81. EUROPA - Research - Energy - Non-Nuclear Energy - Research Topics - Fuel Cells - In the medium to long term, fuel cells have a strong energy saving potentialfor decentralised cogeneration in households and buildings and for power http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/nn/nn_rt_fc2_en.html

en document.write(''); document.write('English'); document.write(''); Europa European Commission Energy Research Non-Nuclear Energy ... Research Topics Key Advantages of FC technology What are fuel cells? What are the key advantages of fuel cells? (Current page) Why is research and development needed for fuel cells? Research and development topics Selected fuel cell projects What are the key advantages of fuel cells? A fuel cell is energy efficient and emits few pollutants. Its additional intrinsic advantages are the quiet operation of electro-chemical energy conversion and the lack of moving/wearing parts. Its flexibility to vary the capacity or to use different fuel makes it very versatile and to develop a wide range of modular systems. These can be adapted to a variety of markets. The fuel cell's efficiency, versatility, multi-fuel capability and modular structure make it uniquely suited for use in a wide variety of stationary, vehicular and portable energy/power applications. Fuel cell cars using hydrogen as a fuel only emit water vapour - they do not emit pollutants Those using other fuels produce near-zero emissions.

82. Understanding Energy fuel cells offer the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and emissions acrucial link in generating power from various forms of renewable energy. http://www.understanding-energy.com/fuelcells/

An energy site brought to you by ExxonMobil How Fuel Cells Work The same technology that has provided electricity for spacecraft since the 1960s could someday run your family car. Experimental models of fuel cell vehicles are already on the road, and compared with today's vehicles, they have the potential to be twice as fuel-efficient and to meet even the most stringent air-quality standards. To drivers, fuel cell vehicles will look like any others except under the hood. Fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen in a chemical reaction to make heat, water and electricity. Until recently, hydrogen fuel cells were too expensive to use outside the space program. Then in the 1990s, scientists found ways to make them much cheaper. Now the cost for a stack of fuel cells powerful enough to run a car is approaching that of a high-quality automotive engine. A fuel cell vehicle is an electric car, except that it does not have a bank of batteries to recharge every 100 miles or so. Instead, fuel cells generate enough electricity to power the car as it is being driven.

83. Energy: Fuel Cells Explained energy fuel cells explained How fuel cells generate electricityfrom hydrogen and oxygen. By Alan Zeichik From July 2000 issue. http://www.redherring.com/mag/issue80/mag-fuel-80.html

MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_home_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_tech_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_vc_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_investor_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_archive_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_conferences_on.gif') Gainers Millennium Pharm Advanced Micro Devices Tpsa Telekom Polska Decliners Silverline Technologies Orascom Telecom Holding Net One Systems Co Energy: fuel cells explained How fuel cells generate electricity from hydrogen and oxygen. By Alan Zeichik From July 2000 issue Back in grade school, you probably learned that hydrogen plus oxygen equals water. But there's a lot more to reap from those molecules than merely water. It just so happens that combining both molecules can also equal...electricity. That is the premise behind fuel cells. And one day they may replace fossil fuel-burning internal combustion engines in automobiles. Before diving into the electricity-generating aspects of the fuel-cell process, let's talk about the first equation: how hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms combine to form water. We're all aware that atoms are the building blocks of matter. There are many atomic elements, however, and they all contain two basic components: subatomic particles and a cloud of electrons. Subatomic particles are a tightly packed cluster of protons that form the atom's nucleus and give the atom its identity, and the cloud of electrons buzzes around the nucleus like a swarm of bees. Most atoms also have a second type of subatomic particle in the atomic nucleus, called a neutron. But since neutrons don't play a role in the formation of molecules or in the generation of electricity, we'll just ignore them.

