41. The Industrial Revolution: Ragz-International They became interchangeable, enabling unskilled workers to assemble productsfrom boxes of parts quickly. Second industrial revolution. http://ragz-international.com/industrial_revolution.htm

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SEE ALSO, Europe Transformed Author: Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey;Jewsbury;Lewis;Hackett Date: 1992 Industrialization: The First Phase Most products people in the industrialized nations use today are turned out swiftly by the process of mass production, by people (and sometimes, robots) working on assembly lines using power-driven machines. People of ancient and medieval times had no such products. They had to spend long, tedious hours of hand labor even on simple objects. The energy, or power, they employed in work came almost wholly from their own and animals' muscles. The Industrial Revolution is the name given the movement in which machines changed people's way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, the people of England began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines. A little later they invented locomotives. Productivity began a spectacular climb. By 1850 most Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world. From Britain the Industrial Revolution spread gradually throughout Europe and to the United States. Changes That Led to the Revolution The most important of the changes that brought about the Industrial Revolution were (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools; (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and (3) the adoption of the factory system.

42. Kurzweil Technologies, Inc.: Publications Essay on John Kay's patent approval for his new engine for opening and dressing wool, now known as Category Business Textiles and Nonwovens Biographies Kay, John...... The industrial revolution was not without its controversies. challenge to what itsmembers perceived as a diabolical danger to the textile workers' livelihoods http://www.kurzweiltech.com/msecond.htm

The Age of Intelligent Machines "The Second Industrial Revolution" by Ray Kurzweil On May 26, 1733, John Kay, a twenty-nine-year-old inventor, received the news that the English Patent Office had awarded him a patent for his New Engine for Opening and Dressing Wool, now known as the flying shuttle. To Kay this was good news, for he had hoped to start a small business supplying his new machine to the burgeoning English textile factory. What neither Kay nor his contemporaries realized at the time was that his innovation in the weaving of cloth represented the launching of the Industrial Revolution. Like many innovations that come at the right time in the right place, the flying shuttle caught on quickly. Unfortunately, Kay was more talented as an inventor than as a businessman, and after losing most of his money in litigation attempting to enforce his patent, he moved to France, where he died in poverty. Kay nonetheless had a lasting impact. The widespread adoption of the flying shuttle created pressure for the more efficient spinning of yarn, which led to Sir Richard Arkwright's Cotton Jenny, patented in 1770. In turn, machines to card and comb the wool to feed the new mechanized spinning machines were developed in the 1780s. By the turn of the century all aspects of the production of cloth had been automated. The cottage industry of English textiles was rapidly being replaced by increasingly efficient centralized machines. Good ideas catch on and innovators in other industries took note of the dramatically improved productivity that mechanization had brought to English textiles. The process of industrialization spread to other industries and to other countries. Major innovations that followed included Ford's (1863-1947) concept of mass production and Edison's (1847-1931) harnessing of the electron. Ultimately Europe, the United States, Japan, ad other parts of the world shifted from an agrarian and craft economy to one dominated by machines. The succession of increasingly efficient generations of automation has continued to this day. The changing patterns of production and employment, together with related scientific advances, have had dramatic effects on all aspects of modern life, profoundly affecting our social, cultural, educational, economic, and political institutions.

43. Anti Essays : Corporate Development During The Industrial Revolution Free Essays Business Economics Corporate Development During the industrial revolution FreeEssays the same manner that Andrew Carnegie treated his workers cruel and http://www.antiessays.com/show.php?cat=economy&eid=182

44. World History/Industrial Revolution about the industrial revolution. URL http//tqjunior.advanced.org/4132/info.htm19 th C. Working Conditions Here are four primary source photos of workers and http://www.rusd.k12.ca.us/4teachers/history/history10d.html

History Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 World History 10 US History 11 Government 12 Economics 12 Science Science 4 Science 5 Science 6 Science 7 Science 8 Natural Science Biology Chemistry Physics Language Arts Language Arts 3 Language Arts 4 Language Arts 5 Language Arts 6 Language Arts 7 Core Novels 7 Language Arts 8 Core Novels 8 Language Arts 9 Language Arts 10 Language Arts 11 Language Arts 12 Mathematics Not available yet Other Links Reference Links Virtual Field Trips Lang. Arts Standards Math Standards Curriculum Links 10th Grade History: World History and Geography The Modern World Geography General History Sites Unresolved Problems of the Modern World The Industrial Revolution ... Nationalism in the Contemporary World The Industrial Revolution Child Labor in England A secondary source website that provides a good introduction to this topic. URL: http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/ hypertext/landow/victorian/history/hist8.html Lesson Plan: Industrial Revolution A simple lesson designed for 8 th grade students is available here. It can easily be used for high school students. Working in teams that include designer, developer, marketer, students create their own invention and sell it to the class.

