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         Glass Art Techniques:     more books (100)
  1. The Art of Polymer Clay Millefiori Techniques: Projects and Inspiration for Creative Canework by Donna Kato, 2008-11-11
  2. Looking at Glass: A Guide to Terms, Styles, and Techniques by Catherine Hess, Karol B Wight, 2005-07-18
  3. Like Breath on Glass: Whistler, Inness, and the Art of Painting Softly (Sterling & Francine Clark Art Institute) by Mr. Marc Simpson, 2008-07-28
  4. Clearly Inspired: Contemporary Glass and Its Origins by Karen S. Chambers, Tina Oldknow, 1999-04
  5. Glass Painting (The Art of Crafts) by Naazish Chouglay, 1999-09
  6. Glass: Art Nouveau to Art Deco by Victor Arwas, 1987
  7. The Art of Stained Glass Made Easy by Barry Bier, 1994-12-31
  8. Ornamental Flower Stained Glass Pattern Book: 83 Designs for Workable Projects (Dover Pictorial Archive Series) by Ed Sibbett Jr., 1984-10-01
  9. Gorgeous Glass: 20 Sparkling Ideas For Painting On Glass & China by Arlene S Gillen, 2008-03-14
  10. Stained Glass Basics: Techniques * Tools * Projects by Chris Rich, Martha Mitchell, et all 1997-12-31
  11. Simple Glass Crafts: 36 Beautiful Projects: Painting, Etching, Stained Glass & More by Marthe Le Van, 2002-05-28
  12. Creative Glass Techniques: Fusing, Painting, Lampwork by Bettina Eberle, 1999-12-31
  13. The Stained Glass Handbook: Techniques for the Experienced or Budding Stained Glass Artist (Artist's Handbook Series)
  14. 390 Traditional Stained Glass Designs (Dover Pictorial Archive Series) by Hywel G. Harris, 1996-02-29

61. Art Glass Association Join Now
includes sessions that address the technical and professional skills that will makeyou a success business skills, art glass techniques, safety legislation
http://www.agsa.org/member/JoinNow.asp

Art Glass Association

Login

Join Now

Leadership
...
Contact Us
Art Glass Association - Join Now!
Select the appropriate option below:
  • Announcements Only - Select this option if you do not want to apply for Art Glass Association membership, but just want to receive email or postal mailing of upcoming events, etc.
    Affiliate Membership
    - Select this option and receive:
    • Official Art Glass Association membership card Official Art Glass Association window decal Free admission to Art Glass Association Shows (public day) Education discounts Retail Member resource list Business development information Art Glass hot line Free samples and product information
    Business Membership - Select this option if you want to:
    • Network with other art glass professionals and create long lasting friendships with people who understand your business.

62. History Of Glass And Glassmaking
Creative glass techniques Fusing, Painting, Lampwork by Bettina Eberle with Chris Lampworking(also called torchwork) is the art of shaping glass with a
http://cornucopia-of-colors.com/history.html
Glass History
Learn About Glass Making
and the History of Glass
A Few Shards of History
According to the Corning Museum of Glass web site, glass making was discovered by potters in Mesopotamia, within the area now known as the countries of Iraq and Syria. "As early as 3,300 years ago, secret "instructions" for furnace building and glassmaking in Mesopotamia were written on clay tablets in a cuneiform alphabet. These instructions were copied and recopied over the centuries." (From the Corning Museum site.) A glimpse of glass making in the 4th Century A.D. is provided by a huge glass slab found in Beth Shearim, Israel. See below for more information about the Corning Museum web site. The Kelsey Museum in Michigan offers an introduction to their terrific site that takes you through their " Wondrous Glass " exhibition. It consists of ancient Roman glass dated from 50 BCE to 650 AD. There are a fantastic array of decorative techniques that were applied to glass wares such as you will see in these pictures of perfume flasks jugs decanters , and shipping jugs "Archaeological research now places the first evidence of true glass there [Mesopotamia] at around 2500 B.C. At first it was used for beads, seals, and architectural decoration. Some 1,000 years elapsed before glass vessels are known to have been produced. Vessels of glass quickly became widespread in the second half of the second millennium B.C. They were popular not only in Mesopotamia but also in Egypt and the Aegean."