84. Fuel Cells as fossil fuelburning engines, and are longer lasting than batteries.It's no wonder fuel cells are an appealing energy source. http://www.redherring.com/mag/issue103/1990020199.html

MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_home_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_tech_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_vc_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_investor_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_archive_on.gif') MM_preloadImages('/images/nav_images/nav_conferences_on.gif') Gainers Millennium Pharm Advanced Micro Devices Tpsa Telekom Polska Decliners Silverline Technologies Orascom Telecom Holding Net One Systems Co Fuel cells Powering the imagination. By Bridget Eklund September 24, 2001 This article is from the September 1, 2001, issue of Red Herring magazine. Despite fuel cells being hailed as the next hot ticket for energy, these power generators are far from being the "new new thing." In fact, they have a lineage that predates the Civil War. But it wasn't until the 1960s, when the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration pioneered the first application of fuel cells for powering spaceships, that the technology became known to the general public. Having gained consumer confidence after decades of broken promises, there's clear evidence that fuel cells are here to stay. "There's a market for them now," says Jerry Leitman, CEO of Connecticut-based

85. Developers Of Fuel Cells for Solar energy Hydrogen Research, Ulm, GERMANY (PEM, MCFC and SOFC). Ztek Corporation,California, USA (SOFC and Hydrogen Reformers). To Return to fuel cells http://www.fuelcells.org/fcdevel.htm

Home Latest News FAQ's Transportation ... Site Map The Online Fuel Cell Information Center The U.S. Fuel Cell Industry Click on the state to get a listing of fuel cell related companies, organizations, government agencies, and universities located within. For more detailed information about the worldwide fuel cell industry, Fuel Cells 2000 offers the Fuel Cell Directory , a directory of nearly 1000 fuel cell related companies and organizations featuring contact names, addresses, phone numbers, web sites, email addresses, and company descriptions. You can also scroll down for a listing of some fuel cell companies around the world. Developers of Fuel Cells (Worldwide) The following businesses, institutes and organizations are involved in development of fuel cell stacks with links to web sites and note of technology type. Acumentrics Corporation , Massachusetts, USA (SOFC) Advanced Measurements Inc.

86. Alternative Energy -- UEE Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Energy Exchange energy Matters is a businessto-business trading community hub for raw material commodityexchanges in fuel cells Hydrogen energy and other similar kinds of http://www.thinkenergy.com/a/em3080.html

Energy Matters Main Menu Alternative Energy Index Free BUY/SELL/TRADE Listings in Exchange Index Add a Free Listing: Wanted or Available View Listings: [ No Current Listings ] CLICK HERE TO SEND INQUIRIES (student inquiries welcome) Email Forum FREE SERVICE CLICK HERE TO JOIN FORUM ( you must have a valid email address to participate in the email forum ) AeroVironment Inc. Ballard Power Systems Energia Solar San Juan Energy 2000, Inc. ... Tisec Inc. Remember! Say you saw it in Energy Matters. Tell a friend about this page! Main Index Trade Directory ... Universal Energy Exchange Free Buy / Sell / Trade Association Directory Publication Directory ThinkEnergy Marketing Services Email FeedBack File No: 9544 Last modified Monday, 07-Apr-2003 01:44:48 EDT

87. 2.65s: Fuel Cells And Batteries: Electrochemical Energy Conversion And Storage Information about MIT Summer Professional Programs 2.65s, fuel Cellsand Batteries Electrochemical energy Conversion and Storage. http://web.mit.edu/professional/summer/courses/engineering/2.65s.html

Fuel Cells and Batteries: Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Home Summer Programs: Biology/Health Computers Engineering Management/Planning Information: Policies Hotels Application Brochures ... How to Contact Us Course: Date: August 4 - 8, 2003 Tuition: Background Electrochemical energy conversion and storage are well known technologies that are finding ever increasing applications in both stationary systems and portable devices. The most common embodiments of these technologies are fuel cells and batteries, which are rapidly becoming the energy sources of choice because they represent efficient, vibration free, noiseless, environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional energy sources such as internal combustion engines and other heat engines that must rely upon fossil fuel energy conversion technology. This program presents, in systematic form, the fundamental principles of batteries and fuel cells, and the-state-of-the-art design and performance of various battery and fuel cell technologies. It examines in detail the limits imposed on these technologies by the relevant physics of the unit processes, especially those limits imposed by materials used in the construction of the batteries and fuel cells that exploit these processes. Moreover, the program aims to stimulate discussions and promote exchanges among participants in various disciplines of science and engineering to advance the research and development of batteries and fuel cells. Special attention will also be given to economic and environmental issues.

