61. Country Guide / The Times Of Central Asia rather than silk, had the greatest influence over regional events, since renamedAstana, none of which really helped kazakhstan's image as history of Kazakhs. http://www.times.kg/kazakhstan/?pub=kz005

62. Central Eurasia Suggested Reading a political agreement but a regional economic transformation Still Threatened November1999; kazakhstan Freedom of Indiana, about the political history of the http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/regional/reading.shtml

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis Discussion Forums East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch CENTRAL EURASIA SUGGESTED READING Bibliographies CEP General Resources on Islam, Afghanistan, and Central Asia Gender, Islam: Middle East, Central Asia, Azerbaijan Selected Bibliography of Literature in English Compiled by Anastasia Posadskaya-Vanderbeck The Political Economy of War and Peace in Afghanistan By Barnett Rubin, 1999

63. MFA Of Kazakhstan - to this geographical feature determining the regional military, political The geographicalaxis of history wrote that determine the place of kazakhstan in the http://www.mfa.kz/english/eurasia.htm

Kazakhstan is the Center of Eurasia Kazakhstan is located in the center of Eurasia, a region, which takes a special place on the modern political map. It is equidistant from all the most populated politically and economically important regions - Europe, the Near and Middle East, Southern Asia, the Asian-Pacific region and Russia's developed areas. It happened that due to its geographic and climatic peculiarities, Central Asia connects all these regions and at the same time separates them. All the most easily accessible routes, directly connecting the neighboring areas, cross the region. Therefore, current political, trade, economic and demographic characteristics determine whether the regions can have mutual contacts through the center of Eurasia or they will use their strategic advantages provided by the latter for mutual opposition. "The founders of geopolitical science have already paid their attention to this geographical feature determining the regional military, political and economic peculiarities. Thus, Sir Halford Mackinder in his work "The geographical axis of history" wrote that from the planetary point, Eurasia is located in the world center and in its center lays the "heart of the world". According to Mackinder, the heartland is the focus of the continental masses of Eurasia, as the most suitable base to control the world.

64. ISN - Information Services - Links Library The Integrated regional Information Network (IRIN) is part of the UN Office forthe Information about kazakhstan's economy, history, national and http://www.isn.ethz.ch/linkslib/index.cfm?Parent=343

65. Regional Scholar Exchange Program. Fall 1999 on Formation of National State in kazakhstan. Institute for regional Studies,Bishkek Indiana University 3. Cholpon Turdalieva, history, The Historical http://www.actr.org/rsep/English/1999Fall/rsep/PropList.html

66. Press Release The 3rd Kazakhstan International Tourism & Travels Fair KITF 2003 a dramatised fancy show about the history of Kazakh present the multinational cultureof kazakhstan. National Travel Agencies; regional Travel Agencies; Tourism http://tourkz.com/kitfe2003.htm

Site map Site of the organizer of fair Ask question Press Release The 3rd Kazakhstan International WTO Secretary General to Open the Kazakhstan International Tourism Fair 24-26 April 2003, ATAKENT Business Co-operation Centre, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan From 24 th to 26 th April 2003 the 3 rd The exhibition is to be opened by WTO Secretary General Mr. Francesco Frangialli. For the CIS world of tourism Kazakhstan will become the first country to be officially visited by Mr. Frangialli. The WTO Secretary General will be received by Head of State N. Nazarbayev, Prime Minister I. Tasmagambetov, meetings will also take place with the Secretary of State, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Parliament Senate Chairman, and akims (mayors) of Almaty and Astana. The KITF 2003 Exhibition Opening Ceremony will start with the city's Silk Way fancy-dress parade. More than 1,000 people will take part in the event. The exhibitors and visitors of the exhibition will be able to witness a dramatised fancy show about the history of Kazakh people starting from the Saki epoch. A concert featuring teams of singers and dancers will present the multi-national culture of Kazakhstan. Particular flavour and atmosphere will be created by an aul, a Kazakh village, of white yurtas (nomad's tents) which will be installed on the premises of Atakent Business Co-operation Centre. Upon the traditional band-cutting, the exhibition halls will thrust their doors open before the visitors. The three-day International Tourism Fair KITF 2003 will feature the following sections:

