41. IREX Kyrgyzstan - International Research & Exchanges Board Russian, ABOUT IREX, history, OUR STAFF, NEWS, EMPLOYMENT, CCKG, CI, EIC, IATP,UGRAD, ARC, history. Query © 19992000 IATP Web Group kyrgyzstan. All rightsreserved. http://www.irex.kg/en/general/history/

Civil Society Internet Development Higher Education Independent Media ... ARC HISTORY Query: For questions, please contact: webmaster@irex.kg Contact Information

42. Kyrgyzstan Maps, Pictures, History And More kyrgyzstan. Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassyinfo, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email http://www.worldrover.com/country/kyrgyzstan_main.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Kyrgyzstan Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us if you have any questions or suggestions. Search the Net for: Travel Guides source: CIA World Factbook 1999 Vital Statistics Brief History Embassy Info Travel Guides Search Net: Term Paper Search Net: Travel Free Clip Art w/ Flags! Slash your student loans 53%!! Thanks Uncle Sam!! home ... embassies

43. Kyrgyzstan - Government, History, Population, Geography And Maps Search the Net history; 100% Free Clip Art including world flags and 1000's moreimages and photos! kyrgyzstan source CIA World Factbook 1998, kyrgyzstan. http://www.worldrover.com/vital/kyrgyzstan.html

Search the Net: History 100% Free Clip Art including world flags and 1000's more images and photos! Kyrgyzstan source: CIA World Factbook 1998 Kyrgyzstan Geography [Top of Page] Location: Central Asia, west of China Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 75 00 E Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States Area: total: 198,500 sq km land: 191,300 sq km water: 7,200 sq km slightly smaller than South Dakota Land boundaries: total: 3,878 km border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km Coastline: km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone Terrain: peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation Elevation extremes: lowest point: Kara-Darya 132 m highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m Natural resources: abundant hydroelectric potential; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc Land use: arable land: permanent crops: permanent pastures: forests and woodland: other: 45% (1993 est.)

44. Kyrgyzstan : Arts And Humanities : History kyrgyzstan Arts and Humanities history, kyrgyzstan Arts and Humanities history homepage, kyrgyzstan Arts and Humanities history web, kyrgyzstan http://search.asiaco.com/Kyrgyzstan/Arts_and_Humanities/History/

Home Add Site Change URL NewSites ... Search A S I A C O , T H E A S I A S E A R C H E N G I N E Kyrgyzstan : Arts and Humanities : History Home Kyrgyzstan Arts and Humanities : History Options Help Help Site Map ... Privacy Notices This site is powered by Asiaco Servers

45. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Kyrgyzstan history. In the early 19th century, the southern territory of kyrgyzstan cameunder the control of the Khanate of Kokand, and the territory was formally http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistory.asp?CountryID=191&RegionID=3

46. New Independent States - Kyrgyzstan Area Studies / New Independent States. kyrgyzstan / history and Resources.history. Basic Facts. history Resources. Early history. http://wrc.lingnet.org/kyrgyhis.htm

Area Studies / New Independent States Kyrgyzstan / History and Resources History Basic Facts Early History. The earliest notable residents of what is now Kyrgyzstan were warrior tribes of Saka (also known as Scythians), from about the 6th century BC to the 5th century AD. Alexander the Great met perhaps the stiffest resistance from Saka tribes in his 4th century BC advance through Central Asia. Turkish Rule. The region was under the control of various Turkic alliances from the 6th to 10th centuries, with a sizeable population living on the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul. Kyrgyzstan was the scene of a pivotal battle in 751, when the Turks and their Arab and Tibetan allies drove a large Tang Chinese army out of Central Asia. Ancestors of today's Kyrgyz people probably lived in Siberia's upper Yenisey basin until at least the 10th century, when under the influence of Mongol incursions they began migrating south into the Tian Shan - more urgently with the rise of Jenghiz Khan in the 13th century. Present-day Kyrgyzstan was part of the inheritance of Jenghiz's second son, Chagatai. Mongol Rule.