63. Art Glass Shows, Art Glass Supplies - The Art Glass Show - Site Map
The art glass Show has the largest collection of trade exhibits and educationalclasses in the world relating to art glass supplies and techniques.
http://www.artglassshow.com/education.html
Home Travel Show News Show Schedule ... Business Seminars
Education
Top of Page Art Glass Show
Zanesville OH USA 43702-3388
Fax: (740) 452-2552
ArtGlassShow@Offinger.com
Home Travel Show News ...
All Rights Reserved
Site Design by

64. Glastar Art Gallery - Main Page
who use Glastar products. Many have used unique techniques when followingtheir creative path in art glass. Some have come up with
http://www.glastar.com/gallery/artgallery.html
Home
About Glastar

Art Glass Competition

Art Gallery
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Glastar Art Gallery Panel Mosaic Sandblast/Bevel Hot Glass Visit Glastar's new America section!! Welcome to Glastar's Art Gallery! We are honored and privileged to provide this space to recognize the stained glass artists who use Glastar products. Many have used unique techniques when following their creative path in art glass. Some have come up with unusual solutions to problems that stained glass artists have faced through the ages. Regardless, you will find that each of these art glass pieces is of exceptional merit. Enjoy! The Glastar Art Gallery is divided into five categories: Panel - In this category, you'll see installed windows, hanging panels, sun catchers, professional name plates, and other unusual “flat leaded or foiled glass creations of various shapes. - In this category, you'll see traditional (and not so traditional) lamps, sculptures, boxes, masks, and other unique three-dimensional glass creations using lead or foil. Mosaic - In this category, you'll see stepping stones, table tops, floors, walls, pottery, and other exceptional art glass in which pieces of glass have been set in a matrix or "bonding" medium.

65. Stained Glass Art ,decorative And Architectural Glass Objects For Unique Designs
Stained glass art, Decorative and Architectural glass Objects for leaded stained glassand kilnfired paintings on glass. But also newer techniques like fusing.
http://www.jaroglas.com/intro.htm
CLICK HERE / KLIK HIER Home View Drawings Paintings ... Links
Stained Glass Art, Decorative and Architectural Glass Objects for Unique Designs Jaroglas®
OVG Member - Dutch Association of Glaziers
Click here for one of Jaro's Projects

Now: a small skylight in a restaurant
Fly as a bird........feel as free as a bird. Thank's for taking time to visit our glass Website. Our glass studio or 'atelier' (the left picture shows Hans) as we call it, is located in a nice town named Tilburg in the south of The Netherlands. Here we have a nice place to work. We make our glassdesigns here, working in the tradional ways: leaded stained glass and kilnfired paintings on glass. But also newer techniques like fusing. Our studio is a unique atelier in the Netherlands where design and production are done by a enthousiastic young team. Our logo is the Sun: the sun is life and light. The Sun shows us how beautiful glass can be. So, the company-color is yellow and the company-image is a patriarch as an inspirator and creator, as on top of this page. At Jaroglas we develope ideas into designs. We never make the same design twice. So every project is unique. We are a studio for:
leaded, stained, new and restored glass

66. Corning 2003 Hot Glass Horizons
A bi-annual conference, Portland, OR in the fall and Corning, NY in the spring, featuring 'hands-on' Category arts Crafts glass Education......glass art Magazine, Evenheat Kiln and Fuse Master invite you to Hot glass glass fusing,casting, patede-verre and glass painting techniques from 13
http://www.hotglasshorizons.com/
Pre- Conference Wednesday, April 30
Main Conference Thursday, Friday, Saturday
May 1 through 3
If you have any questions, you can reach us by telephone at (503) 538-5281, fax at (503) 538-6527, e-mail at glaswiz@aol.com Glass Art Magazine Evenheat Kiln and Fuse Master
invite you to Hot Glass Horizons 2003 Corning, our 18th conference since we started in 1993. Our program features hands-on instruction in a variety of hot glass, kiln-forming, glass fusing, casting, pate-de-verre and glass painting techniques from 13 nationally renowned educators. Our classes offer the best student/teacher ratio in the nation, averaging just 12 students per instructor. We're very proud of our staff. We have the top instructors in the area of art glass education. These really are the best group teachers you will find anywhere in the country. Each is an experienced professional, making his or her living with glass, with a comprehensive knowledge base and the willingness to share it. Choose The Three Classes You Want To Take
Offered in a one-day format, most classes are conducted on each of the conference's three days (May 1, 2 and 3). To keep class sizes as balanced as possible, the particular days of your classes are assigned by our registration department. If, however, a particular day is important to you, please let us know on your registration form and we will do our best to accommodate your request. Some classes fill quickly, so register early and be sure to list an alternate class choice.