88. Fuel Cells Ceramic fuel cells Limited (CFCL) is a solepurpose the development of Solid Oxidefuel Cell (SOFC Dais-Analytic Corporation (DAC) An energy technology company http://power.about.com/cs/fuelcells/

zfp=-1 About Power/Energy Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Power/Energy with Andre Titarenko Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Chat ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Iraq Oil Furnace Oil Alaska Oil ... All articles on this topic Business Directory Alternative Energy B2B Markets Coal Electric Power Utilities ... Waste Management Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Fuel Cells Guide picks An introductory page to fuel cell technologies, manufacturers, distributors and to the fuel cell research. Reference: Fuel Cell Investor Best of the Net An extensive collection of links on fuel cell technologies, manufacturers, distributors and on the fuel cell research. B2B: Fuel Cell Today Fuel cell commercialization and B2B portal with rich news and reference sections. Reference: Allied Business Intelligence An excellent resource to order the in-depth studies in many areas, including fuel cells technologies. Technology: Types of the Fuel Cells An excellent professional reference chart from the FuelCell Investor, also includes applications. Technology: An Introduction to Fuel Cells A brief introductory description of the fuel cells from the Third Orbit Power Systems Inc., that operates in this area.

89. Purchase Fuel Cells Via This Web Site. We have the answers to your electrochemical questions., Bid online for wind energyjobs here., We can help make sense of fuel cells., argentenergy is engaged http://www.1strochdalenyc.org/24-fuel-cells.asp

90. BPA EE | Technologies | Power For The Future fuel cells. fuel Cell Applications. fuel Cell Links. Methanol Facts. fuel Cell Partnership(in BPA EE Projects and Programs). Technology is increasing our energy http://www.bpa.gov/Energy/N/tech/fuel_cell/index.shtml

Fuel Cells: Power for the Future Energy Web: A New Kind of Network Metering: Metering Data: Solar Schools and Other Metering Data Fuel Cells: Power for the Future The Fuel Cell System PEM Fuel Cells Fuel Cell Applications Fuel Cell Links ... Fuel Cell Partnership (in BPA EE Projects and Programs) Technology is increasing our energy needs, but it is also showing us new ways to generate power more efficiently with less impact on the environment. One of the most promising options for supplementing future power supplies is the fuel cell. A fuel cell is essentially a battery with an external fuel source. It creates electricity by stripping electrons from the hydrogen extracted from natural gas, propane, and other common fuels. Like a battery, it contains a set of plates that create an electrochemical reaction. Unlike a battery, it never runs down - it produces a continuous flow of clean power as long as fuel is supplied. Fuel cell power generation is clean, efficient, and reliable. Fuel cells have no moving parts, so they don't make much noise, break down, or quickly wear out. Generating electricity through an electro-chemical reaction, the only byproducts from a fuel cell system are heat, water, and a small amount of carbon dioxide (C02). When heat from the generating process is used to heat household water, fuel cell systems can be over 80 percent fuel efficient, compared to 30 percent efficiency for engine-based generators. A system the size of a washing machine can power a 2,000 square foot house.