47. Uzbekistan Travel: Uzbekistan Tour, Uzbekistan Travel Agency Season April to October. Destination Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan. ActivityArcheology/history, Cultural Expeditions, Ecotourism. Duration 23 days. http://www.biztravel.com/TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/Uzbekistan.html

Home Categories Active Adventure Affinity Family Hobby ... Sports Destination Africa Asia Australia Caribbean ... South America Unique Stays Castle Hotel Eco Lodge Resorts Diving Uzbekistan Travel Ethnographic Applied Arts Tour - Turkmenistan -Uzbekistan 2002 Season: March to November Destination: Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Activity: Crafts Tours Cultural Expeditions Duration: 15 days Price: $650 and above Along the Great Silk Road Season: May to September Destination: Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan China Activity: Cultural Expeditions Nature Trips Duration: 17 days Price: $1870 and above Faces of Central Asia Season: May to September Destination: Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Activity: Cultural Expeditions Driving Tours Duration: 17 days Price: $1640 and above Central Asia Trail Season: April to October Destination: Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Activity: Archeology/History Cultural Expeditions Ecotourism Duration: 23 days Price: $3995 and above Moghul Route: From Central Asia to India Season: January to December Destination: Uzbekistan Pakistan India Activity: Cultural Expeditions Archeology/History Art/Architecture Duration: 22 days Price: $4040 and above From Khiva to Almaty Season: January to December Destination: Uzbekistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Activity: Cultural Expeditions Art/Architecture Archeology/History Duration: 15 days Price: $2595 and above Route of the Caravans Season: January to December Destination: Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Activity: Cultural Expeditions Art/Architecture Archeology/History Duration: 17 days Price: $2985 and above Silk Route to Bukhara Season: January to December Destination:

48. Old Cherusker - Homeland Kyrgyzstan -history Language, history and culture of the Kyrghyz people were retained and Kyrghyz autonomusrepublic was founded later 1936 - the Soviet Republic of kyrgyzstan. http://www.alter-cherusker.de/eng/heimat/kg_geschichte.html

germany kyrgyzstan general info population ... travel guide What does the Kyrghyz people say themselves about its history and origin? The more than 1000 years old hero poem "Manas", wich was told from generation to generation, is an encyclopedia of the historical Kyrghyzian life. The writer Tschingis Aitmatow reported in his Manas introduction about the long Kyrghyz history the following: "From those days to that days fluent such as sand, nights passed in unreversible conseqence, the years went into centuries. In this world so many souls stay such as stones on the earth, perhaps even still more. There were good and bad men, heros like mountains, all-knowing geniuses, skillfull masters, innumerable peoples, who disappeared for a long time. Only the names remained... Wich yesterday was, is today no more. In this world only stars walks eternally to its way to the eternal moon. Only the sun ascend in the east, only the earth with black chest remain at their eternal place... In the meantime rocks crumbled to dust, the winds absent-minded dust into without trace distance. Cities were built, on the old walls were estbleshed new walls...From those days to that days the word bored a word, though bored though,thing bored thing, song merged song, the true became an old legend...In this legend we animated the words of our fathers and grandfathers... And the past life develop again before the view of the living persons." The first traces of human activities on the territory of the Tian Shan are 300.000 years old block factory wittness. The oldest block factory wittness were discovered at the river On-Artscha, at lake Issyk-Kul as well as at Ferghana valley.

49. Books / History / Asia / Soviet Republics (former): Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrg Books / history Book / Asia / Soviet Republics (former) Azerbaijan,Kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. http://www.bookmag.com/books/history/100.html

Books History Book Asia / Soviet Republics (former): Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Browse our most popular titlesfrom 1 to 26. Uzbekistan : Heirs to the Silk Road Johannes Kalter (Editor), et al / Hardcover / Published 1997 Read more about this title... The Central Asian States : Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan (Former Soviet States) Read more about this title... Bukhara : The Medieval Achievement (Bibliotheca Iranica. Reprint Series, No. 3) Richard N. Frye / Paperback / Published 1996 The Modern Uzbeks : From the 14th Century to the Present : A Cultural History Book Edward A. Allworth / Paperback / Published 1990 Transcaucasia, Nationalism, and Social Change : Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia Ronald Grigor Suny (Editor), Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian studi / Paperback / Published 1996 Russia and Azerbaijan Tadeusz Swietochowski / Hardcover / Published 1995 Read more about this title... Library Binding / Published 1993 Read more about this title...

