41. LAN-XANG.com: The Music Of Laos > History Of Lao Music In Thailand Consequently writers of music history texts tend to group Asian music with ClassicalGreek for pleasure and open air enjoyment where he had a laosstyle sic http://www.lan-xang.com/music/khene_thailand.html

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com The History of Lao Music in Thailand by Terry E. Miller, Traditional Music of the Lao: Kaen Playing and Mawlum Singing in Northeast Thailand Among the assumptions of many Thai and Westerners is the belief that [ mo lam ] singing is as ancient as the Tai people. His Holiness Pra Moo-nee writes that because there are still Tai people who use a kind of [ khene ] in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces in southern China that [ mo lam ] is at least as old as the alleged original Tai kingdoms there, approximately one thousand years. Many Western scholars believe that Asian music preserves itself through strict tradition allowing little changes if any. Consequently writers of music history texts tend to group Asian music with Classical Greek and Roman music though they may discuss contemporary forms such as Chinese drama and Indonesian gamelan orchestras. As will be demonstrated, Northeastern Thai music has changed dramatically even within living memory, although the rate of change has accelerated during the present century. Ironically the most interesting historical documents regarding Northeast Thai singing come from Central Thailand. It has been mentioned previously that as a result of Siamese invasions of [Vientiane] in the late eighteenth century, and especially in 1827, a significant portion of the population was forcibly deported to Central Thailand especially around [Saraburi], [Lopburi], [Ratburi], and [Prachinburi] provinces north and west of Bangkok. As the Lao spread throughout Central Thailand things Lao became a fad among the Siamese. Not even the royal family could resist the fashion.

42. World Travel Guide - Lao Peoples Democratic Republic [Laos] - History And Govern World Travel Guide Lao Peoples Democratic Republic laos - history Government - includes information on the constitution and politics. http://www.travel-guide.com/data/lao/lao580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/South-EastAsia/LaoPeople'sDemocraticRepublic[Laos]/HistoryandGovernment'; WORLD TRAVEL GUIDE .NET GUIDES World Travel Guide World City Guide World Airport Guide World Cruise Guide ... World Weather TOOLS Holiday Brochures Mini Guide Online Bookstore World Clock ... Reservations APPENDICES How to Use This Guide Health Disabled Travellers Buddhism ... Travel Warnings LANGUAGES Deutsch Dutch Español Français ... Lao Peoples Democratic Republic [Laos] History and Government History: Laos was occupied during the fourth and fifth centuries AD by Chinese people from the north. It was subject to strong Indian influence from the eighth century onwards and adopted Buddhism. For 200 years from the early 11th century, Laos was part of the Khmer Angkor Empire. It was during this period that the Lao people, who originated in Thailand, invaded the area and displaced the previously dominant Chinese. However, there is some evidence that the Mongol empire had some influence over events in the region in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, probably in alliance with the Angkor kingdom. Following the collapse of the Khmer empire, the independent kingdom of Lan Xang, which dates back to 1349, was established as a single entity bounded by Siam (Thailand), China to the north, Vietnam and the Mekong river, occupying roughly the same territory as modern-day Laos. Populated by a mixture of ethnic Laos, Thais and various hill tribes, the Lan Xang empire lasted for three centuries while fighting off successive invasions from Vietnam, Siam (Thailand) and Burma. Internal power struggles in the 18th century were exploited by its neighbours, notably Siam which finally conquered Vientiane in 1779. The city was later destroyed by the Siamese and the remains of Lan Xang absorbed into Siam. The 19th century was a period of political turmoil in which rival powers with shifting alliances fought for control of the territory. The Siamese were the dominant power until the arrival of the French, who had already established a firm grip in neighbouring Vietnam, in the 1870s. Laos then became part of French Indo-China which lasted until the 1950s, with the exception of a brief period of Japanese occupation during World War II.

