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         Lebanon History:     more books (100)
  1. A History of Modern Lebanon by Fawwaz Traboulsi, 2007-01-20
  2. Shi'ite Lebanon: Transnational Religion and the Making of National Identities (History and Society of the Modern Middle East) by Roschanack Shaery-Eisenlohr, 2008-06-10
  3. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon by Ussama Makdisi, 2000-07-03
  4. A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered by Kamal Salibi, 1990-10-12
  5. Mirror of the Arab World: Lebanon in Conflict by Sandra Mackey, 2009-03-16
  6. Civil and Uncivil Violence in Lebanon: A History of the Internationalization of Communal Conflict (History and Society of the Modern Middle East) by Samir Khalaf, 2004-10
  7. Lebanon: Fire and Embers : A History of the Lebanese Civil War by Dilip Hiro, 1993-07
  8. History of the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: Biographical and genealogical by William Henry Egle, 1977
  9. A short history of Lebanon by Philip Khuri Hitti, 1965-01-01
  10. The Jews Of Lebanon: Between Coexistence And Conflict by Kirsten E. Schulze, 2009-01-20
  11. Hezbollah: A Short History (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics) by Augustus Richard Norton, 2009-01-19
  12. History of the Counties of Berks and Lebanon; Containing a Brief Account of the Indians Who Inhabited This Region of Country, and the Numerous by Israel Daniel Rupp, 2010-10-14
  13. Lessons in Post-War Reconstruction: Case Studies from Lebanon in the Aftermath of the 2006 War (Planning, History and Environment Series)
  14. The New Face of Lebanon: History's Revenge (Princeton Series on the Middle East) by William W. Harris, 2005-12-31

1. Lebanon History
History of Lebanon. Click here to visit our sponsor.
http://www.countryreports.org/history/lebahist.htm
History of Lebanon History Home Page CountryReports.org Shop our Online Store! Discuss World Issues! ... The Sarkis Administration, 1976-82 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Libya Madagascar Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan

2. About Lebanon
Lebanon. Lebanon Economy. Lebanon Defense. Lebanon Geography.Lebanon Government. lebanon history. Lebanon People.
http://www.countryreports.org/lebanon.htm
Lebanon
Lebanon Economy
Lebanon Defense Lebanon Geography Lebanon Government ... Shop our Online Store! Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Arctic Ocean Aruba Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, Democratic Rep. Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Gaza Strip Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Holy See (Vatican City)

3. Lebanon: History
lebanon history. INTRODUCTION 1. Political situation 2. Economy 3.Health Education 4. Religions Peoples 5. History, It is assumed
http://i-cias.com/e.o/lebanon_5.htm
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Lebanon: History

INTRODUCTION

Political situation

Economy

History
It is assumed that the region of Lebanon has been inhabited for more than 200,000 years.
Around 3000- 2500 BCE: First traces of settlements of the Phoenicians . Whether these immigrated, or were the native population of the Lebanese coast, is not all too clear. The Phoenicians were traders, involved in international trade between the Middle Eastern hinterland, and countries around the Mediterranean. They were also transmitters of culture, new inventions, alphabet, money and more. These were often believed to have been the product of the Phoenician culture, but in many cases they had their origin in Babylonia . The Phoenicians did not establish larger kingdoms, but limited their states to single cities that accepted compromises with stronger neighbours, and paying for peace and freedom so that they had freedom to trade.
Around 2000 BCE: Invasion by the Amorites, coming from the east.

4. Lebanon : Art And Culture
surname queries, and more. lebanon history Covering early history,the Ottoman period, and modern times. LebNet's Resource Center;
http://i-cias.com/leb_art.htm

Front Page
Lebanon : Art and Culture
Search external sources here

5. Lebanon Soccer History
Soccer in lebanon history and present situation. When Lebanon hosted an Asian qualifying tournament for the 1994 World
http://www.geocities.com/lebanonsport/LebanonHistory.htm