50. History Of Kyrgyzstan encyclopaedia of the Kyrgyz history, society, habits and lifestyle of that time.In the 5th century the nomads, inhabiting northern kyrgyzstan, began to http://www.kyrgyzembassyindia.org/history.htm

H istory T T A

51. History Of Kyrgyzstan provided in Part I of Article 20 and in Article 23 of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic«On Foreign Investments in the Republic of kyrgyzstan» (Vedomosti of the http://www.kyrgyzembassyindia.org/foreignInvestment.htm

Law on Foreign Investments in the Kyrgyz republic CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. Basic concepts and terms used in this law Article 2. Priority of Interstate Agreements CHAPTER II. GUARANTEES FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS Article 3. Guarantees of National Treatment, Equitable and Fair Treatment, Full and Constant Protection for Foreign Investors Article 4. Guarantees of Non- Discrimination of Foreign Investors Article 5. Guarantees of Protection from Expropriation of Foreign Investments Article 6. Reimbursement of Losses to Foreign Investors ... Article 10. State Body Effectuating the Attraction of Foreign Investments CHAPTER III. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF FOREIGN INVESTORS Article 11. Economic Autonomy of Foreign Investors Article 12. Formation of Charter Capital Article 13. Observance of the Kyrgyz Republic Laws by Foreign Investors Article 14. Insurance of Foreign Investments CHAPTER IV. FOUNDATION AND REGISTRATION OF LEGAL ENTITIES WITH FOREIGN PARTICIPATION Article 15. Founding Procedure and Registration of Legal Entities with Foreign Participation

52. Kyrgyzstan Yellowpages - History kyrgyzstan Yellowpages The Business Directory of kyrgyzstan. http://asian-yellowpages.virtualave.net/cgi-bin/kgsearch.cgi?category=history

53. The Great Silk Road.History Of Central Asia:Kyrgyzstan What kyrgyzstan lacks in settled history it makes up for in wealth of nomadic traditions,including laidback hospitality and a healthy distrust of authority. http://kyrgyzstan.agava.ru/kyrgyz.htm

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul, adventures, Issyk Kul, Silk Road, the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan,Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul,Silk Road,the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan Abonement Box #1317, Bishkek, 72010, Kyrgyzstan E-mail: support@kyrgyzstan.agava.ru Phone:+996(502) 560-133, fax:+1(253) 669-8627 Home About us Trekking Biking ... Silk Road: History of C.A. Our programs Hunting tours Heli ski tours Rafting (river tours) ... Souvenirs about Kyrgyzstan w KYRGYZSTAN ON THE GREAT SILK ROAD What Kyrgyzstan lacks in settled history it makes up for in wealth of nomadic traditions, including laid-back hospitality and a healthy distrust of authority. What it lacks in development it makes up for determination. What it lacks in historical architecture it more than makes up for in Central Asia's finest mountain 'architecture'- the highest and most dramatic parts of the central Tian Shan and Pamir Alay ranges. Most travellers vote this the most appealing, accessible and welcoming of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. The earliest notable residents of what is now Kyrgyzstan were warrior tribes of Saka (also known as Scythians), from about the 6th century ÷ó to the 5th century AD. Alexander the Great met perhaps the stiffest resistance in his 4th century ÷ó advance through Central Asia from Scythian (Saka) tribes. Rich bronze and gold relics have been recovered from Scythian burial mounds at the Lake Issyk-Kul and in southern Kazakstan.

54. Welcome To Central Asia:The Great Silk Road.History Of Central Asia Abonement Box 1317, Bishkek, 72010, kyrgyzstan. Email support@kyrgyzstan.agava.ruPhone+996(502) 560-133, fax+1(253) 669-8627. w, history OF THE CENTRAL ASIA. http://kyrgyzstan.agava.ru/Silk_his.htm

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul, adventures, Issyk Kul, Silk Road, the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan,Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul,Silk Road,the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan Abonement Box #1317, Bishkek, 72010, Kyrgyzstan E-mail: support@kyrgyzstan.agava.ru Phone:+996(502) 560-133, fax:+1(253) 669-8627 Home About us Trekking Biking ... Silk Road: History of C.A. Our programs Askar Akaev. "The Diplomacy of the Silk Road" Hunting tours Heli ski tours ... Souvenirs about Kyrgyzstan w HISTORY OF THE CENTRAL ASIA In the Middle Paleolithic period, from 100/000 to 35,000 years ago, people in Central Asia were isolated from Europe and elsewhere by ice sheets, seas and swamps. The Homo Sapiens neandertalensis remains found at Aman Kutan cave near Samarkand date roughly to 100,000 to 40,000 years ago, and are the earliest known human remains In Central Asia. Central Asia's recorded history logins in the 6th century B.C., when the large Achemenid Empire of Iran held three satrapies beyond the Amu-Darya (Oxus) river: Sogdiana, Khorezm, Saka. Sogdiana was the land between Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya, called Transoxiana by Greeks and Movarannahr by Arabs. Khorezm lay on the lower reaches of tine Amu-Darya south of the Aral Sea. Saka extending indefinitely over the steppes beyond the Syr-Darya and including the Tian Shan range/ was the home of nomadic warriors.