43. Laos-travel.com / Laos / History history. Laotian Kingdoms. In 1353, after laos had first been ruled by Khmers fromAngkor, then by Thais from Sukhothai, Prince Fa Ngoum founds the Kingdom of http://www.laos-travel.com/laos_history.htm

Home History Laotian Kingdoms In , after Laos had first been ruled by Khmers from Angkor, then by Thais from Sukhothai, Prince Fa Ngoum founds the Kingdom of Laos or "Lane Xang", as it was called at the time, as a sovereign state. It extends over present-day Laos as well parts of what is now North Thailand. The first capital of Laos is Luang Prabang. King Fa Ngoum makes Buddhism the national religion. In the 15th century the Vietnamese temporarily occupy the Laotian Kingdom and Luang Prabang. In the 16th century Vieng Chan (Vientiane) develops into a parallel capital of the Laotian Kingdom. Burma, the dominant power in Southeast Asia in the 16th century, gains strong influence over Vieng Chan. Nevertheless, in 1563 King Setthathirat makes Vieng Chan the official capital of Laos. In the Burmese occupy Vieng Chan and stay for seven years. After two parallel Laotian kingdoms had developed in Luang Prabang and Vieng Chan, they were reunited in under King Nokeo Koumane In Laos breaks up into three kingdoms: Luang Prabang, Vieng Chan and Champassak to the South. After the Siamese capital Ayutthaya had been conquered and sacked by Burmese armies, Laos, in

44. About Laos : History On a per capital basis laos is hence the most heavily bombed nationin history. Especially in Huaphan and Xieng Khouang province http://mekongcenter.com/html/about/abouthistory.htm

History - Lao's Information - Genneral information Culture Lao's People Economic Data Location Stone tool discovered in Huaphan and Luang Prabang province attest the presence of prehistoric man in its stage of hunters and gatherers over the Lao territory since at least 40,000 years ago. Agriculturist seemed to appear during the 4th millennia BC as evidences have been found by archeologists-jar burials and other kinds of sepulchers have revealed a complex society in which Bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC and in iron tools were known since 700 BC the proto historic period characterized by contacts with Chinese and Indian civilizations. As a result between the fourth and eighth century. The stone incription Between the fourth communities along the Mekong River began to from into townships, so-called Muang. This development culminated in the formation of the Lane Xang (million elephants) kingdom in 1353 by king FaNgum and established Xieng Thong now know as Luang Prabang to capital of Lane Xang Kingdom.

45. Laos-history By this time, laos had the dubious distinction of being the most bombed country inthe history of warfare (the USA dropped more bombs on laos between 1964 and http://www.geocities.com/angmoh_2002/laos/laos-history.html

A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY The country has long been occupied by migrating Thai-Kadais (an ethnolinguistic family that includes Shans, Siamese, Lao and many smaller tribes) and by Hmong Mien hill tribes practising slash-and-burn cultivation (as they do to this day). The first Lao meuang (districts or principalities), however, were consolidated in the 13th century following the invasion of South-Western China by Kublai Khan's Mongol hordes. In the mid-14th century a Khmer -sponsored Lao warlord, Fa Ngum, formed his own kingdom, Lan Xang, out of a large coalition of meuangs around the town of Luang Prabang . Although the kingdom prospered in the 14th and 15th centuries, it came under increasing pressure from his neighbors and also suffered from internal divisions. In the 17th century it split up into three warring kingdoms centres on Luang Prabang , Wiend Chan ( Ventiane , the capital city) and Champasak. By the end of the 18th century most of Laos came under Thai suzerainty but there was also pressure from the Vietnamese to pay tribute. Unable or unwilling to serve two masters, the country went to war with

46. WWW Hmong Homepage Collection of resources relating to Hmong history, culture, language, and current events.Category Society Ethnicity Asian Asian-American Hmong American...... Summer 2002 laos AdVenture Study Tour and 2003 Tour Info; AAUW Grants and Fellowships(Oct 26); Summer Hmong history and Culture (Sep 5). HmongRelated News. http://www.hmongnet.org/