67. Workshop: Library, Municipal and Advanced Technologies to Provvide Information on Local Lore, history andEconomy. Irina Naletova, AS Pushkin Eastern kazakhstan regional Library Ust http://www.gpntb.ru/win/inter-events/crimea2002/eng/prog/Doc33.HTML

and Local Lore Information Workshop: Library, Municipal and Local Lore Information CHAIRS: Irina Mikhnova, Director, “Kievskaya” Centralized Library System, Moscow, Russia Nina Kolesnikova , Director of A. Kh. Steven “Taurica” Scientific Library of the Crimean Republican Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy, Simferopol, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine ORGANIZERs: Tatyana Fedorova, Director, Centralized Library System; A. P. Chekhov City Library, Yalta, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine Irina Mikhnova, Director of “Kievskaya” Centralized Library System, Moscow, Russia June 13, , 15.00-19.20 Consul Auditorium Time for presentations - up to 20 minutes, including questions and answers - up to 5 minutes 1. Municipal Public Libr aries as aò Object of Federal Library Policy Tatyana Manilova , Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia 2. Working with Internet Resources at Municipal Library (the Internet Version of Classical Scheme “Document – User – Librarian – Material and Technical Base”) Irina Mikhnova , “Kievskaya” Centralized Library System, Moscow, Russia 3. The Role of Libraries in Shaping Regional Book Markets

68. Central Asia News.net - News, Finance, Sport, Weather Updating news headlines from Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Access regional newspapers, travel, hotels sites and a map of Central Asia. http://centralasianews.net/

Central Asia News from EurasiaNet The Latest Central Asia Weather AsiaWeek Online The Latest from Football Asia Financial Markets Asian US Global Bloomberg ... Business and Economics World News Hotels Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Mongolia ... Uzbekistan News Links EurasiaNet CNN Central Asia The Times of Central Asia BBC World Service ... Asia Times Sport Asia Sports Cricket Football Hockey ... Golf About Central Asia Map of Central Asia Internet Access Afghanistan Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan ... Uzebkistan Weather Afghanistan Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan ... Uzbekistan Featured Site History of Central Asia Central Asia News Poll Vote for your favourite country in Central Asia Kyrgyzstan Afghanistan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Mongolia Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Turkmenistan Current Results Chatboard Bookmark Contact Us ... editor@centralasianews.net Design by Vulcan Creative Labs

69. Tashkent, Regional Delegation (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) Home Info resources Annual Report 1997, 3105-1998 Annual Report 1997. Tashkent,regional delegation (kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList447/4AC55A5A04E3D3A5C1256B66005B

About the ICRC ICRC Activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Annual Report Annual Report Tashkent, regional delegation (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) As in years past, the Tashkent regional delegation focused on disseminating international humanitarian law and strengthening the operational capacity of the region's National Societies, in addition to providing logistical support for the ICRC operation in Tajikistan. Senior military instructors representing the Ministries of Defence of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan took part in the second international course on the law of armed conflict held in Moscow for CIS countries, while one officer each from the Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and Uzbek armed forces attended the third such course, aimed at legal advisers to the armed forces and organized by the ICRC's delegation in Kyiv [12]. A general from the Kazakh Ministry of Defence attended the first Russian-language course on the law of war held in San Remo, Italy, at the end of the year. To promote awareness of humanitarian law and its incorporation into regular lecture programmes, further contacts were established with academic circles. After talks held with representatives of several universities in all four countries, the ICRC, together with lecturers, started to work on preparing courses on humanitarian law for various faculties; the first such courses were held at the start of the academic year at the law faculties of the Turkmen and Kazakh State Universities. The regional delegation also organized seminars and talks for students at various universities and institutes of higher learning.