55. Bishkek Hotels, Bishkek History, Bishkek Information, Bishkek Kyrgyzstan Greetings from Bishkek, kyrgyzstan! Here you will find a handyguide to Bishkek hotels, history, weather, maps and more! http://www.bishkek.com/

Known as Frunze from 1926 to 1991, Bishkek (population 675,000) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan, and the only town in the world named after a wooden plunger - a bishkek is a churn used to make fermented mare's milk. It's a relaxed city of wide streets and handsome houses. Residents like to boast that it has more trees per person than any other Central Asian country. Bishkek is an excellent starting point for the Tian Shan mountains and Lake Issyk-Kul, and for the overland crossing into China via the Torugart Pass. The 4800m (15,744ft) permanently snowcapped ramparts of the Kyrgyz Alatau range loom over the city. Many travelers find Kyrgyzstan the most appealing, accessible and welcoming of the Central Asian republics, particularly as it contains the central Tian Shan and Pamir Alay ranges, Central Asia's finest mountains. Complete Guide to Bishkek Hotels Map of Bishkek UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL Arizona Colorado New Mexico Belize Apache Junction Denver Albuquerque Belize City ... Flagstaff Florida New York Canada Lake Havasu Boynton Beach Bronx Banff / Lake Louise ... Miquelon (France) Scottsdale Golf Fort Pierce Lake Placid England Sun City Hillsboro Beach White Plains London Hotels California Hobe Sound North Carolina Fiji Berkeley Juno Beach Raleigh Taveuni ... Jupiter Island Oregon

56. Kyrgyzstan: Statehood Anniversary Raises Questions About History, Motives mail icon Email this article to a friend kyrgyzstan Statehood AnniversaryRaises Questions About history, Motives. By Charles Carlson. http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/01/23012003173138.asp

Email this article to a friend Kyrgyzstan: Statehood Anniversary Raises Questions About History, Motives By Charles Carlson President Askar Akaev has proclaimed this year as the 2,200th anniversary of Kyrgyz statehood. While some Kyrgyz historians believe ancient Chinese chronicles substantiate that claim, eminent Western scholars are more skeptical. Prague, 23 January 2003 (RFE/RL) Responding to a request by Kyrgyzstan's President Askar Akaev, the UN General Assembly recently adopted a resolution designating 2003 as the 2,200th anniversary of Kyrgyz statehood. The evidence behind Akaev's statehood claim is based on early Chinese chronicles cited by Kyrgyz historians, which posit the existence of a Kyrgyz state as early as the third century B.C. In his book "Kyrgyz Statehood and the Popular Epic 'Manas'," Akaev wrote that in 201 B.C., a Hunnic governor in China subjugated and added to his state the Sovereign Kyrgyz. This means, writes Akaev, that ancient Kyrgyz had a system that was capable of resisting external threats, "a system that corresponds to a state system." The fact that Chinese reports of the Kyrgyz date to the middle of the first century B.C. "shows that the Kyrgyz people gained independence and had created their own state by that time," Akaev writes.