67. Instructional Videos -Crystal Myths Inc.
Paperweight techniques. $50, $4, $82, $20. Will Match ANY Advertised Price! PLEASECLICK HERE- TO PLACE AN ORDER -Home- -glass art- -Bead Shows- -Videos
http://www.swcp.com/~crstlmyt/Videos.html
Crystal Myths Inc. Home Glass Art Bead Shows -Videos- History Links Ordering Info Contact Us
INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS
Enlarge Picture

Ordering Information

Total run time: 80 min
Click - HERE - for a FREE video clip!
Making Paperweights with Schott Ophthalmic Glass
This video shows the technical side of making paperweights with Schott Ophthalmic Glass. A furnace in not used. Schott Glass gobs or "Hockey Pucks" are heated in an oven and picked up with a steel punty. The gob is "skinned" and the resulting gather of crystal clear glass is used to encapsulate a setup in a heated vacuum cup. A foot activated vacuum system is used. Mechanical rollers and torches are used to keep one half of the paperweight hot and centered on the punty. Another gob is picked up, "skinned", and used to add the bottom of the paperweight.
This video shows four paperweights being made. There is a large section showing common mistakes.
This is an advanced video. Techniques shown are not for beginners.

68. Art
Links to online coloring sites, learn-to-draw and paint sites, and art museums.Category Kids and Teens Pre-School Drawing and Coloring...... Crayola art techniques. Designers. Indianartsource.com forum for artists, art gallery,events, etc. Stained glass-India- modern stained glass, in art form.
http://www.indianchild.com/art_painting_drawing.htm
web hosting provided by Direct i Art, Painting, Drawing ONLINE COLORING SITES ART MUSEUMS LEARN TO DRAW AND PAINT OTHER MISC. LINKS Artnet.com Art Attack Art Detective Arts Pages ... Van Gogh paintings Indian Art Links :- Indianartcircle.com
Artheritage
Artkerala.com -traditional art forms of Kerala (india) Indianflokart.com - folk art, shopping and more. Art-indobuzz - art gallery, books, information on artists and art etc... Arts-addresses - addresses of art classe, art schools and museums in India Artsacre.com Artsindian.com Bangaloreart.com - art galleries, artists, exhibitions, art news in Bangalore (South India) Indexcolour.com - arts online, forums on art, online shopping Indiaart.com - art education, studios, artists, exhibitions, news. Indiagallery.com - artists, , calligraphy, cartoons, oil paintings. Indianartsource.com - forum for artists, art gallery, events, etc Stained glass-India - modern stained glass, in art form. Yes 2 Art.com

69. Will Prindle Design: Resume
Portland, Oregon, 1977 Unusual Hotglass techniques Air Entrapment, Making aCrackle or Crazed Surface, glass art Magazine, Oakland, California, 1976. Top.
http://www.willprindle.com/resume/

Education
Professional Experience Museum Collections Exhibitions ... Selected Client List WILLIAM PRINDLE
William Prindle is the principal of William Prindle Design in Santa Barbara, California. Prindle's approach to contemporary design addresses the aesthetic and functional aspects of everyday objects. His firm assists domestic and international clients in developing new products from concept through manufacture. During the last 15 years, more than 1,000 of Prindle's designs have been put into production. His client list includes firms in Belgium, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico and Taiwan, as well as in the United States.
William Prindle studied sculpture and glassmaking at Providence's Rhode Island School of Design. College mentors included architect Kent Keegan and glass artists Fritz Dreisbach and Dale Chihuly. Prindle earned a bachelor's degree in fine arts, sculpture, in 1974. He then worked in Italy for two years with Dino Gavina and Carlo Scarpa at Gavina/Simon International in Bologna, and at Venini Glass in Murano designing furniture, lighting systems, and handmade tabletop products.

