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         Kurdistan Geography:     more detail
  1. Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan (Middle East Studies: History, Politics & Law) by Maria Theresa O'Shea, 2004-03-18
  2. Geography of Kurdistan: Mountains of Kurdistan, Ilam Province, Kulliye, Cheekha Dar, Sinjar Mountains, Mount Korek, Nalishkêne, Mount Taragha
  3. Kurdistan ignored: even by American professional geography textbook writers.(Contemporary World Regional Geography, Second Edition)(World Regional Geography, ... International Journal of Kurdish Studies by M. Koohzad, 2008-01-01
  4. Cartographically constructing Kurdistan within geopolitical and [An article from: Political Geography] by K. Culcasi, 2006-08-01
  5. Geography of Iran: Greater Iran, Iranian Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, Lake Urmia, Caspian Hyrcanian Mixed Forests, Balochistan
  6. Kurdistan: Webster's Timeline History, 538 BC - 2007 by Icon Group International, 2009-02-23
  7. Gendered Experiences of Genocide: Anfal Survivors in Kurdistan-iraq (Voices in Development Management) by Choman Hardi, 2010-11-30
  8. Kurdistan Province
  9. Kurdistan
  10. Into Kurdistan: Frontiers Under Fire by Sheri Laizer, 1991-06-15
  11. The Oral and Written Traditions of Kurdistan (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East) by Amir Hassanpour, 2004-08-28
  12. Demographics of Iran: Iranian peoples, Ethnic minorities in Iran, Iranian Azeris,Iranian Kurdistan, Iranian Arabs, Armenian Iranians,Iranian Georgians, ... List of cities in Iran, Languages of Iran
  13. The Kurds (The Growth and Influence of Islam in the Nations of Asia and Central Asia) by Leeanne Gelletly, 2005-03-15

61. Kurdistan Regional Government Home
sucked his tongue in disdain, and said, Arabistan. Then, looking toward the hills,he murmured, kurdistan, and his eyes lit up. But if geography helps to
http://www.krg.org/docs/articles/kaplan-atlanticmonthly-1987.asp
Wednesday, 9 April 2003 Home Contact
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Sons of Devils
In a turbulent region the stateless Kurds play the role of spoiler

The Atlantic Monthly
Robert D. Kaplan
November 1987
Although there are no trustworthy figures, it is estimated that upwards of 16 million Kurds inhabit an ellipse of territory that is larger than California and that spreads over portions of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, and the Soviet Union. (There is also a Kurdish community about 70,000 strong in Lebanon.) Another influential figure in Mahabad, Mulla Mustafa Barzani, lived in exile in the Soviet Union for more than a decade. Barzani later returned to lead several rebellions in northern Iraq supported covertly this time by the United States, Israel, and Iran. The most serious of these rebellions broke out in March of 1974, when the Iraqi regime had to use tanks and planes to repel Barzani's forces. Following an agreement between Iraq and Iran in 1975, the Shah withdrew his support from the Kurds and the revolt collapsed. The pesh mergas retreated to their caves in the mountains, and Barzani went into exile in the United States, where he died in 1979, in Washington, D.C.

62. IND - Geography
2. geography. The north east of the country comprises the three governoratesof Arbil,Duhok and Sulaimaniya and is also known as kurdistan.
http://www.workpermits.gov.uk/default.asp?PageId=539

63. Face To Face With Kurdistan
Kurdish Sites. kurdistan Web Info Data base. kurdistan Observer News. AdobeLatest on Modern Photography. National geography Science, Nature, ..
http://hem.fyristorg.com/kurdart/link.htm
Ancient Gallery Princess Gallery Art Book "Kurdistan" Sad Gallery ... Rug Museum 25 Generations Genealogy Main Page khasraw@netlimit.com Kurdish Sites Kurdistan Web Kurdistan Observer News Kurdish Tribune News Analyze Kurdish Media News... Kurdish Virtual Library Music.... Kurdish Institute Washington : Info.... Interesting Sites Avesta Zorasteian Directory Adobe Latest on Modern Photography National Geography Science, Nature, .. Britannica Encyclopedia Books Mafi Jen la Kurdavarida (Published March 2000) KURDISTAN Kurdistan in the Shadow of History Satellite TVs Medya TV Kurdistan TV KURDsa t Protest against the construction of Ilisu Dam in Kurdistan