6. Profile Of Lebanon: History
Its proximity to the sea has ensured that throughout its history Lebanonhas held an important position as a trading center. This
http://www.lebanonembassyus.org/country_lebanon/history.html
Table of Contents Overview The National Anthem Statistical Data The Economy ... Kids Only
History
Lebanon has a heritage almost as old as the earliest evidence of mankind. Its geographic position as a crossroads linking the Mediterranean Basin with the great Asian hinterland has conferred on it a cosmopolitan character and a multicultural legacy. Lebanon has an Arab culture colored by Western influences.
At different periods of its history, Lebanon has come under the domination of foreign rulers, including Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Ottomans. Although often conquered, the Lebanese take pride in their rebellions against despotic and repressive rulers. Moreover, despite foreign domination, Lebanon's mountainous terrain has provided it with a certain protective isolation, enabling it to survive with an identity all its own.
Its proximity to the sea has ensured that throughout its history Lebanon has held an important position as a trading center. This tradition of commerce began with the Phoenicians and continued through many centuries, remaining almost unaffected by foreign rule and the worst periods of internal strife.
The many civilizations have left their traces and markings in numerous cities:
Aanjar
Baalbek Beirut
Beiteddine
... Zahle
Aanjar
Baalbek

The Baalbeck temples were officially closed in 313 A.D., when Byzantine Emperor Constantine officially closed them. Since then these monuments have gone through many transformations, falling under Arab domination, and the Omayyad, Abbasid, Toulounid, Fatimid and Ayyoubid dynasties. It was sacked by the Mongols in 1260, but later has enjoyed a period of calm and prosperity.

7. Lebanon History Timeline
Timeline of Key Events in Lebanon by David Johnson, 1945, Lebanon receivesits independence from France Top. 1948, Israel declared a state.
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/lebanontime1.html

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You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Timeline of Key Events in Lebanon by David Johnson
Lebanon receives its independence from France Top Israel declared a state. Palestinian refugees begin arriving in Lebanon. Palestinians operating from Lebanon attack Israel , provoking periodic retaliation. Fighting breaks out between Palestinian commandos and Lebanese army over Lebanese threats to curb Palestinian activities in Lebanon. Top Lebanon erupts in civil war between Christians Muslims , and Palestinians Syrian troops enter Lebanon to stop the civil war. First Israeli invasion in response to attacks from PLO and other groups operating within Lebanon. Second Israeli invasion.

8. IExplore - Lebanon History, IExplore Lebanon Travel - Travel Lebanon
GUARANTEED! lebanon history of Lebanon A big part of Lebanon's allureis its rich history. Many civilizations—Phoenician, Amorite
http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Lebanon/History
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9. Lebanon History
The City of Lebanon, Ohio Official Internet Site
http://www.ci.lebanon.oh.us/history.htm
Quick Navigation Cable TV Geographic IS Electricity Internet Service Telephone Water Service City Council Fire Division Police Division IT Department Contact Us Feedback Form Newsletter Projects Events Employment Lebanon History Home Select destination...
A little history...
Settled by early pioneers after the American Revolution, Lebanon saw its first cabins in the 1790s. In 1802, a surveyor laid out the community with Broadway and Main Streets intersecting at the center of town. Broadway was to be "six poles wide" to ensure that a six-horse stage could turn completely around in front of the tavern. The town was then divided into 100 lots of 50 rods each, with the four center lots to remain reserved for public lands. Lebanon flourished as stagecoaches rumbled through her streets bearing travelers and settlers from the East. In 1805, the first courthouse and jail were built by public subscription, and in 1807, John McLean began publishing Ohio's oldest weekly newspaper, The Western Star. One of the earliest influences on the Lebanon area came from a religious sect known as the Shakers. Although their community, Union Village, was sold over half a century ago, local interest still exists in their culture and buildings, which form the nucleus of the present day Otterbein Retirement Community.