91. Gyre.org : Energy : Fuel Cells energy fuel cells. Next 10 Articles Random 10 Articles Viewing articles1 through 10 of 16 in the category energy and the subtopic fuel cells http://www.gyre.org/news/related/Energy/Fuel Cells

search Animal Machine Interface Artificial Life Asteroid Defense Biological Warfare ... Virtual Reality ENERGY : FUEL CELLS News Resources Bibliography Next 10 Articles Random 10 Articles Viewing articles through of in the category: Energy and the subtopic: Fuel Cells How Hydrogen Can Save America Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall Wired Magazine April 01, 2003 Comments Wired magazine feature article on a five-step plan to convert the U.S. to a hydrogen fuel economy and the benefits from doing so. Explore Related: Category Energy Keywords Fuel Cells Hydrogen For Far Smaller Fuel Cells, a Far Shorter Wait Barnaby J. Feder ... New York Times March 16, 2003 Comments Society may have to wait 20 years, if not longer, for cars powered by fuel cells to become a familiar sight. But much smaller forms of fuel cell technology may well power electronic devices like laptop computers, video cameras and cellphones by the end of this decade. Explore Related: Category Energy Keywords Fuel Cells These Fuelish Things Staff Economist February 13, 2003 Comments The Economist cautions that because hydrogen requires significant amounts of energy to extract in its pure form, the hype over hydrogen fuel-cells is premature.

92. Eco-Portal: Climate/Renewable Energy/Fuel Cells And Hydrogen Home Climate Renewable energy fuel cells and Hydrogen. More search optionsonly this Climate category entire Climate section entire EcoPortal site. Links http://www.eco-portal.com/Climate/Renewable_Energy/Fuel_Cells_and_Hydrogen/welco

Home Climate Renewable Energy : Fuel Cells and Hydrogen More search options only this Climate category entire Climate section entire Eco-Portal site Links: American Hydrogen Association - stimulating interest and helping establish the renewable hydrogen energy economy; promoting hydrogen technology, and helping create a marketplace for pollution-free hydrogen energy (Added: Wed May 23 2001 Hits: 85 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It California Fuel Cell Partnership - a unique collaboration of auto manufacturers, energy and fuel cell technology companies, and government agencies advancing fuel cells as a practical new vehicle technology (Added: Mon May 13 2002 Hits: 36 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It California Fuel Cell Partnership Driving the Future - advancing a new automobile technology that could move the world toward practical and affordable environmental solutions (Added: Thu May 24 2001 Hits: 94 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Fuel Cell Today - a comprehensive source for those interested in commercialisation of fuel cells; with free news, in depth articles, investment info, educational resources and industry directories (Added: Thu Jun 27 2002 Hits: 68 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 2)

93. Eco-Portal: Air/Renewable Energy/Fuel Cells And Hydrogen EcoPortal - The Environmental Sustainability.Info Source. Home Air Renewable energy fuel cells and Hydrogen. the entire directory http://www.eco-portal.com/Air/Renewable_Energy/Fuel_Cells_and_Hydrogen/welcome.a

Eco-Portal - The Environmental Sustainability.Info Source Home Air Renewable Energy : Fuel Cells and Hydrogen the entire directory only this category More search options Links: American Hydrogen Association - stimulating interest and helping establish the renewable hydrogen energy economy; promoting hydrogen technology, and helping create a marketplace for pollution-free hydrogen energy (Added: Wed May 23 2001 Hits: 85 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It California Fuel Cell Partnership - a unique collaboration of auto manufacturers, energy and fuel cell technology companies, and government agencies advancing fuel cells as a practical new vehicle technology (Added: Mon May 13 2002 Hits: 36 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It California Fuel Cell Partnership Driving the Future - advancing a new automobile technology that could move the world toward practical and affordable environmental solutions (Added: Thu May 24 2001 Hits: 94 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Fuel Cell Today - a comprehensive source for those interested in commercialisation of fuel cells; with free news, in depth articles, investment info, educational resources and industry directories (Added: Thu Jun 27 2002 Hits: 68 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 2)

94. Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Letter This monthly publication is the voice of the international hydrogen and fuel cell communities, Category Science Technology energy Hydrogen...... EDITOR'S MEMO My publisher, MIT Press, advises that copies of my new book, Tomorrow'senergy Hydrogen, fuel cells, and the Prospects for a Cleaner Planet http://www.hfcletter.com/