WWW Hmong Homepage http://www.hmongnet.org About the WWW Hmong Homepage Home News Current Events ... Publications Current Events and Announcements Summer 2002 Laos AdVenture Study Tour and 2003 Tour Info "A Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down" at Yale University School of Medicine Summer Hmong History and Culture Paj Ntaub Voice Call for Submissions ... Five Senses Show: An Exhibition of Traditional and Modern Hmong and Lao Art Hmong-Related News 070301 Minnesota: Loan program established for Twin Cities Hmong 070101 Wisconsin: Summer program uses sports to make immigrants feel at home 062601 California: Memos put twist on missing Fresnan case (Fresno Bee) 062801 Minnesota: It was Minnesota's biggest day ... 062101 Minnesota: Page Scholarship gives former gang member another chance Special Projects MN Dept. of Children, Families and Learning English-Hmong Dictionary of Special Education MHC Motheread/Fatheread Program Adventure into Laos (Photo Gallery by Peter Whittlesey) Teen Feedback: Questions and Answers about Being Hmong Hmong Textiles Arts at Harding High School Index of the Hmong Studies Journal Jobs ... Instructor in Community Studies/Racial Issues General Information About Hmong People, History and Culture

47. History Of Laos history of laos. Background Notes laos of State. Britannica.com laoshistory A thorough encyclopedic history from Britannica.com. Use http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxlaos.htm

zfp=-1 About History 20th Century History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with 20th Century History with Jennifer Rosenberg Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Major Events Maps People Photographs ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement History of Laos Background Notes: Laos Historical information from the United States Department of State. Britannica.com: Laos History A thorough encyclopedic history from Britannica.com. Use the outline below the article to navigate through the complete text of this extensive encyclopedia entry. Country Study: Laos This comprehensive book-length information from the Library of Congress includes an entire chapter (chapter one) of history of the country. Flags of the World: Laos Information, images, and available history of the current and past flags of the country.

48. Specialists In Tailor Made Diving Holidays To South East Asia: Liveaboard Diving . laos history. landlocked - laos a closely guarded secretfor nearly 20 years. laos - history. laos - history. The country http://www.symbiosis-travel.com/destinations/laos/lhistory.htm

d Borneo Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia New Guinea Philippines Thailand Vietnam Tailor Made Holidays and Small Group Expedition in South East Asia Site Contents About us Enquiries Destinations Mission Statement ... Home Mystical Laos landlocked - laos ... a closely guarded secret for nearly 20 years l a o s - h i s t o r y Laos - History The country has long been occupied by migrating Thais (including Shans, Siamese and Lao) and slash-and-burn Hmong/Mien hill tribes. The first Lao principalities were consolidated in the 13th century following the invasion of south-west China by Kublai Khan's Mongol hordes. In the mid-14th century, a Khmer-sponsored warlord, Fa Ngum, combined a number of scattered principalities around Luang Prabang to form his own kingdom, Lan Xang ('a million elephants'). The kingdom initially prospered, but internal divisions and pressure from neighbours caused it to split in the 17th century into three warring kingdoms centred on Luang Prabang, Wieng Chan (Vientiane) and Champasak. By the end of the 18th century, most of Laos came under Siamese (Thai) suzerainty but the territory was also being pressured by Vietnam. Unable or unwilling to serve two masters, the country went to war with Siam in the 1820s. This disastrous ploy led to all three kingdoms falling under Thai control. By the late 19th century, France had established French Indochina in the Vietnamese provinces of Tonkin and Annam. The Thais eventually ceded all of Laos to the French, who were content to use the territory merely as a buffer between its colonial holdings and Siam.

