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         Genotype & Phenotype:     more books (44)
  1. Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences
  2. Phenotypic Plasticity: Beyond Nature and Nurture (Syntheses in Ecology and Evolution) by Massimo Pigliucci, 2001-07-17

61. Beaker Babies Lab
3. Determine your personal genotype and phenotype by following your teacher'sinstructions and this list Beaker Babies Lab. genotype/phenotype Addendum.
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/AEF/1994/battaion_babies.html
Beaker Babies
By Scott Battaion
Materials
  • Beaker Babies activity sheets (one sheet per two students/lab partners)
  • Photocopies of male and female chromosomes (males and females need to be different paper colors; each lab group gets one male and one female sheet)
  • Three containers (plastic beakers)
  • Masking Tape
  • Colored pencils
  • Scissors
Procedure
  • Make photocopies of activity and chromosome sheets.
  • Set all materials out at lab stations.
  • Pair male and female students as lab partners. If there are an uneven number of students, have the remaining students assume the role of the needed parent and proceed as usual.
  • Determine which paper color will represent the male and female chromosomes. Students take one chromosome sheet and label each allele with the letters a-j and also the letter representing their specific genotype for each of the characteristics listed on Page #1 of the activity sheet.
  • This is done so that the gametes can be reconstructed in the correct order with the proper allele codes.
  • Students cut out the paper chromosomes in their entirety and also cut across the lines that separate each of the alleles (each is cut along all lines). These pieces are placed in the appropriate male or female beaker.

62. Much Current Thinking About The Relationship Between Genotype And Phenotype Cont
Much current thinking about the relationship between genotype and phenotype continues,intentionally or unintentionally, to place a discrete boundary between
http://staff.bath.ac.uk/bssadmr/genecontextposter.htm
G E N E S IN DYNAMIC CONTEXT The Watery Origins of Biological D i v e r s i t y By Alan Rayner Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath ARE YOU THINKING STRAIGHT? Much current thinking about the relationship between genotype and phenotype continues, intentionally or unintentionally, to place a discrete boundary between internal genetic information and external environment. Consequently, all kinds of morphological, physiological and behavioural responses are regarded as intrinsically genetically determined. Moreover, life is treated as though it is divided up into fully determinate informational packages that are independently subjected to the purely external action of natural selection and have no agency in their own continuance other than via random changes in nucleic acid composition between separate generations. Such thinking is the product of an outmoded lineage of rationalistic thought originating at least from Aristotle and Parmenides, culminating in the ‘Enlightenment’ of Bacon and Descartes, and enshrined in the ‘clockwork universe’ of Newtonian mechanics. It ‘abstracts’ spatial context out of material content by imposing an unreal ‘freeze frame’ upon natural dynamic geometry. O R R O U N D A B O U T primarily non-linear.

63. Cancer Prevention Projects: Glucuronidation In Humans: Genotype And Phenotype (D
Glucuronidation in Humans genotype and phenotype (DIGEST). PI JohannaLampe PhD. DIGEST website http//www.fhcrc.org/phs/digest.
http://www.fhcrc.org/phs/cprp/projects/digest.html
HOME Science Public Health Sciences Cancer Prevention ...
Contact Us
Glucuronidation in Humans:
Genotype and Phenotype (DIGEST)
PI: Johanna Lampe PhD DIGEST website: http://www.fhcrc.org/phs/digest Research has shown that certain fruits and vegetables can increase the activity of a group of enzymes (called glucuronosyltransferases or UGT for short) that help our body get rid of potentially harmful substances, including carcinogens. Genetic differences among individuals can play a role in how effectively these cancer-fighting enzymes work. The DIGEST study will look at how the interplay of genes and diet – in particular, a diet rich in certain fruits and vegetables – may affect the function of the body’s cancer-fighting enzymes. The results of this study, funded by the National Cancer Institute, could be important in making recommendations about diets that prevent cancer. About 300 people, ages 20 to 40, are sought for the first half of this two-part study. They will be asked detailed questions about diet and health. DNA from a sample of blood will be analyzed to determine genetic patterns of enzymes. Activity of these cancer-fighting enzymes will be measured by looking at the rate that the body breaks down aspirin and Tylenol. Of those initially enrolled, 60 will be asked to participate in the second part, two 14-day feeding studies during which the Hutchinson Center will provide all food and beverages. Eligibility will depend on genetic patterns of the enzymes.