45. Section 8: The Industrial Revolution /Shaping Of The Modern World/Brooklyn Colle The debate on Good or Bad has gone on since industrial revolution Poetssuch as Blake and Wordsworth protested the treatment of workers. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/virtual/core4-8.htm

Section 8 Contents Readings Caucus Search ... Movies Brooklyn College Core Curriculum: The Shaping of the Modern World Section 8:The Industrial Revolution Introduction: This Week's Goals Text Multimedia Sources ... Test Yourself! An online quiz for this section. Introduction: This Week's Goals So far, in considering what makes up the "modern world", we have looked at: The creation by absolutist monarchs of "modern" state structures such as "national sovereignty," "standing armies," and the committee structures of government. The establishment of the intellectual dominance of scientific thought during the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. The emergence of political Liberalism during the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions. The promotion of the "people" as the basis of the state during the American and French Revolutions. But, for most of us who live in the modern West, the greatest change in how we live compared to how people lived in the early modern past would probably me in terms of material culture . "Material culture" refers to how we work, what we eat, what we wear, and where we live. All these aspects of our lives are part of the "economy."

46. Silk City: Paterson, New Jersey - North Jersey's Internet Magazine of Paterson and the industrial revolution in America collection explore how this industrialheritage expresses sites, work processes, and memories of workers. http://www.rt23.com/history/Paterson_NJ-silk_city.shtml

Silk City - Paterson, New Jersey The Industrial Revolution in North Jersey History American Revolution Industrial Revolution Maps Shop for in DVD Books Popular Music Toys Cameras Computers Category Browse or Business Name City State (required) AK AL AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY The cradle of the industrial revolution in America: Paterson, New Jersey's Great Falls, 77 feet tall and 280 feet wide. The City of Paterson is located in Northeastern New Jersey near waterfalls on the Passaic River. It was incorporated as a town in 1831. Paterson was founded in 1791 by the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures (S.U.M.), a group championed by statesman Alexander Hamilton. The settlement was named for governor of New Jersey and signer of the United States Constitution, William Paterson Alexander Hamilton is sometimes called the "Founder of Paterson" because of his vision in July of 1778. On route to Paramus, General George Washington, the Marquis de Lafayette, his aide-de-camp Colonel James McHenry, and Colonel Alexander Hamilton stopped at what was then called the Totowa Falls.

47. Trades Union Congress - Telework - The New Industrial Revolution? It applies to those workers who spend part or all of their time working awayfrom the office using electronic processing or communication equipment. http://www.tuc.org.uk/work_life/tuc-3664-f11.cfm

text only version Choose a subject Congress Employment Research Equality Health and Safety International Learning Partnership Pensions Skills - Policy The Economy The Law at Work The Public Sector The TUC Welfare to Work Working Life TUC in action Changing Times Globalisation May Day 2003 New Unionism Partnership Institute Pay Up For Pensions Stakeholder Pensions Temporary Workers Also under this subject CT Newsletter Working students Work-life balance Publications You can buy the following related title online About Time: a new agenda for shaping working hours Working on the Edge - conference on issues facing 'atypical' workers We can alert you by email if there is something new in your chosen subject areas. Register your interests now Send a link to this document by clicking here The future of teleworking 2.24 Teleworking is a relatively new concept as far as labour market statistics are concerned. We simply do not have enough information to say for sure if the recent rapid growth in teleworking will be sustained. Other forms of 'atypical' working - such as temporary employment -have shown similar spurts in growth only to fizzle out after a few years. What is clear however is that the teleworker of popular perception - the employee who works mainly at home - is the least common form of all the very different working kinds of work lumped together under the telework banner. Moreover, despite recent increases only 0.5 per cent of all employees are telework homeworkers at present. It would take many years of sustained growth before this share starts to have a significant impact on the overall shape of the labour market.