49. World66.com's Travel Guide To Laos laos history. Asia The first recorded history of the Lao begins withthe unification of laos in 1353 by King Fa Ngum. King Fa http://www.world66.com/Page.Asp?Loc=96&Sec=657

50. Bombies | Bullfrog Films and 1973 the United States conducted a secret air war, dropping over 2 million tonsof bombs and making tiny laos the most heavily bombed country in history. http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/bombie.html

Search tips PRICING / ORDER To order this video select one choice below then click "Add to Order" (You can also use this process to generate an order form for faxing or mailing.) Purchase:* Rent:* Preview * Reduced rates for activists and grassroots groups. Please inquire. Preview Policy License Agreement ORDER INFO Bullfrog Films P.O. Box 149 Oley, PA 19547 Tel: 610/779-8226 Fax: 610/370-1978 Bombies The terrible aftermath of dropping cluster bombs during the secret air war in Laos and the international campaign to ban them. 57 minutes Color Closed Captioned Grade Level: 10-12, College, Adult US Release Date: 2002 ISBN: 1-56029-915-0 Directed by Jack Silberman Produced by Lumiere Productions Inc. in association with CFCF-TV, Vision TV, Knowledge Network, and the Saskatchewan Communications Network, and with the support of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Rogers Documentary Fund, and the Government of Canada through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). "Bombies" is a presentation of the Independent Television Service (ITVS), with funding provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting "The United States' insistence on the use of cluster bombs, designed to kill or maim humans, is condemned almost universally and brings discredit on our nation. Even for the world's only superpower, the ends don't always justify the means." Former President Jimmy Carter

51. History Of Laos history of laos. by Michael Buckley. For much of its history, laoshas been under the thumb of its neighbors – at various times http://www.visit-laos.com/sabbaidee/history.htm

home Laos travel and tourism information. Hotels and tours in Laos "sabbai dee" & welcome before you go where to visit NEAT tourism ... visit-mekong.com - the official website for tourism in the Greater Mekong Subregion - Laos Cambodia Myanmar Thailand ... Vietnam and Yunnan Province of China welcome history nature people ... language History The following following section is written by Michael Buckley and is reproduced with kind permission from the Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos Handbook (second edition) published by Moon Publications Inc. History of Laos b y Michael Buckley The earliest inhabitants of Laos were migrants from southern China. From the 11 th Monarchs of Lan Xang Siamese Satellite Land of the Lotus-Eaters In the late 19 th th century remained in existence, and tribal princes were able to increase their power by collaborating with the French. The French gave the new protectorate the name Laos, from les Laos , the plural term for the people of Laos. During the colonial period, administration, health care, and education hardly made any impact or progress at all. The only significant change for ordinary folk was the presence of obnoxious tax collectors, a frequent cause of uprisings. In the lowlands, revolts were quickly put down, but in the highlands of Xieng Khuang and the Bolovens Plateau, the French had trouble deploying their heavy weaponry. Sometimes a remission of taxes led to pacification. The 50-year French sojourn in Laos came to an abrupt end in March 1945, when the Japanese took control of the government and interned the Vichy French. With the surrender of Japan in August that year, the Lao Issara (Free Laos) movement declared liberation from the French in September, and set about establishing an alternative government. The Lao Issara leader was Prince Phetsarath, a nephew of the king. Other key players in the Lao Issara were his half-brothers, Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Souphanouvong.

52. Laos History Lao People's Democratic Republic Overview history. Human beings beganliving in the present territory of laos more than 10,000 years ago. http://asiavoyage24.com/directories/laos/history.html

Laos History City Luang Prabang Pakse Vientiane Area Select a Price All Rates Under 25 USD 25 - 50 USD 51 - 75 USD 76 - 100 USD 101 - 150 USD 151 - 200 USD Over 200 USD Home Asia Laos Travel Guide Overview Food Transportation Travel Advice Attraction ... Overview History Human beings began living in the present territory of Laos more than 10,000 years ago. Stone tools implements and skulls discovered in Huaphan and Luang Prabang provinces certify the existence of such settlements. The giant jars in Xieng Khouang province and stone columns in Huaphan province date FROM the Neolithic period. As clearly as the last century B.C. humans in Laos used iron to forge their tools. The rural community grouping of people slowly formed INTO muang (townships) between fourth and eight century on both sides of the Mekong River and along its tributaries. In 1349-1357, a movement emerged under the command of King Fa Ngoum, a national hero, to GROUP the muang INTO a unified Lan Xang Kingdom, the capital of which stood at Xiengdong Xiengthong, now known as Luang Prabang. From then on, the Kingdom of Lan xang entered INTO an era of national defense and construction under King Fa Ngoum who first introduced Hinayana Buddhism FROM the Khmer Kingdom INTO Laos, which is still the religion professed by the majority of Lao people.

53. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Laos. Seek info on history and culture in laos. The country laos has longbeen occupied by migrating Thais (including Shans, Siamese http://www.1uptravel.com/international/asia/laos/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Asia Laos ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History The country has long been occupied by migrating Thais (including Shans, Siamese and Lao) and slash-and-burn Hmong/Mien hill tribes. The first Lao principalities were consolidated in the 13th century following the invasion of south-west China by Kublai Khan's Mongol hordes. In the mid-14th century, a Khmer-sponsored warlord, Fa Ngum, combined a number of scattered principalities around Luang Prabang to form his own kingdom, Lan Xang ('a million elephants').

54. LAOS The Secret War for the peoples in laos (and elsewhere in Asia / Indonesia / Africa / Middle East/ South America) than ever before accomplished in the history of mankind, . http://www.angelfire.com/in/Laos/

LAOS : The Secret War "Nyob zoo" .....Welcome The Royal Laos National Flag as proudly flown until 1975 LAOS : Originally known as "Lan Xang" : "Land of the Million Elephants" ASSIGNMENT : Support Secret War in Laos "There are risks and costs to a program of action, but they are far less than the long range risks and costs of comfortable inaction." John F. Kennedy LAOS : Geography Laos is sub-divided into 16 Provinces : Attapu [Attopeu], Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, [ Champassak ], Houa Phan, Khammouan [Khammouane], Louang Namtha [Houa Khong], Louangphabang [ Luang Prabang ], Oudomxai, Phongsali [Phong Saly], Salavan [Saravan], Savannakhet, Viangchan [ Vientiane ], Xaignabouli [Sayaboury], Xekong, Xiangkhoang [Xieng Khouang] The Mekong River , flows from 17,000 ft above sea level, in the Tibetan Plateau, southward through Laos 2,600 miles (4,200 km), to the South China Sea. NOTE : Laos : Big Picture NOTE : U.S. Embassy in Vientiane NOTE : Royal Laos National Anthem NOTE : Laos History , onward from 1353 A.D.

55. Evans Grant Sociology, Laos, History, 1975-, Cultural And Social Anthropology, P Evans Grant Sociology, laos, history, 1975, Cultural And Social Anthropology,Political Anthropology, history - General history, Europe - General. http://www.cleverbook-outlet.com/Evans-Grant-The-Politics-of-Ri-0824820541.html

Evans Grant Sociology, Laos, History, 1975-, Cultural And Social Anthropology, Political Anthropology, History - General History, Europe - General Title: The Politics of Ritual and Remembrance : Laos Since 1975 Subject: Sociology, Laos, History, 1975-, Cultural And Social Anthropology, Political Anthropology, History - General History, Europe - General Subject2 History, Nonfiction, Science Author: Evans Grant Enchi Fumiko, Thomas Roger K... Steinhardt Nancy Shatzman Chi... Heine Steven Shifting Shape, ... Heimann Judith M. The Most Of... ... Home

56. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Laos http//globaledge.msu.edu laos history. laos traces its first recordedhistory and its origins as a unified state to the emergence http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistoryPrint.asp?CountryID=27&RegionID=3

57. Laos Infosite Current news, plus resources for Laotian history and culture http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~kongsab/