64. Working In Genotype Or Phenotype Space
First Previous Next Last Index Home Text, Slide 16 of 30.
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~jsmith/ec/parallel/sld016.htm

65. Working In Genotype Or Phenotype Space
Working in genotype or phenotype Space. so far have considered idea of multiplefixed size populations. fine grain GAs have overlapping populations.
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~jsmith/ec/parallel/tsld016.htm
Working in Genotype or Phenotype Space
  • so far have considered idea of multiple fixed size populations
    • fine grain GAs have overlapping populations
    • an alternative approach is to treat individuals as belonging to different species and restrict mating and/or replacement or restrict number of individuals in each niche
    Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

66. Macular Dystrophy With Protan Genotype And Phenotype Studied With Cone Type Spec
Macular dystrophy with protan genotype and phenotype studied with cone typespecific ERGs. Hendrik PN Scholl 1 , Jan Kremers 2 and Bernd Wissinger 1.
http://www.szp.swets.nl/szp/journals/ce223221.htm
Current Eye Research
2001, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 221-228
Macular dystrophy with protan genotype and phenotype studied with cone type specific ERGs Hendrik P.N. Scholl , Jan Kremers and Bernd Wissinger University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Laboratories of Electrophysiology, Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Germany University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Laboratories of Molecular Genetics, Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Germany PURPOSE. To determine the L- and M-cone driven ERG responses in a male patient with macular dystrophy and a protan phenotype. METHODS. We measured large field ERG thresholds to stimuli which modulated exclusively the L- or the M-cones or the two in various combinations (both in-phase and in counterphase). In none of the stimuli, the S-cones were modulated. Additionally, standard and multifocal ERGs were measured. Analysis of the L- and M-cone pigment genes was performed by means of PCR, RFLP analysis and DNA sequencing techniques. RESULTS. Macular dystrophy was revealed by the markedly abnormal multifocal ERGs in presence of near normal standard ERGs. The large field ERG responses were exclusively driven by the M-cones with enlarged thresholds when compared with otherwise normal protanopes. In addition, the M-cone driven ERG response phases were abnormal. Pigment gene analysis confirmed a protan genotype with the presence of a single 5'red/3'green hybrid pigment gene. CONCLUSIONS. Our novel stimulus technique allows a reliable analysis of the separate cone pathways even in cases with macular dysfunction. The increased thresholds and the abnormal phase behavior of the M-cone driven ERGs reflect altered mechanisms of the retinal physiology in this patient. The data strongly suggest that the macular dystrophy and the protanopia have independent origins.

67. The Body's Experts Answer Your Questions About Resistance
First regarding what appears to be a conflict between the genotype and phenotypetest. genotype and phenotype Results, Posted Sep 6, 2002. Hello doctor
http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Resistance/Archive/versus/Q141380.html
Home Forum on Drug Resistance Answers to Resistance Questions by Category > Genotypic vs. Phenotypic Category > Question: Genotype and Phenotype Results Posted: Sep 6, 2002
Hello doctor:
    First - regarding what appears to be a conflict between the genotype and phenotype test. If the bar graph of the phenotype test shows that you are not sensitive to viracept and yet the Genotype shows no resitance to viracept, I would guess that the reason your phenotype test is showing resistance is on the basis of other protease inhibitor resistance mutations. With the protease inhibitors, there is some degree of partial resistance that comes with multiple resistance mutations to protease inhibitors, some times despite the fact that the one PI in question does not have the typical mutation for that drug that is associated with drug resistance. Regarding the apparent resistance to the NNRTI class, if you have been infected for about 2.5 years and have never taken this class of drugs, then it would appear that the person who transmitted HIV to you passed a drug resistant virus. This is called transmitted drug resistance and is on the rise in North America. Overall, if your phenotype shows that you have resistance to viracept, I would be reluctant to continue this drug as your protease inhibitor. The PI Lopinavir/ritonavir (known as Kaletra) is one that I typically recommend in patients who have some degree of PI resistance. Based upon your description of your complex phenotype and genotype results, I think that someone who is very familiar with HIV drug resistance should review the test results and discuss your therapy with you to help you make the best possible decision.