64. 1Up Info > Iraq : History : Early History Through British Influence (Middle East
Related Category Middle Eastern Political geography. flared up when tribes ledby Mustafa alBarzani revolted, demanded an autonomous kurdistan, and gained
http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/I/Iraq-history.html
You are here 1Up Info Encyclopedia Middle Eastern Political Geography Iraq ... News Search 1Up Info
ENCYCLOPEDIA
Middle Eastern Political Geography Iraq Related Category: Middle Eastern Political Geography Iraq or Irak [both: r Pronunciation Key History-
Early History through British Influence
Iraq is a veritable treasure house of antiquities, and recent archaeological excavations have greatly expanded the knowledge of ancient history. Prior to the Arab conquest in the 7th cent. A.D. , Iraq had been the site of a number of flourishing civilizations, including the Sumer , which developed one of the earliest known writing systems, Akkad Babylonia , and Assyria . The capital of the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad in the 8th cent. and the city became a famous center for learning and the arts. Despite fierce resistance, Mesopotamia fell to the Ottoman Turks in the 16th cent. and passed under direct Ottoman administration in the 19th cent. (see Ottoman Empire , when it came to constitute the three Turkish provinces of Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul. At this time the area became of great interest to the European powers, especially the Germans, who wanted to extend the Berlin-Baghdad railroad all the way to the port of Kuwait. Faisal I . With strong reluctance an elected Iraqi assembly agreed in 1924 to a treaty with Great Britain providing for the maintenance of British military bases and for a British right of veto over legislation. By 1926 an Iraqi parliament and administration were governing the country. The treaty of 1930 provided for a 25-year alliance with Britain. The British mandate was terminated in 1932, and Iraq was admitted to the League of Nations.

65. Geography Quiz - 05/23/01
geography Quiz. May 23, 2001 Baluchistan Kyrgyzstan Khalistan kurdistan 2.In an average year, how many people die from natural hazards worldwide?
http://geography.about.com/library/quiz/bl052301.htm
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Geography Quiz
May 23, 2001 First, select your answers to each question. Then press "Get Score" to score your quiz. Good luck! 1. Which of the following is not a stateless nation?
Baluchistan
Kyrgyzstan
Khalistan
Kurdistan
2. In an average year, how many people die from natural hazards worldwide? 3. Which country's primary ethnicity is Shqiptare and main dialects are Gheg and Tosk? Albania Romania Bulgaria Macedonia 4. Which African country does not border the Indian Ocean? Kenya Mozambique Tanzania Angola 5. When were the Gaza Strip and West Bank both occupied by Israel? Score = Correct answers:
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66. Kereshmeh Records -- Kurdistan
The forms of music found in various parts of kurdistan, all known as Kurdish music,vary depending on the climate and geography of the regions as well as their
http://www.kereshmeh.com/kurdistan.html
KURDISTAN The Kurds were originally a group of migratory tribes of herdsmen. In the middle of the 19th century about one third of the Kurdish people were nomadic tent dwellers under Persian and Ottoman rule. After the world war I, the Kurds found their soil divided between the five states of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Russia. The Kurds live today on a long strip of land that runs along the Iran-Iraq border and neighbors the northern border of Syria. The province of Kurdistan in Iran is home to the majority of Iranian Kurds. This province is also known as the region of Ardalan. The capital of Kurdistan is Sanandaj. Parts of Azerbaijan, Mehaband and the province of Kerman are also settled by Kurdish people. The Kurdish language has three main dialects called Zaza Gourani and Kermanji , each of which has different parlances. The Zaza dialect is spoken in the northern regions of Turkey as well as in the province of Azerbaijan in Iran. The Gourani dialect is spoken more in the province of Kermanshah; neither of these dialects has a written form. Spoken by more than half of the Kurds, Kermanji is the most important of the above dialects. It has a written form and is considered the semi official language of the Kurdish people. The Kurds have a solid cultural link to Persia and their language has strong roots in the ancient Persian languages of Pahlavi and Avestan. The Kurdish folklore literature has its sources in the Gathas