ISSN 1080-8019 Welcome to website. Launched in May 1986 originally as "The Hydrogen Letter," our publication is the voice of the international hydrogen and fuel cell communities, covering events and developments in this emerging field as they occur. Every Month. Worldwide. Subscribers include major international energy corporations, car makers, utilities, think tanks, environmental groups, universities, state, federal and national ministries and agencies such as the U.S. Energy Department, the Environmental Protection Agency and others. Below you will find a story and the headlines from recent issues, updated monthly. Scroll to the end to find subscription prices and ordering information Feature Stories April 2003 Record Crowd at NHA Annual Meeting; H2 ICs, Infrastructure, Renewables Stir Interest March 2003 Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, Infrastructure are Big Gainers in DoE's 2004 EERE Budget Request February 2003 Ford, Toyota Show New Hydrogen Prototypes - Fuel Cell and I.C. - at Detroit Auto Show January Special President Bush Proposes $1.2 Billion for H2 Research in State of the Union Message

95. Clean Energy - Information On Fuel Cells More recently, fuel cell technology has been used as an efficient and lightweightenergy source for space exploration. fuel cells were carried aboard the http://www.nesea.org/energy/info/fuelcells.html

Clean Energy Information about Clean Energy NESEA Network Green Buildings Open House ... Recommended Books Fuel Cells Here are two examples of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells. They were designed to power buses. Photo credit: Ballard Power Systems and DOE/NREL Read a related article: Why Fuel Cells? Over the next few years, technological advances and cost reductions will likely lead to widespread use of fuel cells in a number of different applications. Fuel cells may someday be as common in residential households as refrigerators or dishwashers are today, producing clean and reliable electricity. In addition, it is highly likely that a new generation of clean automobiles using electric-drive motors will rely on fuel cells as their source of power. One-day families may buy cars that also serve as a small power plant, supplying energy and heat to their homes. How a Fuel Cell Works The first generation of commercially available fuel cells will rely on fossil fuels, such as natural gas and propane, as a source of hydrogen. These fuel cell systems must include a fuel reformer to extract the hydrogen from the fuel. Fuel cells will offer greater environmental benefits when it becomes economical to extract pure hydrogen from water. Pure hydrogen can be produced through water electrolysis (splitting H20 into separate oxygen and hydrogen molecules) using electricity generated from renewable energy sources. This hydrogen could be used directly in fuel cells to generate electricity, thus completely eliminating the use of fossil fuels. The combination of a fuel cell using hydrogen with electricity generated from clean, renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, would create a truly sustainable energy system. But before this vision can become a reality, many technological and cost barriers need to be overcome.

96. Fuel Cells THE CONCEPT fuel cells can serve as the premier power source of the new millennium.They supply clean reliable energy, right where it is needed without http://www.fuelcells.com/

FuelCells.COM Resources US Fuel Cell Council World Fuel Cell Council Member Access FuelCellToday ... Fuel Cell Experimenter Kit THE CONCEPT Fuel cells can serve as the premier power source of the new millennium. They supply clean reliable energy, right where it is needed - without recharging! THE RESOURCES The resources given here will help you learn about this exciting technology. Please CLICK HERE to contact us for more insight and special briefing packages. THE SIMPLE EXPERIMENT THAT STARTED IT ALL Discover the wonder of Fuel Cells with the Fuel Cell Experimenter Kit CLICK HERE THE LINKS THE RESOURCES US Fuel Cell Council The US Fuel Cell Council is an industry organization dedicated to the commercialization of fuel cells in the United States. Fuel Cells 2000 Fuel Cells 2000 is a widely acclaimed outreach and technical information site, focused on fuel cell technologies. They provide information to users, and also host a fuel cell marketplace. They also publish a Fuel Cell Directory World Fuel Cell Council "The World Fuel Cell Council was founded as a non-profit association in 1991 by a number of fuel cell manufacturers and material suppliers. Its objective is to promote the most rapid commercialization of this benign technology worldwide. Members of the Council include companies involved in the development and use of a variety of fuel cell technologies for both stationary and mobile applications". www.fuelcellworld.org "Launched in May 1986 originally as "The Hydrogen Letter," this publication is the voice of the international hydrogen and fuel cell communities, covering events and developments in this emerging field as they occur. Every Month. Worldwide. Subscribers include major international energy corporations, car makers, utilities, think tanks, environmental groups, universities, state, federal and national ministries and agencies such as the U.S. Energy Department, the Environmental Protection Agency and others". www.hfcletter.com