68. Genotype To Phenotype
Click to enlarge genotype to phenotype. By table. genotype to phenotype0124662579 Compare At $120.00 Our Everyday Low Price $112.80.
http://www.allheart.com/0124662579.html
Genotype to Phenotype
  • By Malcolm, S
  • Cloth
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  • 295 Pages
  • Keywords: Hereditary Diseases-Genetics; Phenotype
    This text provides a unique review of the mechanisms of interaction
    between genotype and phenotype, for both common and rare genetic
    disorders. This volume extends the range of genetic conditions
    discussed, and includes several chapters setting the discussion in the
    context of current trends in molecular genetics.
    Please Note: This item is returnable within 30 days if in unused, resalable condition. Shipping charges for books are based on weight and may vary from our standard shipping table. Genotype to Phenotype Compare At: $120.00 Our Everyday Low Price: Click Here to Search for a Product or Medical Book You may order online, by Fax , or by printing a Mail Order Form and mailing it. Want A FREE Littmann Stethoscope, Or A $100 Shopping Spree? Click Here Your Satisfaction is Guaranteed! Email Address: customerservice@allheart.com Remember to include your name and order number when you contact us. ©2003 by Professional Appearances, Inc. - AllHeart.com®
  • 69. Member Sign In
    Relating Viral genotype and phenotype. The final oral session of the meeting wasdevoted to discussion of different methods for relating genotype and phenotype.
    http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408277_7
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    70. 113: Steroid Sulphatase Deficiency: Genotype And Phenotype In Cases Ascertained
    Program Nr 113 Steroid sulphatase deficiency genotype and phenotypein cases ascertained by maternal serum screening. JRW Yates
    http://www.faseb.org/genetics/ashg99/f113.htm
    Program Nr: 113 Steroid sulphatase deficiency: genotype and phenotype in cases ascertained by maternal serum screening. J.R.W. Yates , R. McMahon , W. Gelson , L.R. Willatt , P.R. Raggatt , C. Carr , D.A. Aitken , S.F. Goodburn 1) Dept of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK; 2) Dept of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; 3) Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; 4) Dept of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; 5) Institute of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK.

    71. Genotype And Phenotype
    genotype and phenotype. phenotype observable characteristics that developthrough interactions between the genotype and the environment.
    http://psych.unn.ac.uk/users/nick/BBBpp02/tsld017.htm
    Genotype and Phenotype
    • Genotype: particular alleles that the individual has inherited.
    • Phenotype: observable characteristics that develop through interactions between the genotype and the environment.
    • E.g Siamese cats have dark fur on their tails, paws and ears; this raises the following questions:
    • Is there a gene for colouring the corners of a cat?
    • If such a gene exists, how does it 'know' where the 'corners' are, and how to colour them?
    • Siamese cats have a gene for producing an enzyme responsible for coloration, but is only expressed at certain temperatures. As the extremities are cooler, the gene is expressed and they become dark.
    • For complex human behaviours it is nearly impossible to isolate genetic from environmental variables.
    Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

    72. Genotype And Phenotype
    First Previous Next Last Index Text. Slide 17 of 25.
    http://psych.unn.ac.uk/users/nick/BBBpp02/sld017.htm

    73. 580-T. Incidence And Nature Of Phenotype-Genotype Discordance: Maximizing The Ut
    Background Resistance testing, using either genotype or phenotype, hasbecome standard of care in the management of HIV treatment failure.
    http://63.126.3.84/2002/Abstract/13793.htm
    Abstract E-mail Abstract Author Add To Itinerary Session Search Abstracts ... Program
    Session 77 Poster Session
    Resistance Testing in Drug Selection

