81. The History Of Laos The history of laos. The country has long been occupied by migrating Thais (includingShans, Siamese and Lao) and slashand-burn Hmong/Mien hill tribes. http://www.tuvy.com/Laos/the_history_of_laos.htm

Home About Books Authors ... Recipe The History of Laos The country has long been occupied by migrating Thais (including Shans, Siamese and Lao) and slash-and-burn Hmong/Mien hill tribes. The first Lao principalities were consolidated in the 13th century following the invasion of south-west China by Kublai Khan's Mongol hordes. In the mid-14th century, a Khmer-sponsored warlord, Fa Ngum, combined a number of scattered principalities around Luang Prabang to form his own kingdom, Lan Xang ('a million elephants'). The kingdom initially prospered, but internal divisions and pressure from neighbours caused it to split in the 17th century into three warring kingdoms centred on Luang Prabang, Wieng Chan (Vientiane) and Champasak. By the end of the 18th century, most of Laos came under Siamese (Thai) suzerainty but the territory was also being pressured by Vietnam. Unable or unwilling to serve two masters, the country went to war with Siam in the 1820s. This disastrous ploy led to all three kingdoms falling under Thai control. By the late 19th century, France had established French Indochina in the Vietnamese provinces of Tonkin and Annam. The Thais eventually ceded all of Laos to the French, who were content to use the territory merely as a buffer between its colonial holdings and Siam. During WWII, the Japanese occupied Indochina and a Lao resistance group, Lao Issara, was formed to prevent the return of the French. Independence was achieved in 1953 but conflict persisted between royalist, neutralist and communist factions. The USA began bombing North Vietnamese troops on the Ho Chi Minh Trail in eastern Laos in 1964, escalating conflict between the royalist Vientiane government and the communist Pathet Lao who fought alongside the North Vietnamese. By the time a ceasefire was negotiated in 1973, Laos had the dubious distinction of being the most bombed country in the history of warfare.

82. Columbia News ::: Family History, War In Laos Spur Research Of CC Graduate Family history, War in laos Spur Research of CC Graduate. By James Devitt.John Vang. With multiple fellowships and a year at the London http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/01/05/ogs_johnVang.html

the Public Affairs and Record Home Page Current News News Archive Video Briefs Video Forums ... Home Page Family History, War in Laos Spur Research of CC Graduate By James Devitt John Vang With multiple fellowships and a year at the London School of Economics under his belt, the future of John Vang, CC'01, is bright. He graduates this spring with a degree in history. But it is his family and past that intrigues him. The son of Laotian refugees, Vang is one of the Hmong, an ethnic minority that allied with the United States during the Indochina wars in the 1960s and 1970s. Residing in the mountains of northern Laos, where the North Vietnamese built their supply line during the Vietnam War, the Hmong suffered a disproportionate share of casualties during the conflict. Forced to flee Laos following the Communist takeover in the mid-1970s, Vang's parents eventually settled in Milwaukee, where Vang was born. Today, there are approximately 250,000 Hmong living in the United States. Vang said historians have not adequately explored the actions and motivations of the United States' secret war in Laos during the Vietnam conflict and in particular, the activities of the Hmong, which is the topic of Vang's thesis. His research is supported by the Edwin Robbins Award for Historical Research, which is administered by the history department. "Much of the history of the war in Laos has been written by journalists and former soldiers," said Vang. "While many of the perspectives are perhaps sympathetically slanted to favor the Hmong and the U.S., these accounts don't effectively explore why the Hmong allied with the Americans."

83. 4. Laos. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History Since 1945, the political history of laos reflected the struggle of various Laotianand foreign groups to create a national entity where none had previously http://www.bartleby.com/67/4093.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History b. Mainland Southeast Asia 4. Laos ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. 4. Laos

84. 3. Laos And Cambodia. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History The Encyclopedia of World history. 2001. 3. laos and Cambodia. (See1790). 1826–27. The Anu Rebellion was suppressed by the Bangkok http://www.bartleby.com/67/1409.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History a. Mainland Southeast Asia 3. Laos and Cambodia ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. 3. Laos and Cambodia

85. Vietnam: A Television History (Cambodia And Laos And Peace Is At Hand) Vietnam A Television history (Cambodia and laos and Peace is at Hand),$29.95. Series American Experience Grade level Grade 7+ Closed http://main.wgbh.org/wgbh/shop/products/wg071.html

Vietnam: A Television History (Cambodia and Laos and Peace is at Hand) document.writeln(""); Series: American Experience Grade level: Grade 7+ Closed captioned In stock items ship within 48 hours 2 hrs. (VHS) Home video and educational use America's involvement in Vietnam began in 1961 by aiding guerrillas fighting the Communists and continued through the Khmer Rouge Communist victory in 1975 and is explained in Cambodia and Laos. In Peace is at Hand, American and Vietnamese soldiers continued to clash in battle, while diplomats in Paris argued about making peace. Includes: Cambodia and Laos American involvement in these countries began in 1961, when President John Kennedy sent in teams of U.S. Special Forces to aid guerrillas against the Laotian communists and their North Vietnamese allies, and continued through the resultant 1975 communist Khmer Rouge victory in Cambodia. When the Khmer Rouge defeated the American-backed government of Lon Nol in 1975, an estimated two million peasant refugees faced starvation, terror and eventually slaughter. Peace is at Hand (1968 - 1973) While American and Vietnamese soldiers continued to clash in battle, diplomats in Paris argued about making peace. After more than four years, they reached an accord that proved to be a preface to further bloodshed.

