceremony History of Sweat Lodges ... The Sweat Lodge Joins the Modern World RUSSIAN BANIA A Boisterous Bath in Leningrad History of the Great Russian Bath Bannik, the Spirit of the Bania The Birth Bania ... BUILD YOUR OWN F INNISH SAUNA History of the Nordic Bath A foreigner's view of the Finns savusauna in 1799. Giuseppe Acerbi, the Italian traveler, is shown peering in on the left. From Sweat The Finns go back thousands of years to central Asia when nomadic tribes began their migration eastward and northward, to populate southwestern Russia, Slovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Estonia, and finally Suomi, as they call their land. ORIGIN OF THE SAUNA When BC met AD the itinerant Finns were establishing fur trade with Central Europe and gave up their wandering ways. As their numbers increased, they moved inland, turning to the soil for sustenance. Anthropologists know little about the Finns before the Middle Ages; therefore, the origin of the sauna is in question. Have they always had some form of sweat bath? Were they the progenitors of sweat bathing across Europe and Asia? Did they share the idea with American Indians before they crossed the Bering Straits?

77. The Comenius Project A VERY SHORT POLITICAL history OF finland. The first inhabitants started to arrivefrom the south to finland’s present territory after Ice Age approx. http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/jarnef/comenius/history.htm

A VERY SHORT POLITICAL HISTORY OF FINLAND Sweden East and West has always been a difficult thing for Finland.) The power of the Swedish kingdom started collapse gradually. In 1809 Finland was forced to join the Russian Empire after the lost war. As an economically and politically more advanced area than Russia, Finland was given an autonomous (almost independent) status in this new union. Independence was gained in 1917 when the Russian Empire collapsed and Lenin took power. In the Second World War Finland was attacked by the Soviet Union. The Russians led by dictator Stalin were not able to occupy Finland in the wars 1939-1944 because the Finns defended themselves bravely. Finland was honourably able to maintain its independence, market economy and democracy. Some territories were lost though, -mainly in the south-eastern region (Karelia). In the cold war years Finland stayed neutral between the superpowers and their allies. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold war, Finland was able to become a member of the European Union in 1995.

78. HISTORY OF RELATIONS Missionaries in Northern Namibia (that time South West Africa) formed a good foundationfor continued friendly and close relations between finland and Namibia. http://www.mac.com.na/finland/history.html

1. OLUKONDA Historical Finnish involvement in Namibia Tour to Olukonda National Monument First students graduated from the Oniipa Teachers Training Seminar in 1916. (left) Natanael Amukugo, Filippus Uusiku, Sakeus Iihuhua and Gideon Iitula. In 1970 seminar moved from Oniipa to new Ongwediva Teachers Training College. 2. POLITICAL RELATIONS The longstanding work since 1870 by the Finnish Missionaries in Northern Namibia (that time South West Africa) formed a good foundation for continued friendly and close relations between Finland and Namibia. Internationally Finland was supporting the independence of colonies and fight against apartheid. Consequently Finland was active within the United Nations in Namibia question pursuing the approval of the core resolutions and actions like the Advisory Opinion by the International Court of Justice in 1971. Finland was from 1974 a member of the Council for Namibia and an initiator for the Namibian Nationhood Programme that was approved in the UN General Assembly in 1976. Finland provided humanitarian and development aid to Namibia from 1974 onwards, in the form of support through the UN, humanitarian assistance to SWAPO and assistance through Finnish NGOs. Already in 1976 the Government of Finland decided that after independence, Namibia would become one of the main recipients of Finnish Development cooperation.

79. The Actuarial Society Of Finland -- The Statutes A Short history of the Actuarial Society of finland. During the firstyears of finland's independence, at the end of the 1910s and http://www.actuary.fi/engl/histor2.htm

The Actuarial Society of Finland The Society Statutes History Activities Code of Conduct Publications The Foundation for ... Links A Short History of the Actuarial Society of Finland During the first years of Finland's independence, at the end of the 1910s and in the beginning of the 1920s, Finnish insurance business was modernised and issues on the business were discussed. Three contemporary insurance companies, Kaleva, Suomi and Salama, were co-operating and exchanging opinions. There was a need to establish firmer co-operation in Finland. Experts of insurance techniques decided to found an actuarial society in Finland. This short review on the history of the Actuarial Society of Finland is based on the book Vakuutusmatematiikkaa Suomessa 1922-1992 (Insurance mathematics in Finland 1922-1992) by Dr. Arvo Junnila which is published by the Actuarial Society of Finland. The book presents a thorough review on the development of the field and on the tasks of actuaries. It was stated in the constitution of the society that the purpose of the Society was to offer its members an opportunity to discuss scientific matters related to insurance, to give statements, if needed, on insurance and relevant issues, and to promote the professional skills of actuaries. The content of the current constitution is essentially the same as the principles of the original constitution.

80. The World Art Group Specializing In Art, Travel, And History Welcome! LOGIN PASSWORD Home Browse Books + Greece, Art - Architecture - history- Museum Guides - Travel. + Turkey. + Iran. + finland. + Bulgaria. + Other http://www.worldartgroup.com/cgi-bin/wag455/scan/st=sql/tf=title/ml=15/sf=keywor

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 4     61-80 of 185    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | Next 20