    Session Time: 4:30-6:30 pm
    Room 4E-F
    580-T.
    Incidence and Nature of Phenotype-Genotype Discordance: Maximizing the Utility of Resistance Testing
    N. T. Parkin* , C. Chappey , L. Maroldo , J. Arocha , T. Fralich , S. Schrader , D. Ward , M. Wohlfeiler , and M. Bates
    ViroLogic, Inc., South San Francisco, CA; Miami, FL; Ft. Lauderdale, FL; Southampton Med. Group, Houston, TX; Dupont Circle Physicians Group, Washington, DC; and Wohlfeiler, Piperato and King, Miami, FL
    Background: Resistance testing, using either genotype or phenotype, has become standard of care in the management of HIV treatment failure. Genotype relies on accurate interpretation algorithms, while phenotype provides quantitative data but requires a clinical cut-off value for maximum utility.
    Methods: Genotype and phenotype tests were performed on approximately 200 patients participating in a pilot program to evaluate the impact of combining both resistance assays in a single report (PhenoSenseGT). Genotypic interpretations were based on an updated algorithm reflecting state of the art knowledge. Discordance was defined for drugs with a fold-change (FC) in IC50 over the PhenoSenseHIV assay cut-off but scored as genotype sensitive (PR/GS), or vice versa (PS/GR). Results: Most patients were highly treatment-experienced (85% had 2 or more treatment failures). Phenotype/genotype discordance was commonly observed: in 75, 54, 33, and 22% of samples at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 drugs, respectively, were discordant. The drugs with discordance in over 10% of samples were ddI (37%), ddC (25%), ABC (18%), 3TC (16%), SQV (15%), APV (12%), LPV (12%), IDV (12%), d4T (11%), and RTV (10%). Two-thirds of the PS/GR results were associated with mixtures at resistance-associated positions. After accounting for this, only ddI (29%), ddC (20%), 3TC (14%), ABC (14%), and APV (11%) had discordance rates over 10%. For ddI and ddC, most of the discordance was related to the presence of the M184V mutation, which causes genotype to be called resistant, although not all have FC > 1.7. For SQV, many samples with the L90M mutation, which is interpreted as genotype resistance when present with at least two secondary mutations, retained susceptibility to SQV (FC

    74. Bokpris.com - From Genotype To Phenotype
    From genotype to phenotype Jämför priser, frakt och leveranstiden på böckeri svenska och utländska Internetbutiker. Köp From genotype to phenotype.
    http://www.bokpris.com/0124662579
    Tävling Information Topplistor Hjälp
    Sök: Titel Författare ISBN
    From Genotype to Phenotype
    S. Malcolm
    J. Goodship
    Sue Malcom Hardcover November, 2001 Academy Pr ISBN: Logga in e-mail:
    lösenord:

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    75. Ask Jeeves: Search Results For "Genotype Phenotype"
    Popular Web Sites for genotype phenotype . Search Results 1 10 Rankedby Popularity, Next . Ask Jeeves a question about genotype phenotype
    http://webster.directhit.com/webster/search.aspx?qry=Genotype Phenotype

    76. EEB 460 | Genotype And Phenotype
    Home, genotype and phenotype, s p r i n g 2 0 0 3. Theoretical distributionsof phenotypes in the F 2 generation. The distributions
    http://web.utk.edu/~pteropus/genotype_and_phenotype.html
    Genotype and Phenotype s p r i n g 2 3 Theoretical distributions of phenotypes in the F generation. The distributions were generated using the following assumptions:
  • Heritability = 1.0
  • A 12-unit difference between the parents is controlled by various numbers of genes with equal phenotypic effects.
  • There is no linkage.
  • Dominance is unidirectional. The graphs demonstrate that as the number of genes which controls a phenotype increases, phenotypic variance becomes less discrete and more continuous. Theoretical distributions of phenotypes in the F generation. The distributions were generated using the following assumptions:
  • The phenotype is controlled by a single gene.
  • There is a 12-unit difference between the parents.
  • The effect of the environment ranges from 0% (heritability = 100%) to 75% (heritability = 25%) The graphs demonstrate that as the environmental influence on a phenotype increases, phenotypic variance becomes less discrete and more continuous.
  • 77. Linking Phenotype To Genotype
    variety of phenotypes. The projects discovered many genotypephenotypecorrelations involved in inherited diseases. The next step
    http://www.healthtech.com/2003/ptg/index.asp
    Register Online PDF Version Upcoming Conferences Request info ... Press pass Cambridge Healthtech Institute announces that this conference has been cancelled.
    The concurrent meeting
    Second Annual
    Proteins to Profits will be held as scheduled. Sponsoring Publications:
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    Sponsoring Society: International Mammalian Genome Society Scientific Advisors: Dr. Monica J. Justice, Baylor College of Medicine, and Dr. Laura Shawver, Phenomix Corp. Keynote Presentations Searching for Therapeutic Strategies from Genetic Analysis and Primary Disease Mechanisms The Proteome: How Do We Find Any More Pharmacologically Active Proteins? Dr. Timothy Wells, Head of Discovery, Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute Dr. Jan-Anders Karlsson, Executive Vice President, Pharma Research, Bayer AG Leverkusen Additional Speakers Dr. S. Lee Adamson, University of Toronto