67. The School Of Geography At Manchester University-Staff-
DFID kurdistan Regional Development. NERC Wetland Evaporation North KentMarshes. Df EE Key Skills in geography Teaching Numeracy, (Lead site Prof.
http://www.art.man.ac.uk/Geog/staff/ca.htm
@import url(../styles/style.css); School of Geography School of Geography
University of Manchester The School
Geography Research

Postgraduate Studies

Undergraduate Studies
...
Seminars

Geography Staff
Academic/research

School Administrator

School Office

Cartographic Unit
... University of Manchester
Geography Staff
Clive Agnew BSc (Newcastle) Phd (UEA) Professor. Head of School. Research interests: Drought; Desertification; Wetland hydrology; Boundary layer processes; Water resources; Applied climatology. Research Profile: DFID : Kurdistan Regional Development NERC : Wetland Evaporation: North Kent Marshes D.f EE : Key Skills in Geography Teaching: Numeracy, (Lead site Prof. M. Healey, Cheltenham). E.U (IV) SHYLOC (Sytem for Hydrology using Land Observation for Model Calibration). EU Environment and Climate Programme. Current/recent postgraduate students: Jarrah Ahmed . Rainfall harvesting in Jordan. Stephen Daniels . Hydrological responses to upland peat degradation. Helen Gavin . Modelling evaporation rates, North Kent (PhD awarded 2001) Eric Patrick . Rainfall-runoff harvesting in Kenya (PhD awarded 2000) Xuezhu Long . Particulate air pollution in Central London (PhD awarded 1999) Courses taught:
  • Hydrology.

68. VADA - Landen Countries K - L
kurdistan Web Culture KurdWeb Search Mail How can YOU help? English FrancaisDeutsch Turkye Kurmanji Sorani Gorani Culture News History geography
http://www.vada.nl/landenkl.htm

69. Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
name to the Congress for Freedom and Democracy in kurdistan (HADEK) reflecting geography,politics and history have conspired to render 30 million Kurds the
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/pkk.htm
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70. Patriotic Union Of Kurdistan (PUK)
kurdistan WEB a nonlucrative private initiative not related to any political geography,politics and history have conspired to render 30 million Kurds the
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/puk.htm
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Geography, politics and history have conspired to render 30 million Kurds the largest stateless people in the Middle East. In northern Iraq, all central government functions have been performed by local administrators, mainly Kurds, since the Government withdrew its military forces and civilian administrative personnel from the area after the 1991 uprising. A regional parliament and local government administrators were elected in 1992. This parliament last met in May 1995. Discussions among Kurdish and other northern Iraqi political groups continue on the reconvening of parliament, but fighting between the PUK and KDP continue to prevent normal parliamentary activity. In northern Iraq, fighting continued in 1997 between the two main Iraqi Kurdish groups, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). In addition, attacks on civilians by the Turkish Kurd terrorist organization, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), resulted in many deaths, particularly among the vulnerable Assyrian minority and villagers who supported the KDP. Turkish forces entered Iraq several times during the year to combat the PKK. These separate conflicts converged in November, when Turkish air and ground elements joined the KDP to force the PUK and the PKK to return to the established intra-Kurdish ceasefire line. Intra-Kurdish fighting in October and November resulted in the deaths of over 1200 fighters and an undisclosed number of civilians. A ceasefire established on 24 November 1997 ended the fighting for the remainder of the year, albeit with a few sporadic clashes.

71. Reviews Of Kurdistan
The introduction talks about the geography of the region, the social structure and Thechapters cover the recent violence in and around kurdistan (not a country
http://www.karib.us/reviews_of_kurdistan.htm
Home Writing: Articles Books Journalism Editing ... Photo Gallery Reviews of Kurdistan Region
Under Siege
From Bay Views (CA)

The World in Conflict series has the ambitious goal of providing
understanding as a first step to solving conflicts. Bodnarchuk details the
struggle of the Kurds over the centuries to preserve their culture and to achieve an independent homeland. Since Kurdistan is a region crossing the borders of four countries, and since Kurds in each of these nations have differing experiences, their story is a complicated one. The author... provides a thorough, balanced view, delivered without emotionalism. For the serious student who will use the suggestions in the epilogue to learn about the most recent events, this book provides and excellent background on a complex issue. Illustrated with maps and photographs that bring reality to the results of the armed conflict. Good chronology, brief bibliography, detailed index.. Nancy Eager, Independent, January 2001.