70. About kazakhstan has affirmed its role as an important regional player in Central Asia,and it is likely to become the regional lynchpin in the next ten years, due http://www.uskba.net/about_markets.htm

Overview Facts About Kazakhstan History in Brief Geostrategic Importance ... Regional Markets REGIONAL MARKETS We want your input about this site, so please take the time to fill out this brief survey. About Kazakhstan Membership Events Publications ... Online Survey

71. About - History In Brief are a Turkicbased, nomadic people group with a sweeping history that evokes A significantpart of kazakhstan's engagement with the world is found on the paths http://www.uskba.net/about_history.htm

Overview Facts About Kazakhstan History in Brief Geostrategic Importance ... Regional Markets HISTORY IN BRIEF The Kazakhs are a Turkic-based, nomadic people group with a sweeping history that evokes memorable images of ancient civilizations, enduring trade routes, and a struggle to maintain an independent destinyremains steeped in mystery. But what does it mean to be Kazakh? What exactly is the origin of this fiercely independent people, and how have they achieved their current status as one of the most attractive investment options in Asia the world today? The land was known to be occupied by Scythians ("Saks") from the fifth century, B.C. The word "Kazakh" means a free and independent nomad in the ancient Turkic language. By the mid-sixteenth century, this word was clearly used to describe a distinct people living on the steppes of Central Asia. A significant part of Kazakhstan's engagement with the world is found on the paths formed by the Silk Road from the third century B.C. to the 19th century A.D. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, loose collections of clans and tribes formed political unions called Khanates. As the population and livestock holdings grew, disputes led to the formation of separate Hordes, also known as Juzes, or Hundreds. The continuously expanding periphery of Russia's outermost boundaries brought it into constant contact with various peoples on the borderlands. A Russian intervention under Empress Anna Ioannovna, in the years following Peter the Great's rule, brought parts of Kazakhstan under Russian control. By 1848, the last of the three Hordes was subsumed under Russian control, and by 1880, Russian expansion covered all of Central Asia.

72. IREX > Advancing Higher Education > Completed Programs > Caspian Sea Regional Po fields and perspectives, including history, environmental studies Topics includedRegional Stakeholder Analysis in the The Politics of Education in kazakhstan. http://www.irex.org/programs/completed/caspian-sea/index.asp

Search: sitemap Home Higher Education Completed Programs ... United States Caspian Sea Regional Policy Symposium On March 14-17, 2002, IREX-in collaboration with the Kennan Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (WWC) Symposium participants included 10 junior scholars, five senior scholars, as well as members of IREX and WWC staff. Junior scholars were invited to apply for grants to present research papers at this three-day symposium, receive feedback from participating senior scholars, and engage in US policy development discussions. The junior scholars chosen to participate in the Symposium represented a diversity of fields and perspectives, including history, environmental studies, economics, security issues, and energy issues. Topics included Regional Stakeholder Analysis in the Caspian Environment Programme; The Influence of the Nongovernmental Provision of Services on State-Building; and The Politics of Education in Kazakhstan. The five senior scholar participants in the symposium were: Dr. Doug Blum

73. AsiaSource: AsiaEXPERTS - A Resource Of The Asia Society programs, publications, exhibitions, regional centers, membership Specialty(s) Culturalhistory. Central Asia, Afghanistan, kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan http://www.asiasource.org/experts/ax_mp_02_country.cfm?countryid=37

74. Tashkent, Regional Delegation (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) 1Jun-1998 Annual Report 1997. Tashkent, regional delegation (kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). As in years past, the http://www.helpicrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList157/4AC55A5A04E3D3A5C1256B66

About the ICRC ICRC Activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Annual Report Annual Report Tashkent, regional delegation (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) As in years past, the Tashkent regional delegation focused on disseminating international humanitarian law and strengthening the operational capacity of the region's National Societies, in addition to providing logistical support for the ICRC operation in Tajikistan. Senior military instructors representing the Ministries of Defence of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan took part in the second international course on the law of armed conflict held in Moscow for CIS countries, while one officer each from the Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen and Uzbek armed forces attended the third such course, aimed at legal advisers to the armed forces and organized by the ICRC's delegation in Kyiv [12]. A general from the Kazakh Ministry of Defence attended the first Russian-language course on the law of war held in San Remo, Italy, at the end of the year. To promote awareness of humanitarian law and its incorporation into regular lecture programmes, further contacts were established with academic circles. After talks held with representatives of several universities in all four countries, the ICRC, together with lecturers, started to work on preparing courses on humanitarian law for various faculties; the first such courses were held at the start of the academic year at the law faculties of the Turkmen and Kazakh State Universities. The regional delegation also organized seminars and talks for students at various universities and institutes of higher learning.