    78. Test Information - Genotype-Phenotype Discordances
    concerning HIV drug resistance assay development and access, regulatory status,reimbursement and related issues genotypephenotype Discordances Written by
    http://www.hivresistanceweb.com/protected/testinfo/02sep/rws-02sep23-ti-genophen
    Up-to-date information concerning HIV drug resistance assay development and access, regulatory status, reimbursement and related issues
    Genotype-Phenotype Discordances
    Written by Robert W. Shafer, M.D.
    published on HIVresistanceWeb: September 27, 2002 Drug resistance can be measured using either genotypic or phenotypic assays. Genotypic assays detect mutations that cause drug resistance. Phenotypic assays are drug susceptibility assays in which a fixed inoculum of HIV-1 is cultured in the presence of serial dilutions of an inhibitory drug. The central dogma of biology can be restated to mean "genotype determines phenotype." Yet physicians who order both genotype and phenotype tests often get back interpretations that appear to be discordant. In this article, I will review the six causes for these discordances: (i) genotypic mixtures; (ii) transitional mutations; (iii) antagonistic mutations; (iv) the effect of thymidine analog mutations on ddI, d4T, and tenofovir susceptibility; (v) atypical mutations; and (vi) complex patterns of mutations. Genotypic mixtures
    HIV-1 is a quasispecies containing innumerable variants related to the original infecting strain. About 1% of all nucleotide positions in the RT and protease isolates from persons receiving antiretroviral therapy have detectable mixtures by population-based sequencing [

    79. HIVresistanceWeb – From The Podium – Update From Barcelona On The Utility Of R
    Initial studies compared one technology (genotype or phenotype) with no testin order to assess the clinical utility of resistance testing in general.
    http://www.hivresistanceweb.com/protected/podium/02aug/mr-02aug-ftp-assays1.shtm
    Update From Barcelona on the Utility of Resistance Testing in Clinical Practice
    Written by Michelle E. Roland, M.D.
    Published on HIVresistanceWeb: August 1, 2002
    As we reported in May, the results of six prospective, randomized studies that evaluated short-term virologic responses in subjects receiving a genotypic or phenotypic resistance test - compared to those who did not receive a resistance test - have been published ( see related article ). Initial studies compared one technology (genotype or phenotype) with no test in order to assess the clinical utility of resistance testing in general. The second round of studies compared the two testing strategies with each other. The contribution of expert advise to improved virologic outcomes has also been evaluated. Ongoing studies are comparing different interpretation approaches for genotype testing, including different rules-based algorithms and comparative database systems (e.g., Virtual Phenotype TM ); results of these studies have yet to be published.
    Five studies presented at the XIV International AIDS Conference in Barcelona address similar or related questions - questions that are important for understanding the utility and limitations of resistance testing in clinical practice. In addition to determining the clinical utility of these tests with regard to short-term virologic responses, it is important to address the longer-term clinical utility of resistance testing, and how well different interpretation systems work. New findings regarding this latter issue are discussed in a separate article, entitled "

    80. The Predictive Quality Of Genotype And Phenotype Data On Virological Response To
    The Predictive Quality of genotype and phenotype Data on Virological Response toSalvage Therapy in HIV1 Infected Patients (CNAA2007) Resistance Collaborative
    http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/99/slides/3541s1l/
    The Predictive Quality of Genotype and Phenotype Data on Virological Response to Salvage Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Patients (CNAA2007) Resistance Collaborative Group Reanalysis
    Click here to start
    Table of Contents
    The Predictive Quality of Genotype and Phenotype Data on Virological Response to Salvage Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Patients (CNAA2007) Resistance Collaborative Group Reanalysis Background Information Methods Baseline Characteristics of Study Population ... Phenotypic Multivariate Analysis: Odds Ratio of Virological Failure Class Phenotypic Sensitivities Author: Jeff Booker, VisCom Inc.

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