72. The Peace Project Of The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
In the light of these facts, the kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), with the The formationof a system appropriate to its geography, social, and cultural structure
http://burn.ucsd.edu/archives/kurd-l/2000.03/msg00002.html
Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index
The Peace Project Of The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
http://burn.ucsd.edu/~ats/

73. Mario's Cyberspace Station: Kurdistan
The objective of the kurdistan Web is to give comprehensive and accurate organizationwhose motto is For Kurdish People Worldwide .geography, politics and
http://mprofaca.cro.net/kurdistan.html
Kurdistan News
Kürt boyutuyla
Irak savaº? Latest News
Kurdistan TV News
MEDYA Kurdish TV
MED-TV
American Kurdish
Information Network
Kurdish Media
Doza Me
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq Partiya Sosyalist a Kurdistan
(Socialist Party of Kurdistan) Kerkuk Kurdistan Kurds: A people divided by borders akaKurdistan Iraq-war with Kurdish dimension Europe's well-connected Kurds BBC, Tuesday, 21 November, 200 The Kurdish question after Ocalan Where are the Kurds? The Kurdish School The Map Gallery of Kurdistan Kirkuk's photos Kurdish Library and Documentation Center Kurdish Library (English) Ozgur Politika On-Line Kurdish Daily (in Turkish) Kurdish Information Network (TANK) American Kurdish Information Network (USA) Inan's Revolutionary Kurdish Resources (UK) Kurdish Human Rights Project (UK) Kurdistan Informations Zentrum-Köln Kurdistan Liberation Kurdistan Report Online BBC TV RealVideo Ocalan's final statement "I reject the accusation of treason. I believe that I am struggling for the unity of the country and freedom. I believe that my struggle was for a democratic republic not against the republic. "I hope that the problem which has grown as a result of historic mistakes will reach a solution. I want this trial to contribute to that. I am repeating my call, the determined promise I made at the onset, for a fair and honorable peace and brotherhood in line with the democratic republic.

74. Back In Iraq 2.0: Greetings From Kurdistan
Iranian border, has agreed in principle to a federal Iraqi government with the regionsbased on geography instead of ethnicity. The kurdistan Democratic Party
http://www.back-to-iraq.com/archives/000270.php
Back In Iraq 2.0
Being a recounting of my journalistic adventures concerning Iraq Main March 10, 2003 Greetings from Kurdistan
The city of Arbil from a fortress on a hill KDP From: Karzan Aziz
To: Christopher Allbritton
Date: Mon Mar 10, 2003 01:23:24 PM EST
Subject: Greetings from Kurdistan
Dear Christopher: How are you dear friend? How are doing? I was thinking about you. I hope this e-mail finds you in a good health. thank you very much for your e-mail. How things are going in NY ? I hope your country all the best. I'm so sorry that I could not reply [to] you soon, but I'm v. busy these days, but any way i tried to reply you the internet line was not working properly. dear friend, concerning your questions... regarding Turkey, we feel that we're betrayed by them. i think you know about the demonstration against the Turks , people have got very worried here because of Turkey. As far as i'm concerned i do believe that turkey will face problems if invaded Kurdistan, as i have met so many people they all repeat the same thing "as we have been fighting against Saddam from many decades, we are ready to fight Turkey some more other decades." i don't feel betrayed by America because you know the coming stage will decide whether we will be betrayed or not. though we, unfortunately, as kurds are used [to] wars but this time is entirely different from ever since people are scared here and they are afraid of chemical or biological war. if you are asking about me i'm just fine, thank you very much, and you asked me whether i have met any journalists or not!!!!! yes i have and i'm working as a translator with some scandinavian journalists and i'm going to be getting a translation-job with a German

75. Error 404
the kurdistan Democratic Party, we only seek federation within a democratic Iraq. .What one official called the lousy hand dealt us by history and geography
http://www.wadinet.de/News/archiv/irakischkurdistan/nw270_kurdsstruggle.htm
Wir haben wadinet erneuert.
Startseite
zu erreichen. Dear Visitor, we have completely renewed the Homepage of WADI, hoping it's new outfit and userfriendly design pleases you. Due to these changes previous links lost their validity. Please go to home to find your requested page. The Webmaster