75. Tashkent Regional Delegation (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) 1Jun-1999 Annual Report 1998. Tashkent regional delegation (kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). The Central Asian http://www.helpicrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList165/8A2949FC995BA0DCC1256B89

About the ICRC ICRC Activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Annual Report Annual Report Tashkent Regional delegation (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) The Central Asian States covered by the Tashkent regional delegation were all severely affected in 1998 by the economic crisis in east Asia, the collapse of the Russian economy, and a sharp fall in the prices of raw materials. The majority of the population experienced increased hardship as the social welfare system continued to disintegrate. In addition, governments in the region were concerned about political and military developments in Afghanistan and had to deal with the problem of Afghan and Tajik refugees. The Tashkent regional delegation continued to pursue the three major goals of disseminating international humanitarian law, strengthening the operational capacity of the region's National Societies, and providing logistic support for the ICRC operation in Tajikistan. Humanitarian law and national legislation The ICRC continued to provide advice and technical support to governments with a view to having international humanitarian law incorporated into national legis-lation. In all four countries covered, the ICRC carried out studies of the new or amended penal codes from the standpoint of humanitarian law and informed the relevant government departments of the results. In Kyrgyzstan, an ICRC report on the state of implementation of humanitarian law in the national legislation of Kyrgyzstan was submitted to the government. Also in 1998, the Kyrgyz government passed a resolution to formally ratify the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. Representatives of the Kyrgyz and Turkmen governments took part in a seminar on the implementation of humanitarian law, organized by the ICRC in Moscow.

76. Frame: Central Asia Regional Office see the Central Asia web sites for the Uzbekistan regional Office, KazakhstanCountry Office An Abridged history of Central Asia (an online book by http://www.eurasia.org/central-asia.html

Central Asia Regional Offices Kazakhstan Country Office, Almaty Kyrgyz Republic Country Office, Bishkek Uzbekistan Regional Office, Tashkent Serving Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan Welcome to Central Asia! Since April 1999, the Foundation has been awarding grants in all five Central Asian republics: Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Foundation grantmaking is carried out in three locations: Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Almaty, Kazakhstan; and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic with branch offices supplying Foundation support in Dushanbe, Tajikistan; and Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. With American directors and a staff of talented local individuals, real change and progress is occurring throughout this important region. To Learn More about the Central Asia Regional Offices ... Visit the newly updated Almaty Regional Office/Kyrgyz Republic Country Office Web site Central Asia Regional Overview Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic Regional Outlook Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan ... Kazakhstan: New Monuments to What? (PDF file) By Jeff Erlich, Regional Director

77. Asian Studies WWW VL Asia-Pacific Global ResourcesCategory Society history By Region Asia...... ELists Register regional, country and subject-orientated mailing lists. E Chineseand Japanese Art history symposia, conferences, grants and other Chinese and http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-AsianStudies.html

The World-Wide Web Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree WWW VL database WWW VL Global Search 9 years of continuous service to the online community; 2,223,000 accesses to this page since the launch on 24 Mar 1994 Expert information services, by the experts, for the experts. 9th Anniversary of the AS WWW VL Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library Established: 24 March 1994. Last updated: 24 Mar 2003 Edited by Dr T.Matthew Ciolek and a team of 44 co-editors of the AS WWW VL Project. Since 14 Jun 2002 Asian Studies WWW VL is a sister site of the History WWW VL (U. Kansas, USA) About the AS WWW VL Project AS WWW VL Timeline Editors of the AS WWW VL Associates of the AS WWW VL ... Register New Resources Asian Studies WWW VL Asia Global Resources Search Asian Studies WWW VL annotated guide to the most useful search engines, incl. specialist Asian Studies search engines Asian Studies WWW Monitor free reviews of new/improved Asian-focus online resources Your email address: Asia-Pacific Library Conferences conferences of interest to librarians and other information managers RSPAS Print News free weekly announcements of new publications of the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, ANU

78. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Kazakstan | History Central Asia's recorded history begins in the 6th century BC, when the Horses, ratherthan silk, had the greatest influence over regional events, since the http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_asia/kazakstan/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Kazakstan History Central Asia's recorded history begins in the 6th century BC, when the Achaemenid Empire of Persia held sway beyond the Amu-Darya River. In 330BC Alexander the Great led his army to victory over the last Achaemenid emperor and by 328 had reached Kabul and the Hindu Kush. The aftermath of Alexander's short-lived Central Asian empire saw an increase in cultural exchange between Europe and Asia. Hellenistic successor states disseminated the aesthetic values of the classical world deep into Asia, while trade bought such goods as the walnut to Europe. No one knows for sure when the miraculously fine, sensuous fabric spun from the cocoon of the Bombyx caterpillar first reached the west from China. Even after the secret of sericulture arrived in the Mediterranean world, Chinese silk producers consistently exercised the advantage of centuries of know-how. The demand for this thread saw unprecedented trade upon what became known as the Silk Road - a shifting web of caravan tracks rather than a single road. For a thousand years after the birth of Christ, Central Asia was the scene of pendulum-like shifts of power between nomadic hordes and the sedentary civilisations of Eurasia's periphery. Horses, rather than silk, had the greatest influence over regional events, since the vast grasslands fed millions of them. Mounted archers were the most potent military force in the region. The Huns, the Western Turks, Arabs and the Chinese all ventured into the region during this period.

79. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Kazakstan | Attractions Central State Museum provides a worthwhile, if patchy, introduction to kazakhstan'shistory and includes Buses run to/from Qaraghandy and other regional centres http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_asia/kazakstan/attractions.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Kazakstan Attractions Almaty This booming city was founded in 1854 as a Russian frontier fort when the Kazaks were still nomads and was capital of Kazakhstan until late 1997. Almaty has become a honeypot to Kazakhstanis and a mixed bunch of foreign traders, diplomats and financiers jockeying for position in the race to carve up Kazakhstan's mineral resources. Sudden exposure to the outside world turned this provincial outpost into Central Asia's most cosmopolitan city with shops, restaurants, hotels and casinos that would make the place unrecognisable to anyone who had been away since 1990. But now that the government has moved the capital to the northern city of Astana (previously known as Aqmola), Almaty's future is uncertain. Almaty is closer to the heart of the Russian railway network and farther from national borders and conflicts in Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Almaty is clean (apart from its air) and easy on the eye, with long straight avenues and low-rise uniform architecture bearing the unmistakable imprint of Russia. The Zailiysky Alatau mountains rise like a wall along Almaty's southern fringe and form a superb backdrop when weather and smog permit. There are lots of parks, space and greenery, and many of the Soviet-era buildings are striking if you look at them individually. That said, there's not a great deal to do in Almaty, which is why, for many travellers, it is little more than a way-station. Highlights include Panfilov Park

80. Iran Apt To Become Key Trade Partner Of Kazakhstan Hassan Habibi's official visit to kazakhstan (on 57 set a milestone in the historyof bilateral provides a suitable opportunity for regional cooperation and http://www.netiran.com/Htdocs/Clippings/FEconomy/980700XXFE01.html

Iran Apt to Become Key Trade Partner of Kazakhstan Iran Commerce Summer 1998, Vol. 5, No. 2 Pages: 31-32 Word Count: 1134 Text: A review of the history of Iranian political, economic and social ties reveals that Iran has always had satisfactory and constructive relations with other nations from all parts of the world. This exhibits the cultural potentials for the linking of civilised nations that have striven to develop their human relations and, today, at threshold of the 21st century, are glancing at prospects beyond their borders with a look of friendship. The following presents an example of such an intellectual outlook expressed by the foreign minister of Kazakhstan and reported by the Iranian press. The importance that Kazakhstan attaches to its ties with countries in the Middle East, especially Iran and Turkey, is not due to its geographical proximity with those countries, but rather to its search for a route to connect the country to international transportation and communication networks. Therefore, such an urgent need has placed Iran and Turkey in the list of developed countries to which Kazakhstan gives top priority in its commercial and economic relations. Our general policy in the Middle East concentrates on economic cooperation with regional states in an effort to find the best and most suitable route to link up with the regional network. The objective that Kazakhstan follows in its mutual ties with Iran and Turkey in the international arena is the consolidation of regional security on the basis of equal rights for all regional countries. International cooperation with Iran and Turkey does not seek hostile stands against any third party.

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