10. Politics In Lebanon: History Of The Political Parties
Hunchak Party in Lebanon has advocated a planned economy and a just distributionof national income. In 1972, for the first time in its history, the Hunchak
http://www.rimbaud.freeserve.co.uk/lebanon_pol.htm
Politics in Lebanon
History of the Political Parties
Introduction
Amal

Hizballah

Independent Nasserite Movement
...
Multisectarian Parties

Introduction Historically, political parties in Lebanon have lacked traits common to parties in most Western democracies. Lebanese parties often have had no ideology, have devised no programs, and have made little effort at transcending sectarian support. In fact, despite their claims, most parties have been thinly disguised political machines for a particular confession or, more often, a specific zaim . Although nondescript, broad titles have been applied, such as National Bloc Party or Progressive Socialist Party. With the exception of a handful of left-wing movements, most parties have been the organizational personification of a few powerful politicians. Even Kamal Jumblatt (also seen as Junblatt), the most ideologically oriented of the zuama , derived his constituents' support principally because he was a Druze leader, not because of his political beliefs. For this reason, any one party could count on only a few votes in the Chamber of Deputies. This situation brought about a continuous stream of coalitions, each often created to represent a point of view on a particular issue. In this system, leaders could not even rely on the support of their coreligionists; in fact, some of the most severe acrimony has been intrasectarian. Nonetheless, in the face of challenges to fundamental issuessuch as the six-to-five formula or the pan-Arab questionthe various confessionally based parties generally closed ranks.

11. Lebanon History
LEBANON. Traditionally and historically a part of Syria, Lebanon's ancient citiesof Tyre, Tripoli, and Sidon were key centers of the Phoenician empire.
http://www.nationbynation.com/Lebanon/History1.html
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BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT
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BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... LEBANON Traditionally and historically a part of Syria, Lebanon's ancient cities of Tyre, Tripoli, and Sidon were key centers of the Phoenician empire. Later, the country was divided among many Christian sects, Druze, and Moslems. The region was strongly dominated by France from the late 18th century and after the first World War, France received Lebanon and Syria as a mandate from the League of Nations. Though Lebanon became a republic in 1926, full independence was not achieved until 1944. Between 1944 and the early 1970s, Lebanon enjoyed a comfortable prosperity based on international banking and trade. This period came to a close as the Palestinians began to use Lebanese territory from which to stage attacks on Israel. In 1975, civil war broke out between Christians against Moslems and the Palestinians joining in against the Maronite Christians. Thousands died and much of the formerly cosmopolitan Beirut was left in ruins. In 1981, Christian militiamen fought Syrian troops and all the others combatants joined in. Israel placed itself in the position of supporting the Christian militiamen and in 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon to force the PLO out. In fact, the PLO did withdraw from Beirut. In response to the assassination of the newly-elected Christian President Bashir Gemayel, Israeli forces occupied the Moslem areas of west Beirut. The civil war continued, embroiling US personnel as attacks were made on the US embassy and military installations. (The US soldiers killed were part of an international force sent in to Lebanon as part of a cease-fire enforcement plan). Over 240 Marines were killed in one attack. In June 1985, Israel withdrew to a so-called security zone in the south of the country. It took another 5 years for the civil war to completely wind down it had cost Lebanon some 150,000 dead and had left the economy in shambles. In the spring of 2000, Israel completed its withdrawal from the southern security zone. It remains to be seen how Lebanon will juggle the conflicting demands of the Palestinians, the Hizbollah faction, the Syrians, and the Israelis, who have warned Lebanon that the country will be held responsible if terrorist activities resume at the Lebanese-Israeli border.

12. Tripoli, Lebanon History Page 1 Of 2
metropolis. Known as the capital of the North, Tripoli is Lebanon'ssecond largest city. Forty years. TRIPOLI IN HISTORY. Habitation
http://www.tripolirestaurant.com/lebanon.htm
Tripoli (Trablus), a 85 kilometers north of Beirut, has a special character all its own. Thanks to its historical wealth, relaxed lifestyle and thriving business climate, this is a city where modern and medieval blend easily into a lively and hospitable metropolis. Known as the capital of the North, Tripoli is Lebanon's second largest city. Forty-five buildings in the city, many dating from the 14th century have been registered as historical sites. Twelve mosques from Mamluke and Ottoman times have survived along with an equal number of madrassas or theological schools. Secular buildings include the hammam or bathing-house, which followed the classical pattern of Roman-Byzantine baths, and the or caravansary. The souks, together with the an agglomeration of various trades where tailors, jewelers, perfumers, tanners and soap-makers work in surroundings that have changed very little over the last 500 years. TRIPOLI IN HISTORY Habitation of the site of Tripoli goes back to at least the 14th century B.C., but it wasn't until about the 9th century B.C. that the Phoenicians established a small trading station there. Later, under the Persians, it was home to a confederation of the Phoenician city states of Sidon, Tyre and Arados Island. Built on the trade and invasion route near the Abu Ali River, Tripoli's strategic position was enhanced by offshore islands, natural ports and access to the interior. Under the successors of Alexander the Great during the Hellenistic period, Tripoli was used as a naval shipyard. There is also evidence that it enjoyed a period of autonomy at the end of Seleucid era.