48. History industrial revolution of Agriculture, 1650, Leeds Woollen workers Petition,1786. Letter of Leeds Cloth Merchants 1791, Life of 19th century workers. http://www.alexxi.com/clifton/hisir.htm

History Industrial Revolution Bookmarks A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions Babbage Pages (Charles Babbage) Babbage, Charles (1791-1871) ... Wordsworth - "The Excursion", 1814 (poem)

49. Women At Work In Factories - Female Factory Workers - Working Women's Rights Many sweatshop workers were seamstresses and other women, though that's not the ofWomen's Work Curriculum on women in the industrial revolution in England and http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/workfactories/

zfp=-1 About History Women's History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Women's History with Jone Johnson Lewis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Essentials/Basics March: WH Month! Biographies World: by Place ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Factories Early in the Industrial Revolution, factories began to hire women. Some resources on women in the factory, industrial conditions, and working women's rights. Rosie the Riveter: Women in the Factories of World War II Women's work in factories during World War II was essential to the war effort. They were recruited with images of strong women like Rosie the Riveter. And it wasn't just in America. Lowell Mill Girls Young women left the farm and went to work in the mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, six days a week, twelve or more hours a day. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Resources on the March 25, 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, New York City, in which 146 died, mostly women who were Jewish and Italian immigrants.

50. National Nanotechnology Initiative: Leading To The Next Industrial Revolution NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE LEADING TO THE NEXT industrial revolution. research,which will help meet the growing demand for workers with nanoscale http://clinton4.nara.gov/textonly/WH/New/html/20000121_4.html

National Nanotechnology Initiative: Leading to the Next Industrial Revolution THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Release January 21, 2000 NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE: LEADING TO THE NEXT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Funding by Agency: FY 2000 ($M) FY 2001 ($M) Percent Increase National Science Foundation Department of Defense Department of Energy NASA Department of Commerce National Institutes of Health TOTAL Nanotechnology is the new frontier and its potential impact is compelling: This initiative establishes Grand Challenges to fund interdisciplinary research and education teams, including centers and networks, that work for major, long-term objectives. Some of the potential breakthroughs that may be possible include: Shrinking the entire contents of the Library of Congress in a device the size of a sugar cube through the expansion of mass storage electronics to multi-terabit memory capacity that will increase the memory storage per unit surface a thousand fold; Making materials and products from the bottom-up, that is, by building them up from atoms and molecules. Bottom-up manufacturing should require less material and pollute less;

51. General Internet Resources The Plight of Women's Work in the Early industrial revolution in Englandand Wales links to textile workers and includes salary information; http://www.cps.ci.cambridge.ma.us/crls/webquests/ir/topics.html

General Internet Resources These are not the only sites you can use, but a starting point for your research! Overview resources Women Child labor Health and sanitation ... Population Growth Overview Resources VictorianWeb : Social History - information on the life of the industrial worker, public health, class and gender, education, and economy VictorianWeb : Technology - information on factories and transportation British History 1700-1900 - links to articles on factory reformers, supporters of child labor, life in the factory, the factory workers, and statistics The Plight of Women's Work in the Early Industrial Revolution in England and Wales -links to textile workers and includes salary information Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Industrial Revolution - primary source documents European Enlightenment: The Industrial Revolution - overview article Women in the Industrial Revolution Women in Industry - A history of women in industry in Britain and a collection of quotes and other primary source statements. National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies - Details the fight for equal rights during the Industrial Revolution in England.

52. Industrial Revolution Most of them became factory workers where machines had made it easier to mass ThenIndustrial revolution advanced onto a new track with the invention of the http://www.geocities.com/k218tl/geography.html

Life Before Steam      In 1710 work was done mainly by muscle power, there were little machines other than water and windmills. The problem though was these forms of power were unreliable, when the wind stopped blowing or the water stopped running so did the machines. Places where there was an abundant supply of wind and water tend to be in remote areas so it was hard to find staff willing to work the mills. All of these dilemmas lead to experiments with possible new types of energy, one of them was steam power.          Back 200 years ago to get anywhere you will have to go by horse, which is a long and bumpy ride, and if you weren’t rich enough to own a horse, walking was the only choice. If you lived in Canada and wanted to visit you cousin in England the only way across the Atlantic is by ship. Since the ship relies on the wind to navigate it is an unreliable and slow form of transportation. Not only will you find dramatic differences from our life in transportation but also in the household. At night the only form of light is an oil lamp, or the fireplace, which also serves as a heater.          Large cities were almost non-existent because so much of the population was needed to be farmers so there would be enough food for all in the country. The reason for the necessity of farmers was because to plough the fields, scatter the seeds, watering the crop, and harvesting had to be all done by muscle energy agricultural, human and animal. After the crop was harvested and it was time to turn grain to flour, the machine to do the job was the water or windmill, both of, which were unreliable and slow. Factories were non-efficient because there were no machines especially in the looming and mining areas. Clothing was made by hand and flooded mines had to be drained out by workers. The result of all this was that most countries in the world were agricultural but everything will soon change with the introduction a powerful source of energy called steam.