86. History Of Laos And Laotians history of laos and Laotians. Main Index Post Message Archived PostsTo Reply to a post, click one of the listed Topics. Otherwise http://www.satjadham.org/forums/laohistory/

87. Travel In Pakse - Laos - Asia - History - WorldTravelGate.net®- WorldTravelGate.net®Information about Pakse,laos,Asia,history,Gallery,Photos,Restaurants,Hotels,CarRental,Rentals,Campings,Travel Agencies.! Pakse - history. http://www.asiatravelling.net/laos/pakse/pakse_history.htm

Pakse - History P akse is situated at the confluence of the Se River and the Mekong (Pakse means 'mouth of the Se'), surrounded by mountains It is the capital of Champasak Province. The Champasak area has a long history that began with Khmer occupation during the Funan and Chenla empires between the 1 st and 9 th centuries A.D. From the 10 th to 13 th centuries Champasak was part of the Angkor Empire. It broke away from the Lan Xang kingdom in the 18 th century. The city of Pakse was built by the French early this century. During the colonial days, French used Pakse as its colonial administrative centre. Nowadays, it is the second largest town in Laos and a busy trading town. Pakse is the most important town of South Laos. It is an important railroad junction and river port. The city is a distribution point for products, such as cardamom, tea, and cinchona, cultivated in the nearby Bolovens Plateau. Click To Go Back

88. Laos Yellowpages - History laos Yellowpages The Business Directory of laos. http://asian-yellowpages.virtualave.net/cgi-bin/lasearch.cgi?category=history

89. A History Of Laos Science A history of laos Science. Title A history of laos Subject ScienceAuthor StuartFox Martin Reynolds, Graham British Portr http://www.books-index.com/Stuart-Fox-Martin/A-History-of-Laos-0521592356.html

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90. History Of Laos - Section And Holiday Planner IndoChina touring tips more, est. 1997. laos Hotels.French Colonial Villa's Riverside Pensions Modern Hotels. http://www.thaifocus.com/Laos/hotels.htm

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91. A Short History Of Laos, The Land In Between (Select Books) all Categories, history Geography history (General) A Short history ofLaos, The Land in Between by Grant, Evans. Price US$19.15 (S$33.51*) http://www.selectbooks.com.sg/titles/28578.htm

A Short History of Laos, The Land in Between by Grant, Evans Price: US$19.15 (S$33.51*) Region: Laos Format: Paperback, 251 pages Published: 2002, Australia, 1st Edition ISBN: SB#: About This Book Laos, perhaps the least known country in mainland Southeast Asia, stands at the region's crossroads. This small 'land in between' is surrounded by China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Burma countries which, in pre-modern times, provided Lao kings with a field for territorial expansion. But more often, Laos has been a bridge between these powerful neighbors, and an arena which they and their allies have interfered. Here, Grant Evans bring Lao history vividly into focus. From ancient times when the dynastic states of the region waxed and waned, to the 20th century and the turmoil of independence from France and the Vietnam War and its aftermath, Evans traces the compelling story of the emergence of Laos as a modern nation. * Actual charges are made in Singapore Dollars (S$). S$1.00 = US$0.57

92. Asiaco - Asia Search Engine A laos search engine and internet directory. http://laos.asiaco.com/

Home Add Site Change URL NewSites ... Search A S I A C O , T H E A S I A S E A R C H E N G I N E Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei ... Vietnam Asia Map Click the map to search for specific destination. Large Map Options Help Help ... Privacy Notices This site is powered by Asiaco Servers