13. Tripoli, Lebanon History Page 2 Of 2
9. Khanqah. This unique building in Lebanon was constructed during thesecond half of the 15th century to house Muslim mystics or Sufis.
http://www.tripolirestaurant.com/lebanon2.htm
4. Taynal Mosque This important mosque was built in 1336 by Saif ed-Din Taynal on the site of a ruined Crusader Carmelite church. The adjoining domed mausoleum holds the tomb of the founder. Some elements of the original structure were re-used in the mosque, for example, the two Tows of granite columns with late Roman capitals which stand in the middle of the first prayer hall. The entrance of the second prayer hall is a unique example of the architectural decoration in Tripoli during the Mamluke era. 5. Al-Muallaq Mosque The name means "hanging mosque," possibly because it is on the second floor. This small mosque, built in the middle of the 16th century, has a plain whitewashed interior with steps leading down to an attractive courtyard garden. The minaret is octagonal and unadorned. . 6. Burtasiyat Madrassa-Mosque The beautiful Burtasiyat Madrassa-Mosque was built during the first quarter of the 14th century A.D. This domed structure has a square minaret erected above the entrance arch and is ornamented with double windows which have black and white stone arches. The dark stone portal is decorated with stalactites and the mihrab is covered with an ornate golden mosaic. 7. Al-Qartiwiyat Madrassa

14. Lebanon History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, C
lebanon history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics
http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/lebanon/lebanon_history_index.html

  • Country Ranks
    Lebanon History Index
    http://workmall.com/wfb2001/lebanon/lebanon_history_index.html
    Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies
    • History Introduction
    • Historical Setting
      • ANCIENT TIMES
        NOTE: The information regarding Lebanon on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Lebanon History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Lebanon History should be addressed to the Library of Congress.

      Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - -
      Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated.
      Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/lebanon/lebanon_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis
  • 15. Lebanon History Timeline
    Timeline of Key Events in Lebanon by David Johnson, 1945, Lebanon receivesits independence from France Top. 1948, Israel declared a state.
    http://www.factmonster.com/spot/lebanontime1.html
    Timeline of Key Events in Lebanon
    by David Johnson
    Lebanon receives its independence from France Top Israel declared a state. Palestinian refugees begin arriving in Lebanon. Palestinians operating from Lebanon attack Israel , provoking periodic retaliation. Fighting breaks out between Palestinian commandos and Lebanese army over Lebanese threats to curb Palestinian activities in Lebanon. Top Lebanon erupts in civil war between Christians Muslims , and Palestinians Syrian troops enter Lebanon to stop the civil war. First Israeli invasion in response to attacks from PLO and other groups operating within Lebanon. Second Israeli invasion. Multinational peacekeeping force including U.S. troops arrives in Beirut Top 260 U.S. Marines and 60 French soldiers killed when a truck filled with military explosives was driven into their compound. Israel withdraws from most of Lebanon, and establishes a buffer zone in the south. With Syrian help the Lebanese government reestablishes control over much of the country.
    May 2000
    With the occupation increasingly controversial at home, Israel withdraws from the buffer zone. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan wants to increase the number of U.N.