70. Favourite Art Directory - Glass
detailed landscape and animal oil paintings, using classical techniques. entirelydevoted to glassBlowing LampWorking - FlameWorked - HOT glass art artists
http://www.engelen.com/links/glass.html
Do you want your link on this site? Fill out this form.
Leon Engelen Oil Paintings:

photographically detailed landscape and animal oil paintings,
using classical techniques. The site offers a valuable painting course,
as well as an extensive virtual gallery. HOME
VIRTUAL GALLERY
ABOUT L.ENGELEN ARTSCHOOL ... LATEST WORK
glass
home page
links (main menu)
3670  Distinct Links
Please support our Link Partners by visiting them.
Classy gifts ...
Hand painted glass stemware. Among the many gifts in our online catalogue we offer you will find a beautiful selection of original paintings using media such as glass, clay, watercolors, oil, etc. ...
http://www.classygifts.net/index.htm
mongrain glass studio...
Blown glass by master glassblower James Mongrain. He makes goblets, lighting, sculpture and vases.... http://www.mongrainglass.com
Site featuring hand blown glass oil candles ...
Site featuring hand blown glass oil candles designed by Glass Dimensions who are leaders in creating original glass giftware. We offer high quality service and timely delivery! ... http://www.preciouselementsgifts.com/OLC.html

71. Sculpture And Collage Lessons For K-12: KinderArt ®
Sculpture and collage lesson plans for kids of all ages, from Kinderart.Category arts Visual arts Collage...... stained glass piece without having to cut glass. PAPER PUZZLE art Learning aboutart critiquing and sculpture using paper folding and cutting techniques.
http://www.kinderart.com/sculpture/
Click for KinderArt Quick Site Menu *home* sitemap early childhood education art contests kindercolor kinderart store free newsletter birthdays the fridge search submissions feedback help you are here: Home > Sculpture and Collage
sculpture and collage
3-D AMUSEMENT PARKS
Gr. 4-6
...Using art tape to create three dimensional sculpture. From Judith Walsh.
3-D HOUSES
K-2
...Construct 3-dimensional structures from 2-dimensional paper. From Katherine Fisk.
ARTQUARIUM
Gr. 6-8
...Alison Lorion shows us how to create a classroom artquarium!
ALL ABOUT CLAY

...An important look at this timeless raw material along with some do's and don'ts
AZTEC TILES
upper elementary and high school ...Making Aztec Tiles is fun and educational. Teacher Charlene White takes us through the steps. BEAN MOSAICS K-6 ...Students will learn about mosaic techniques as they create a mosaic using dried beans and peas. From Kimberly Jensen. CLAY HEADS Gr. 4+ ...Creating sculptural works with clay. CLAY SAND CASTLES Gr. 1+ ...Children will also develop their sculpture techniques and creativity by molding and decorating their own clay sand castles. From Christina Eosco. DRAGONFLY DRAGONFLY K ...Miss Karen has a fun dragonfly craft for you and your kinderartists. DRYWALL SCULPTURE Gr. 2+

72. ART VISION - Techniques Of Glass Pictures
techniques of glass pictures A picture may break up into tiny pieces because ofimproper selection of glass, wrong timing and Copyright art VISION 1999.
http://www.gallery.zhitomir.ua/eng/showhall/glassnfo.html
Etching
Glass pictures
Levcas

Ex-Libris

Engraving

Techniques of Glass pictures T he very process of making a stained glass panel is a sacrament. Galina Gotshalk, an artist from Zhitomir, creates glass pictures. Her works synthesize the traditional technique of making stained- glass panels and original one. Carefully selected on colour and structural pattern coloured glasses, joined with lead strips made up real pictures in windows of Gothic temples. Galina Gotahalk applies to collage technique as well. Glasses arranged in a certain manner are placed into a muffle furnance where under high temperature they get pliant and plastik. The furnance turned oil, the glass slowly cools and acquires whimsical shape, Hereafter it is glued to a back surface. Here accurate matematical calculations are necessary. A picture may break up into tiny pieces because of improper selection of glass, wrong timing and temperature condition.
Exhibition
Artists
IMPULS Ltd