57. History Of Kyrgyzstan The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.eastedge.com/kyrgyzstan/history.html

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58. Kyrgyz Republic: Hystory & Government history and Government of the Kyrgyz Republic. According to the latest data the populationof kyrgyzstan is 4.7 million people, more than 80 ethnic groups are http://www.freenet.kg/kyrgyzstan/state.html

History and Government of the Kyrgyz Republic The Kyrgyz Republic has been a sovereign, independent and democratic state since 1991. It is situated in the north-east of Central Asia and borders with Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Tadjikistan and China. According to the latest data the population of Kyrgyzstan is 4.7 million people, more than 80 ethnic groups are represented here, 58% of the population are Kyrgyz. The main principle of the Kyrgyz people is: "Kyrgyzstan is our common house". The territory of the Republic is 198 thousand square km. Bishkek is the capital of the country. The Kyrgyz Republic has 6 oblasts, 21 cities and towns and more than 40 districts. The indigenous people of the country are Kyrgyz, they are descedants of one of the most ancient inhabitants of Central Asia. The first historical data about Kyrgyz people refer back to 201 A.D. At that time, when the State of nomadic Hunns only began to form, Kyrgyzs lived in the north-west of Mongolia near the lake Kyrgyz-Nur. Later, in the 6-th century A.D. there was a powerful political structure of Kyrgyzs in South Siberia - the State of the Yenisei Kyrgyzs, governed by ajo (khan). The 9-th century was the period of prosperity of the Yenisei Kyrgyz State. They could oppose the army of 80 thousand warriors against their enemy. The historical sources keep the name of one of the Kyrgyz khagans of the 8-th century Bars-Bek. According to some scientists, the most of Kyrgyzs lived in the 9-th century in the east of the contemporary Kyrgyzstan. In the 13-th century the Yenisei Kyrgyzs were conquered by Mongols, it forced Kyrgyz tribes to move to other places.

59. The Celebration Of The 1000th Anniversary Of The Epos Manas Celebration of the 1000th anniversary.Category Regional Asia Arts and Entertainment Literature Manas...... versions of the epos are kept In the manuscriptstock of the National Academy ofSciences of kyrgyzstan. The main and decisive events of the history of Kyrgyz http://www.freenet.kg/kyrgyzstan/manas.html

THE EPOS "MANAS" IS THE UNIQUE MASTERPIECE OF THE WORLD CULTURAL TREASURY The Kyrgyz Republic President's Decree On Preparing And Celebrating The 1000th Anniversary Of The Epos Manas Resolution Of The General Assembly Of The United Nations Organization Each nation makes its own contribution to the world cultural treasury according to the peculiarities and richness of its talants and creative abilities. The Kyrgyz people have enriched the world culture with the unique epos "Manas", which is uncomparable in its volume and rich content. The epos "Manas" is the national pride of the Kyrgyz people, the peak of their spiritual life, which they inherited from their ancestors. The epos "Manas" is often reffered to as "the epos-ocean", because it is as vast as an ocean in its volume and depth of content. It reflects the ancient history of the Kyrgyz people and their social life covering the period of millennium. The epos "Manas" is a genuine epic creation, it reflects not only historic events, but also all sides of human life; social, economic, political situation, struggle for independence, relations with other states. The epos widely depicts the life, goodness and evil, friendship and humanism, love for homeland, care for people's well-being. In this respect, the outstanding Kazakh scientist of 19-th century Ch. Vallkhanov named the epos "Manas" as "Illiad" of steppe (nomadic) tribes.

60. History Of Kyrgyzstan a brief period of independence after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution toppled the empire,the territory of presentday kyrgyzstan was designated Recent history. http://www.samcooljay.8k.com/history.html

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com contact me contact b.o.k. ... LINKS Main Page About B.O.K. Photo Gallery Poetry Of 2Pac ... Message Board ... KYRGYZSTAN Main Page Profile History Osh-89 ... Opinions HISTORY... Early History Mongol Domination Russian Control Historical Background The modern nation of Kyrgyzstan is based on a civilization of nomadic tribes who moved across the eastern and northern sections of present-day Central Asia. In this process, they were dominated by, and intermixed with, a number of other tribes and peoples that have influenced the ultimate character of the Kyrgyz people. Early History Stone implements found in the Tian Shan mountains indicate the presence of human society in what is now Kyrgyzstan as many as 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. The first written records of a Kyrgyz civilization appear in Chinese chronicles beginning about 2000 B.C. The Kyrgyz, a nomadic people, originally inhabited an area of present-day northwestern Mongolia. In the fourth and third centuries B.C., Kyrgyz bands were among the raiders who persistently invaded Chinese territory and stimulated the building of the original Great Wall of China in the third century B.C. The Kyrgyz achieved a reputation as great fighters and traders. In the centuries that followed, some Kyrgyz tribes freed themselves from domination by the Huns by moving northward into the Yenisey and Baikal regions of present-day south-central Siberia.

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