    16. Lebanon History At HistoryBooks.biz
    History of Lebanon Shop online and save on a huge selection of LebaneseHistory Books at HistoryBooks.biz. lebanon history. Fateful
    http://www.historybooks.biz/Middle_East/Lebanon.htm
    Africa Americas Ancient Asia ... Military History Books Home Africa Americas Ancient ...
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    Fateful Triangle : The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians (South End Press Classics Series)
    by Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (Foreword)
    (Paperback October 1999)
    The Ottoman Kitchen: Modern Recipes from Turkey, Greece, the Balkans, Lebanon, and Syria

    by Sarah Woodward, Jan Baldwin (Photographer) (Hardcover October 2001) A House of Many Mansions : The History of Lebanon Reconsidered by Kamal Salibi (Paperback November 1990) Hezbollah by Hala Jaber (Hardcover May 15, 1997) The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967-1976 by Farid El Khazen (Hardcover April 14, 2000) Recipes and Remembrances from an Eastern Mediterranean Kitchen: A Culinary Journey through Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan by Sonia Uvezian (Hardcover September 2001) Patriot Dreams: The Murder of Colonel Rich Higgins, USMC by Robin Higgins, et al (Hardcover October 2000) The Root : The Marines in Beirut, August 1982-February 1984

    17. Links To Lebanon - Government History Economy - Libanon Liban Líbano Libano
    Lebanese Web Pages. About Lebanon Advice and Hints New Links. lebanon historyoverview, Inco. Information about Lebanon. New web guide Lebanon.
    http://www.arab.de/lebanon.htm
    Lebanon Country Profile Lebanon History
    Recommend it!
    More Sites related to Lebanon? Search on ARAB! Lebanon Information and Links
    Lebanon online Lebanon Art - J. Matar, the painter, the artist and the poet. Lebanon Art is an on-line gallery Tourist Information, News and Links to Lebanon Lebanon online ressources Related Homepages to Lebanon Lebanese Web Pages About Lebanon Advice and Hints New Links Lebanon history overview, Inco Information about Lebanon New web guide Lebanon Lebanon - People, Government, Economy ABC Interactive Factbook Lebanon Lebanon - World Lebanese National Congress Lebanon - People, education, culture ArabNet, Lebanon Lebanese page with many links Al-Mashriq: the Levant - Lebanon Information about Lebanon General Information on Lebanon J. Abdoul Jabara Lebanon Student activities in Lebanon The American University of Beirut Links to Lebanon and Arabic sites Tariq Zabian Lebanon Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de

    18. Lebanon History,Cultural,Politics,Social,Sports,War,Economy,Terrorism
    The online demo version of a history CD. Offers articles about events which took place and personalities Category Regional Middle East Business and Economy Shopping......One Hundred years of lebanon history. The One Hundred years LebanonHistory One after the other but different from one another. This
    http://www.tawarikh.com/
    EXPLORE TAWARIKH SHOPPING ONLINE CONTACT HELP ... BIOGRAPHIES SEARCH TAWARIKH
    Keywords, Names,
    Dates (mm/dd/yyyy)... One Hundred years Lebanon History
    One after the other but different from one another. This is how the events of this century are. They are cultural, political, or sports related. They are gathered, discovered sorted out, read, livedsocial, and consulted over and over again.
    3200 articles, over 1000 pictures, animations and videos makeup a 100 years of Lebanon's history on a CD that is easy to use by each and every member of your family.
    Clearly a century where nothing is left in the dark.
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    Ships within 24 hours Tawarikh (Lebanon History) CD-ROM Previews
    (use the left menu to navigate trough the CD-ROM) AN ITALIAN BONBARDMENTS ON BEIRUT
    Two battleship cruisers, the "Guiseppe Guaribaldi" and the "Francesco Ferrucio", blocked the entrance of the port of Beirut. The population went to the pier to help the Ottoman marines. More...