97. Environmental Organization WebDirectory - ScienceEnergy ElectroChem, Inc. Company involved in commercialization of PEM fuel cell technology;fuel cells 2000 - A non-profit, educational organization formed to http://www.webdirectory.com/Science/Energy/Alternative_Energy/Fuel_Cells/

Science Energy Alternative Energy :Fuel Cells A1A The DAIS Corporation - Maker of application priced fuel cell materials and PowerCell stacks. ElectroChem, Inc. - Company involved in commercialization of PEM fuel cell technology Fuel Cells 2000 - A non-profit, educational organization formed to promote the development and early commercialization of fuel cells and related pollution-free technologies. GlobeTech, Inc. - Our goals are the research and commercialization of fuel cells, fuel cell test stations, and gas diffusion electrodes. Small fuel cells, aluminium/air cells and electrode materials - We manufacture and sell small low cost, small, fuel cells, mainly for schools, colleges and universities. Sponsored by Santa Barbara Hotels

98. Fuel Cells And Hydrogen, New Developments In Energy Technologies The web sites includes the information on types and properties of fuel cell as well as hydrogen. http://www.fuelcells.prv.pl/

99. Logan Energy - Fuel Cells fuel cells are the business of LOGANenergy. With them we provide clean, quiet andreliable energy services for mission critical loads typically found in data http://www.loganenergy.com/fuelcells/fuelcells.html

FUEL CELLS Fuel Cells are the business of LOGANEnergy. With them we provide clean, quiet and reliable energy services for mission critical loads typically found in data centers, communications networks, hospitals, banks, hotels, universities, and business centers. At most installations, fuel cell waste heat is also provided to the host facility to add greater economy and efficiency to the project. When power interruptions strike, they often lead to costly downtime, revenue loss, or even life threatening hazards. In order to mitigate these exposures, LOGANEnergy has developed Sure~Sine Energy Service , incorporating UTC PC25C Fuel Cell Power Plants, to assure your critical systems remain up and on line, all the time. Click here to Learn About Fuel Cells PDF Format - Adobe Acrobat Reader is required LINKS TO OUR INDUSTRY "PARTNERS" I nternational Fuel Cells - http://www.internationalfuelcells.com/ Avista Labs - http://www.avistalabs.com/ DCH Enable - http://www.enablefuelcells.com/home.shtml ... About Logan

100. Untitled Document In largescale building systems, fuel cells can reduce facility energyservice costs by 20% to 40% over conventional energy service. http://www.pnl.gov/fuelcells/fuel_cells_overview.htm

Fuel cells overview Fuel cells have recently emerged as one of the most promising new technologies for meeting future global electric power needs. Inherently clean and efficient, reliable and quiet, fuel cells offer great potential for a host of power-generation applications. Fuel cells convert a hydrogen-containing fuel, such as natural gas or propane, into electricity and thermal energy, and because of their favorable operating characteristics can be installed on-site in addition to conventional utility application. In large-scale building systems, fuel cells can reduce facility energy service costs by 20% to 40% over conventional energy service. The building sector, including both residential and commercial buildings, is directly responsible for 32% of natural gas on-site consumption in the U.S. for such functions as space and water heating. The building sector also consumes about two-thirds of all electricity generated for supplying a wide range of space-conditioning and appliance loads. On a primary energy basis, the building sector accounts for 36% of U.S. energy consumption. The large direct and indirect fossil fuel requirement to provide current and anticipated future building energy needs is the driving force behind DOE's efforts to develop high efficiency end-use equipment as part of its technology development strategy. High efficiency building cogeneration systems using fuel cells are expected to be one of the key technology options for improving building energy efficiency.

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