53. Tsongas Industrial History Center . Duringthe industrial revolution, workers began to mass produce goods in factories.......workers On The Line. Grades 4 HS. $150 up to 30 students. http://www.uml.edu/tsongas/programs/wol.htm

School Programs At the Center Change in the Making Invention Factories Yankees and Immigrants Bale to Bolt ... Water Under Fire At your School Farm to Factory Voices of Change Extras Lock and Canal Boat Tour Hands-on Workshops Workers On The Line Grades 4 - HS $150 up to 30 students Description During the industrial revolution, workers began to mass produce goods in factories. The new factory workplace fundamentally changed the nature of work, and the relative power of workers and owners. In this program, students become workers on textile printing assembly lines. Activities Include Take on the role of production workers Experience a loss of control of their lives as equipment is "speeded up" Decide how to react when wages are cut Are challenged to find better solutions to improve the workplace Visit the Boott Cotton Mills Museum and the multi-media slide presentation "Wheels of Change." Scheduling and Reservations Workers On The Line is offered September through June, $150 per program

54. History Of Work Ethic--8.The Work Ethic And The Industrial Revolution was being dramatically affected by the industrial revolution in the mid of labor camewith the industrial age. No one directly supervised home workers or farmers http://www.coe.uga.edu/workethic/hir.html

The Work Ethic and the Industrial Revolution Roger B. Hill, Ph.D. As work in America was being dramatically affected by the industrial revolution in the mid-nineteenth century, the work ethic had become secularized in a number of ways. The idea of work as a calling had been replaced by the concept of public usefulness. Economists warned of the poverty and decay that would befall the country if people failed to work hard, and moralists stressed the social duty of each person to be productive (Rodgers, 1978). Schools taught, along with the alphabet and the spelling book, that idleness was a disgrace. The work ethic also provided a sociological as well as an ideological explanation for the origins of social hierarchy through the corollary that effort expended in work would be rewarded (Gilbert, 1977). Some elements of the work ethic, however, did not bode well with the industrial age. One of the central themes of the work ethic was that an individual could be the master of his own fate through hard work. Within the context of the craft and agricultural society this was true. A person could advance his position in life through manual labor and the economic benefits it would produce. Manual labor, however, began to be replaced by machine manufacture and intensive division of labor came with the industrial age. As a result, individual control over the quantity and methods of personal production began to be removed (Gilbert, 1977).

55. Turns Of The Centuries - Newcomers, 1780-1820 Among the most farreaching effects of the industrial revolution was the socialand economic newcomer it produced. Factory workers were not farmers, nor were http://www.memorialhall.mass.edu/turns/theme.jsp?x=2&y=3

56. The Third Industrial Revolution The third industrial revolution. He contends that while the introduction of technologiesoffers profits to investors and premiums for skilled workers, in the http://ideas.repec.org/a/fip/fedcer/y1999iqiip2-12.html

This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data Papers Articles Software Books ... Help! The third industrial revolution Author info Abstract Publisher info Related research ... Statistics Author Info Jeremy Greenwood Additional information is available for the following registered author(s): JEREMY GREENWOOD Abstract The author examines periods of rapid technological change for coincidences of widening inequality and slowing productivity growth. He contends that while the introduction of technologies offers profits to investors and premiums for skilled workers, in the long run the rising tide of technological change lifts everybody's boat. Publisher Info Article provided by Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland in its journal Economic Review Volume (Year): Issue (Month): Pages: Handle: RePEc:fip:fedcer:y:1999:i:qii:p:2-12 Keywords: Technology ; Productivity ; Income distribution Contact details of provider: Postal: 1455 East 6th St., Cleveland OH 44114 Phone: 216.579.2000 Web page: http://www.clev.frb.org/ More information through EDIRC Order Information: Email: publications@clev.frb.org

57. Public Record Office | Education | Snapshots | The 1833 Factory Act As the industrial revolution gathered pace thousands of factories sprang up allover used that could, and frequently did, cause serious injuries to workers. http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot13/snapshot13.htm

In 1833 the Government passed a Factory Act to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. The basic act was as follows: No child workers under 9 years of age Employers must have a medical or age certificate for child workers Children between the ages of 9-13 to work no more than 9 hours a day Children between 13-18 to work no more than 12 hours a day Children are not to work at night Two hours schooling each day for children Four factory inspectors appointed to enforce the law throughout the whole of the country. However, the passing of this Act did not mean that overnight the mistreatment of children stopped. Using these sources, investigate how the far the Act had solved the problems of child labour. Source 3: Photograph of workers in a factory Source 1: Extract from a Factory Inspectors Report Source 2: Companies who broke the law 1a. Who gave the evidence to the factory inspector?