Hosted by IMPULS ISP
Designed by IS Promotion

73. Resume - Dinah Hulet: Mosaic Glass (murrine) Portraiture
Cruz, CA. Instructor at glass art Society preconference 3-day workshopAdvanced Murrine techniques. Asheville, NC. Guest Lecture
http://www.dinahhulet.com/Index/Pages/Other/Resume1.html
Resume
SELECTED EXHIBITIONS
On the Surface: National Glass Invitational. The Arts Center, St. Petersburg, FL. The Magic of the Lamp. Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY. Exhibit. The Glass Gallery, Bethesda, MD. Passing the Torch. West End Gallery, Corning, NY. Strong Work by Strong Women. The Hope Collection, Santa Fe, NM. SOFA Chicago 2000. Represented by Morgan Contemporary Glass Gallery, Navy Pier, Chicago, IL buy/by women. Morgan Contemporary Glass Gallery, Pittsburgh, PA The Millenium Marble Exhibition. Grand Army Plaza Arch, Brooklyn, NY Hot and Cool: Contemporary Glass Works. A 3-year touring museum exhibition organized by Exhibits USA The Beaded Universe American Craft Museum. New York, NY The Tip of the Iceberg; A Lampworking Exhibition Curated by Ginny Ruffner, held in conjunction with the l999 Glass Art Society Conference, Tampa, FL I nternational Glass Beads Exhibition '98 Held in conjunction with the 1998 Glass Art Society Conference. Exhibition traveled to six museums and gallery shows throughout Japan

74. ARTtalk-Pastel Tips And Techniques-art Paper Supplys Oil Soft Pastels Painting
but with much more than the thickness of single matting, there is serious lossof detail.During the closure of the art, backing, mat and glass, one should
http://www.arttalk.com/pastel/pastel.htm
.com Pastel Tips
...the link between you, the visual artist, and the manufacturer of art materials.
Established 1990 All About Giclee Printing New Paint by Color System SIGN UP - FREE ARTtalk e-Newsletter
Search all of ARTtalk!!
The Pastel Journal
is available in bookstores and art supply stores throughout the United States. Ask for it at your favorite store! Subscribe now! For a fuller description of the contents of this month's issue of The Pastel Journal please click here
Pastels
Pastels and Mixed Media
Pastels are a very flexible medium that can be used to create images ranging from a simple sketch to an intricately detailed painting. What few realize is how pastels can be mixed with other mediums to achieve effects that are impossible with pastels alone. This compatibility with other drawing and painting mediums allows for rich and interesting experimentation with mixed media techniques. Pastels can be mixed with watercolors, acrylic paints and gels, alkyds, and oil paints for a large range of painterly effects. Pencil and ink can also be incorporated into a pastel drawing to add textural line qualities. For texture, modeling paste and marble dust can be added to pastels to build up impasto qualities. Those willing to experiment with some of these combinations will most certainly add to their repertoire of drawing and painting techniques.

75. Digitry Company - Temperature Controllers
Although Digitry's equipment was originally conceived to control annealing, it alsohas important uses in all aspects and techniques of glass art, where time
http://www.digitry.com/
Digitry Company, Inc.
188 State Street, Suite 21, Portland, Maine 04101
207-774-0300 FAX: 617-484-5220
W elcome to our Web site. Within these Web pages you will find a summary of what we now offer. D igitry's controllers were designed from the beginning as the result of a collaboration between glass artists and computer scientists. Consequently they have always had the special features for glass art. As new glass techniques have become popular, even more special features have been added. We have enjoyed this collaboration with our friends and customers for over a dozen years.
A lthough Digitry's equipment was originally conceived to control annealing, it also has important uses in all aspects and techniques of glass art, where time-varying control of heat is critical. In fact, annealing blown glass may be among the most straightforward of these uses, which include casting, bending and kiln forming, slumping, fusing, and pate de verre. Digitry controllers have also been used in heat treating steel, crystalline glazing of ceramics, and control of glass batch furnaces. For facilities that do not need the multiple oven capability of the GB4, the single oven GB1 is an ideal choice. The GB1 is particularly favored by fusers. Note that the GB1 can hold 15 different temperature profiles. So, as you alternate uses, you do not have to punch in a new program each time.
Digitry Web Site Directory
GB1 Programmable

Temperature Controller
GB4 Programmable
Temperature Controller
... G.A.S. Reports