93. TRAVEL LEISURE TOURS HOTELS RESORTS LAOS Traveler's overview. http://asiatravel.com/laosinfo.html

Map of Laos Laos Visa Requirement LAOS AT A GLANCE Official Name : State of LAO P.D.R. : Head of State : Head of Government : Official Language : Land Area : Population : Currency : GDP per Capita : Main Exports : Main Imports : Exports : Imports : Lao People's Democratic Republic People's Democratic State President Nouhak PHOUMSAVANH Minister Khamtay SIPHANDONE Lao 236,800 square kilometres Kip US$350 (1994-1995) Electricity, timber and wood products, garments and texties, coffee, tin, Petroleum, machinery and raw materials, vehicles, cement, iron, fabrics US$209.40 (1994-1995) US$375.40 (1994-1995) The Lao People's Democratic Republic is located in South East Asia at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula between latitude 14-23 degrees north and longitude 100108 degrees east. Laos has an eastern border of 1,957 km with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, a western border of 1,730 km with the Kingdom of Thailand, a southern border of 492 km with the Kingdom of Cambodia a northern border of 416 km with the People's Republic of China and a North Western border of 230 km with the Union of Myanmar. Total area of Laos is 236,800 square kilometres, three quarters of which is mountainous and forest-covered 40 % while the country is rich in natural resources, such as mineral deposits, including 1 billion tons of high quality iron are between 60-70%, lead, gold, tin and 8200-8232 calorie/gram coal. Although the Lao P.D.R. has no direct access to the sea, it has the Mekong River which is the main river of the country flowing north to south. In addition, there are many branch rivers which nourish agriculture. Laos people use it as a power source which supplies hydro-electric of over 18,000 MW from 57 dams.

94. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo NATIONAL SECURITY. Introduction; Chapter 1. Historical Setting EARLY HISTORYPower Centers in the The Hold of Siam; The Eviction of Siam; laos Under the French. http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html

LAOS - A Country Study Search Laos Include word variants Use only words as entered. LAOS Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

95. CIA - The World Factbook 2002 -- Laos Demographic and statistical information on laos from the CIA. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/la.html

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96. Laos Travel Hotels & Sightseeing Tours laos Travel, Hotels, Sightseeing Tours Reservation Services. Travel Guide to laos PDR and Mekong River. http://www.indochinatour.com/laos/info.html

Laos Travel, Hotels, Sightseeing Tours Reservation Services How to get There LAOS INFORMATION Location and area The Lao's People Democratic Republic is located in Indochina, between latitude 14-23 degrees North and longitude 100-108 degrees East. It has common borders with China (505km), Cambodia (435km), and Vietnam (2,069km). Lao PDR is 236,800 square km, the major part being moutainous and forested. The country is divided into three geographical areas: the Northern, the Central, and the Southern areas. The Mekong river flows through 1,865 km of Lao PDR territory and forms the major portion of the border with Thailand (1,835 km). 60% of the water entering this major river system originates in Lao PDR. The three highest "phu" (mountains) are all located in Xieng Khuang province. The highest is Phu Bia (2,820 km), then Phu Xao (2,690 km), and Phu Xamxum with 2,620 m. Population Lao PDR has a population of 4,474,000 inhabitants (projected 1993) comprising over 47 different ethnic groups, such as Hmong, Khmer, Yao, A'kha, Ikoh, Lu etc. Each tribe has its own distinctive customs, dialects and costumes. These minorities can be classified into three groups: 56% in Lao Lum (Lowlanders), 34% in Lao Theung (uplanders), and 9% Lao Soung (hill tribes) The population density is 19.0 persons per square km, with a life expectancy of 50.9 years, and an adult literacy of 50% in 1992.

97. Journeys Stories and photos from journeys around Europe and Southeast Asia. Iceland, Italy, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, laos. http://journeys.20m.com

Cheap Web Site Hosting Slovenšèina JOURNEYS Travelogues, photos, useful information and everything else about travel. Best travel tools: Visit my homecountry: Journeys Exciting travel stories from around the world. Photo gallery Exotic places, friendly people and colorful events captured on film. Travel Jokes Traveling can be fun. Real fun. Travel Quotes For those who travel with heart and soul. Presentations Sights and sounds live. Check out the presentations schedule. Useful Travel Links The best that Word Wide Web can offer to a traveler. How to Contact Me I would love to hear from you. Site Map In a hurry? Pages edited by Daniel Klobuèar , last updated November 9, 2002 Texts and photos (c) 1999 - 2002 Daniel Klobuèar. All rights reserved. malaysia, singapore, bali, thailand, al khaida, al kheida, singapore airlines, singapore girl, bali bombings, new york city, 911, september 11, travelogue, travel story, air travel train travel, europe, paris, london, milan, rome, italy, sicily, florence, firenze, pizza, pasta, portugal, porto, lisbon, oxford, nightlife, entertainment, music, concerts, orchid, cheap, discount, special price, offer, reduction, student travel, backpacking, hitchhiking, scotland, edinburgh festival, ryan air

98. Laos WWW Virtual Library Virtual reference center on laos and the Laotian people provides cultural, political, business, and travel links. Find statistics and newsgroups. http://www.global.lao.net/laoVL.html

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99. AII POW-MIA A massive POWMIA Archive featuring news, reports, email news network, documents, daily monthly updates, military, government research links, testimony on Vietnam, laos, Cambodia, Korea - Cold War, World War II, Russia, China and Iraq. http://www.aiipowmia.com/

100. Jaydee Voyages Organisateur de voyages en petits groupes (moins de 9 personnes) en Tha¯lande et au laos. http://www.jaydeetour.com/

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