58. Made In Hamilton 19th Century Industrial Trail first industrial revolution had mostly to do with the reorganization of work. Forthe first time, factory owners gathered together large groups of workers http://collections.ic.gc.ca/industrial/19thcent.htm

MADE IN HAMILTON 19TH CENTURY INDUSTRIAL TRAIL About This Tour Come learn about Hamilton's 19th century Industrial Revolution by visiting the sites of some of the city's first factories and workshops. Let this site be your guide as you walk the narrow corridor between the harbour and downtown, where the city's first round of industrialization took place. How to use this Site There is a map below. You may click on the individually numbered locations on the map, or click on the name corresponding to each number in the ordered list below. MADE IN HAMILTON 19TH CENTURY INDUSTRIAL TRAIL ROUTE MAP 1. Whitehern 18. H.L. Bastien Boat Works 2. Bell Telephone Exchange 3. Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway ... 35. Hamilton Coach Factory INTRODUCTION In the second half of the 19 th century, Hamilton was transformed from a commercial centre with a sprinkling of small artisan shops into Canada's pre-eminent industrial city. These changes did not occur overnight. The city's first round of industrialization was an uneven process that took decades to unfold. This tour tells the story of the making of the 19th century industrial city.

59. An Industrial Revolution? Future Directions For Industrial Archaeology An industrial revolution? Part I Rethinking industrial Archaeology. 1000am“Social workers” New Directions in industrial Archaeology. http://www.art.man.ac.uk/ARTHIST/tag/Indust.htm

An Industrial Revolution? Future Directions for Industrial Archaeology Dr Eleanor Conlin Casella and James Symonds Session sponsored by English Heritage Part I: Re-thinking Industrial Archaeology. . Eleanor Conlin Casella Experiencing Industry: Beyond Machines and the History of Technology . James Symonds Positioning People in the Industrial Past . Marilyn Palmer Publishing and Priority in Industrial Archaeology . David Gwyn Industrial, Later 2nd Millenium, or Production Archaeologies? David Cranstone 11:40am Coffee Part II: The Conservation of Industrial Monuments and Landscapes . Kate Clark . Dan Hicks Industrial Archaeology in Scotland! Strategies of Preservation or Ignorance? Kylie Seretis and John Atkinson Gas and Grain: Networked Landscapes. Managing and representing industrial sites as particular types of cultural landscape . David Worth 1:20pm Lunch Part III Archaeologies of the Factory and Mine Mike Nevell Technological innovation in the early nineteenth-century Irish cotton industry: Overton cotton mills, County Cork, Thomas Cheek Hewes and the origins of the suspension waterwheel . Colin Rynne Archaeology as Political Action: Digging Up the Colorado Coal Field War . Randall H. McGuire Mines, what mines? Evidence of a small scale mining enterprise and attitudes to it over the centuries

60. The New York Review Of Books: ROBOTS & WORKERS Not did the actual number of workers who made cotton yarn and cloth, the most importantproducts affected by the first industrial revolution, decline as a http://www.nybooks.com/articles/5250

@import "/css/default-b.css"; Home Your account Current issue Archives ... NYR Books The New York Review of Books January 16, 1986 Letter By David Slawson , Reply by Roger Draper In response to The Golden Arm (October 24, 1985) To the Editors Roger Draper's argument in The Golden Arm NYR replaces [italics in original] the worker." The distinction he draws does not exist. All increases in productivity replace workers. More goods being produced by the same number of workers is the definition of a productivity increase. Before 1900 between 80 and 90 percent of American workers were farm workers. The percentage is now 3 percent. Hybrids, fertilizers, and farm machinery "replaced" the rest. Productivity increases always offer a choice. Society can choose either greater leisure (using fewer work hours to produce the same number of goods) or more goods. The increased productivity of the American economy over the past century was used partly to provide more leisure. The normal workweek is now forty hours, whereas it used to be sixty-plus. But mostly, we have chosen more goods. Per capita consumption in the United States is now many times what it was a century ago, and we support the world's most expensive military establishment on top of this. The choices which the increased productivity provided by robots will force upon us are likely to be difficult, but not different in kind from the choices increased productivity forced upon us in the past. One difficulty is that only societies which have already reached a certain level of sophistication can make use of them. They are therefore likely to be of no immediate help to the poorer 50 percent of the population of the world. There is nothing unique about robots in this respect. The technology which increased the productivity of the American farmer more than fifty-fold, for example, hardly touched the poorer farmers of the world. Except in certain areas where hybrids have been successfully introduced, farming methods in the underdeveloped countries have scarcely changed at all.

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