The News fast links. Lao Investment Club The Xat Lao Journal Current News Facts Lao Society Picture Galary Store Web Links Rebels Threaten Communists in Laos (dated 7 Aug. 2000) 8 Killed in Laos Plane Crash (dated 20 Oct. 2000) History of Laos Pre Lan Xang (Pre-1353) Kingdom of Lan Xang French Colony Kingdom of Laos Lao PDR (1975 - present) Fresco detail Traditional Lao Music Khen (34KB): The Khen is featured in Lao traditional orchestras, and used as a solo instrument. The khen can be difficult to master because the performer must produce a continuous melody by exhaling and inhaling without catching his or her breath. (847KB): This song is about a middle-aged man's torn fellings - he has his own family and has also fallen in love with a young woman. In the first lam, the man tells the girl that he will remain with his wife and their love cannot be. He wishes her happiness. In the second lam, the man persuades the girl to go with him,and endure a hard life together. Lam Saravane Pheng Sat Niao Hear the music. Get

58. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Laos laos traces its first recorded history and its origins as a unified state to theemergence of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, million elephants ) in 1353. http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistory.asp?CountryID=27&RegionID=3

59. SYMPOSIUM ON LAO HISTORY realities”. 330345pm Break. 345-445pm Panel 6, How do overseasLao impact laos' history? (the alternative is Q A on Lao history). 4 http://www.muanglao.com/schedule.htm

M U A N G L A O 2003 Symposium on Lao History Main Page Agenda Sponsorship Special Corner ... Advisory Planning Committee (Naga. Logo: courtesy Thaksin). AGENDA The symposium will be held at the University of California- Berkeley campus on 3-4 May 2003. Three meeting rooms with VCR projection capability and breakouts have been reserved at Rooms 88, 160, and 155, DWINELLE Building from 8 a.m. - 5p.m. A get-together/ice-breaker/cultural party is also scheduled for the evening of 3 May 2003, at a location to be announced. The agenda of the Symposium shown below is being constantly updated as needed. Paper abstracts and short bio's of speakers are also provided as they become available. Saturday 3 May 2003 Registration, Name labels, Attendance List, etc. Welcome remarks, Introductions of Organizers, Administrative Announcements Speaker 1, Keo Intabon, PhD, Japan, " The Lao: who they are and where did they come from? " Speaker 2, Chaosinh Saysanom, Beaverton, OR, " The Reign of King Jaysethathiraj " (Original version)"

60. Laos Culture And Travel Information - The Official Website the Official Website for the Mekong region. laos culture and travelinformation the Official Website. laos background history. http://www.visit-mekong.com/laos/background/history.htm

Laos culture and travel information - the Official Website history background fast facts laos's jewels getting around ... laos home regional information welcome planning your trip regional transport ewec ... contact us other mekong countries cambodia myanmar thailand vietnam ... yunnan Though archaeologists have discovered stone tools and other artifacts at many sites around Laos that indicate that human settlement in the region dates back as far as 10,000 years, the history of country as it is today truly begins with the first unified kingdom to be established there. Lane Xang - established by the returning prince, Fa Ngoum, in 1349 - brought together the disparate townships that had grown up across the land. Fa Ngoum also installed Theravada Buddhism as the principle religion of the country. From his capital at Luang Prabang, the charismatic king and brilliant tactician spread the power of his rule throughout present-day Laos and into northern and eastern Thailand. Under threat from both Siamese, Burmese and Chinese invaders in the sixteenth century, the capital of the faltering Lane Xang was moved to Vieng Chan (Vientiane) by King Setthathirat in 1560. The Burmese were not to be put off by this tactical move and finally occupied the city in 1575, holding it for seven years and finally bringing an end to the once great Lane Xang. European ambitions in the region, at the end of the nineteenth century, were of serious concern to the Siamese kings for many years. In 1893, to guarantee that the French colonialists would not challenge the country's sovereignty, Siam gave them Laos. The French - soon realising that the colony was not quite the grand acquisition they had hoped, and that the Mekong River's potential as a backdoor trade route into China had been vastly over estimated - made Laos a protectorate and left much of the running of the country to the Lao people.

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