76. Maps.com - Explore With Maps
Iraq. The PKK changed its name to the kurdistan Freedom and DemocracyCongress (KADEK) in April 2002. geography, Turkey, Top of Page.
http://www.maps.com/explore/factbook/turkey.html
Plan a Trip Explore with Maps Find a Friend Business Solutions
Search Maps.com
Channel Features
Online World Atlas Online Map Center Satellite Images Topozone ... Online Map Games Site Tools Site Map About Maps.com Contact Maps.com Advertise with Maps.com ... Physical Map
Turkey
Introduction Turkey Top of Page Background: Geography Turkey Top of Page Location: southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 35 00 E Map references: Middle East Area: total: 780,580 sq km
water: 9,820 sq km
land: 770,760 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than Texas Land boundaries: total: 2,648 km
border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km Coastline: 7,200 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR
territorial sea: 6 NM in the Aegean Sea; 12 NM in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea

77. IMMIGRATION SOFTWARE - ITA; United States IMMIGRATION MENU - Immigration Assista
the government's counterinsurgency efforts against the separatist kurdistan Workers'Party Revised 13August-1997 HTML Colors; Greece geography Economy, people
http://www.immigration-usa.com/wfb/turkey_defense.html

78. IMMIGRATION SOFTWARE - ITA; United States IMMIGRATION MENU - Immigration Assista
The unprecedented effort by the kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to raise the Revised13August-1997 HTML Colors; Greece geography Economy, people, communications
http://www.immigration-usa.com/wfb/turkey_economy.html

79. International Initiative Freedom For A. Öcalan / Peace In Kurdistan
In the light of these facts the kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), with the The formationof a system appropriate to its geography, social and cultural structure
http://www.freedom-for-ocalan.com/eng/peace project.htm
THE PEACE PROJECT of PKK One of the most beautiful words in all languages is the word peace. The humanity has seen the importance of providing peace at all times, as it is the provision for the development of economic and social prosperity. Especially in the 20th Century, in the social and political arenas peace has taken its place within the values of humanity as the most fundamental moral value. The sufferings throughout the history of humanity and the consciousness and sense of responsibility created by the terrible massacres and destruction of the two world wars in recent history has increased the value of living in peace. The 21st Century, which will have its mark in history as the era of democracy and freedoms, will reach these aims especially through the procurement of peace in all areas. Finding solutions for political and social problems through peace has the capability of producing more meaningful results than any kind of solutions found through warfare. At present the resolutions realised or trying to be realised in the cases of Ireland, Palestine, East Timor and Basque reveals this reality explicitly. The efforts to resolve problems through peaceful political means have increased the tendency to solve similar problems with such approaches. The dominance of peace has become the most fundamental humane and political responsibility in order to give meaning to the bloodshed and pain endured in warfare and clashes and also to induce results for the benefit of humanity from these. Kurdish question, too, has been on the agenda of humanity for a long time as one of the fundamental problems in the world that has not yet been solved.

80. Ancient Babylonia - Geography
Ancient Babylonia geography Mountains surround the East and North sides of theplain, the Zagros chain and kurdistan, and the Syrian and Arabian deserts
http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaGeography.htm
Ancient Babylonia - Geography See Detailed Map
Where is Mesopotamia?
Babylonia was situated in the area known as Mesopotamia (Greek for "between the rivers"). Mesopotamia was in the Near East in roughly the same geographical position as modern Iraq. Two great rivers flowed through this land: the Tigris and the Euphrates. Along these two rivers were many great trading cities such as Ur and Babylon on the Euphrates. Tigris and Euphrates
Babylonia rests on a flat plain with the two large rivers flowing through it, the Tigris and Euphrates . Their course runs from Anatolia and Syria to the Persian Gulf. Mountains surround the East and North sides of the plain, the Zagros chain and Kurdistan, and the Syrian and Arabian deserts guard the west and south.
Climate In the summertime the climate is hot and dry, and the winter is cold and wet. In the spring the Tigris and Euphrates rivers overflow their banks, flooding great portions of the plain. Lots of water and proper control enabled man in ancient times to produce abundant crops, mostly barley and sesame, with abundant grazing land in the lush meadows for the cattle, sheep and goats.
As the hot dry south wind came faithfully the date palm was cultivated and its fruit was ripened. The abundant clay was formed into bricks to build houses and monumental structures, and also provided clay tablets for writing purposes.

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