76. Rent Videos Online, Learn "how To" Art Techniques, Plus Craft Ideas
These easy to master, fine art techniques on video are for rent or purchase. AtartVideo.com see beautiful stained glass patterns, painting
http://www.art-video.com/
Your Cart Items:
Total: $0.00
Search Enter Keyword(s):
Learn from Famous Artists by buying or renting art-videos Learn from the Masters! "Mastering Watercolor Techniques" Irving Shapiro
"Waterfalls", Dogwood", Winter Landscape " Zoltan Szabo
"Portraits" James Kirk "Controlling Watercolor" Tony Couch
"Color Theory" Hal Reed "Morning Breakers" E. John Robinson
"Starting to Paint", "Oil Painting Technique" William Palluth
"Portrait Painting" Harold Riley "Portrait Drawing" Daniel Greene
"Old Covered Bridge" Dorothy Dent "Garden Flowers" Betty Denton
These greats, and over 300 more to choose from! Art Video Library was established in 1985 as a home based business, joining with Video Learning Library in 1996 and expanding our reach around the world. We have continual ads running in the American Artists Magazine The Artists ' magazine and recently Watercolor magazine. We serve the professional as well as the novice. We are very proud of our company and the opportunity to serve others in the joy of learning.

77. Glass Art, Resource Center.
Photobrasives will apply the adhesive directly to the glass, then set the mask Shortlyafter the next article on application techniques for the Contact paper
http://www.kerseyglass.com/resource-center/articles/article3b.asp
Article 3b The Resource Center http://www.kerseyglass.com Today's Date is Tuesday, April 8, 2003
Main Menu

A Good Place to Start
by Stephen E. Kersey
Introduction
Over the years, we have come to rely on several standard masking materials that suit our needs exceptionally well. When I say that they suit our needs, you should keep in mind that our studio uses a modified sand pot that gives us a very fine control over our air and sand mixture. With this control, we are able to do a great deal of fine detailed work.
Also as I discussed in tutorial 3A , we generally use 100 grit silica carbide as our general purpose medium. This carbide is very sharp and cuts very fast which means we can use lower pressures and more delicate masking materials. The more delicate the masking materials, the easier it is to cut patterns and designs in, making intricate artwork possible.
As a general rule of thumb, our studio relies on about four differing types of masking materials. They all have their advantages, and specialized strengths. So let's delve into some masking materials to get an idea of what we find is best for our shop.

78. Glass Art, Resource Center.
in thing now that our polishing techniques are up to snuff. Come take a peek at someof our higher res pictures in the glass Gallery under the art pieces link
http://www.kerseyglass.com/resource-center/
Main Menu The Resource Center http://www.kerseyglass.com Today is Tuesday, April 8, 2003

Glass Rumors Glass Rumors is a discussion forum where you can raise questions or offer your experience to others on glass-art topics. It is a moderated place where everone is welcome to participate. Tutorial Center The Tutorial Center is your resource to glass art application methods described in detail by experienced artists. Take a guided tour through some of the processes we use in making our art work world acclaimed. Links The links page, is different from other links pages on the internet in that links are maintained by the people who put them there. Suppliers The suppliers page is currently a static page of suppliers for various glass-art products. Book Reviews The book reviews page is a static page of books that the Kersey's recommend for beginning glass-artists, as well as advanced artists. This page is expected to change into a public review and posting board sometime in the future... If you have read a book that you think deserves a home on this page, email me
O F I N T E R E S T
Tools of the trade: Hand polishing tools I decided to post a few pictures of the tools we use in the hand polishing process. You can take a looksee here:

79. Art
Class will cover designing, glass cutting and fabrication techniques including leadand copper Nicholas has been producing stained glass art for over 11 years.
http://elmo.shore.ctc.edu/ce/Winter2003/art.html

80. Anglin Art Gallery / Technical Information
A new glass is available that is superior Lighthouses, Blockade Runners, Marine art,artist's Biography Lighthouse Reproduction, Painting techniques, Painting
http://www.johnhenryanglin.com/tech.html
Pastel is a wonderful medium that has much to offer. There are several misconceptions about pastels:
First they are not chalks! Chalk is calcium chloride such as what is used in school on the board
Second since people think they are chalks, there is the mistaken belief that pastels are cheap and impermanent. In fact, pastels are made with the same high quality pigments used in expensive water color, acrylic, and oil paints.
Like other media, pastels come in a wide range of qualities from a variety of manufacturers. A binder is added to a finely ground powder of pure pigment to keep the pastels solid after drying. Here is where pastels differ from other media in that they require no other chemicals or additives.
Some artists use a fixative, a sticky lacquer, to help attach one layer of pastel to another. I prefer to use pastels dry and use no fixatives or sprays during painting or as a final cover spray.

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