    19. Profile Of Lebanon: History
    Beirut’s history dates back over 5,000 years. After World War I there wasa French mandate period, and in 1943 Lebanon gained its independence.
    http://www.lebanonembassy.net/travel_lebanon/attraction/attra.htm
    Attrations
    Aanjar
    Baalbek Beirut
    Beiteddine
    ... Zahle
    Aanjar

    Altitude: 930 m
    Distance from Beirut: 56km
    Getting there: From Beirut, take the Damascus Road. Upon reaching the Bekaa Valley, there is a sign-post to the left 10 km after Chtoura. The ruins can be seen from the main road. Aanjar is a relatively new civilization compared to what is found at other historic sites in Lebanon. It is exclusively one period, that of the Umayyads, which goes back to the eighth century A.D. The Umayyads were the first hereditary dynasty of Islam. They are credited with the Arab conquest that created an Islamic empire stretching from the Indus Valley to Southern France. The empire prospered for about 100 years, until its rivals, the Abbasids, took advantage of the Umayyad¡¯s decadence and defeated them two miles from the city
    Baalbek
    Altitude: 1050 m
    Distance from Beirut: 86km Getting there: Take the main international Damascus Highway winding up Lebanon's mountains, pass villages like Aley, Bhamdoun, Sofar, Dahr el-Baidar, Chtoura, Zahle, Riyak and then to Baalbek.

    20. Profile Of Lebanon: History
    The summary for this Korean page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set.
    http://www.lebanonembassy.net/kr/travel_lebanon/attraction/attra.htm
    Attrations
    Aanjar
    Baalbek Beirut
    Beiteddine
    ... Zahle
    ¾ÈÀÚ¸£(Aanjar)

    °¡´Â ¹æ¹ý: º£ÀÌ·çÆ®¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¶½ºÄ¿½º·Î(Damascus Road)¸¦ Ÿ°í °¡´Ù º£Ä« °è°î(Bekka Valley)¿¡ À̸£¸é, ½´Åõ¶ó(Chtoura)¸¦ Áö³ª 10kmÂë µÇ´Â °÷ ¿ÞÂÊ Æí¿¡ Ç©¸»ÀÌ ¼­ ÀÖ´Ù. µµ·Î À§ Â÷ ¾È¿¡¼­µµ À¯ÀûµéÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ. ¾ÈÀÚ¸£(Aanjar)´Â ·¹¹Ù³íÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿ª»ç À¯ÀûÁöµé°ú ´Þ¸®, ºñ±³Àû ±Ù´ë ¹®¸íÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀº µµ½·Î, ´Ù¸§ ¾Æ´Ñ, ±â¿ø 8¼¼±â°æ ¿ì¸¶¾ßµå(Umayyads) ¿ÕÁ¶ ½´ë¿¡ ¼¼¿öÁø µµ½ÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸¶¾ßµå´Â À̽½¶÷(ȸ±³)À» À̾î¹ÞÀº ÖÊÀÇ ¿ÕÁ¶ÀÌ¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ, Àδõ½º °è°îÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³²ºÎ ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡±îÁö »¸¾î ÀÖ¾ú´ø À̽½¶÷ Á¦±¹À» °Ç¼³ÇÑ ¾Æ¶øÀÇ Á¤º¹ ¿ÕÁ¶¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸¶¾ßµå Á¦±¹Àº 100¿©³â°£ ¹ø¿µÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾úÀ¸³ª, ¾Æ¹Ù½µå(Abbasids)°¡ ¿ì¸¶¾ßµå Á¦±¹ÀÇ ¼èÅ𸦠ƴŸ ¾ÈÀÚ¸£¿¡¼­ 2¸¶ÀÏ °¡·® ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸¶¾ßµå¸¦ °ÝÆĽŴÀ¸·Î½á ¸ê¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù.
    ¹Ù¾Ëº£Å©(Baalbek)
    °¡´Â ¹æ¹ý: ·¹¹Ù³íÀÇ »êµéÀº ÈÖ°¨°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¶½ºÄ¿½º ±¹Á¦°í¼Óµµ·Î(Main International Damascus Highway)¸¦ Ÿ°í °¡´Ù º¸¸é ¾Ë¸®(Aley), ¹ãµÐ(Bhamboun), ¼ÒÈ­¸£(Sofar), ´Ù¸£ ¿¤¹ÙÀÌ´Ù¸£(Dahr el-Baidar), ½´Åõ¶ó(Chtoura), ÀÚÈ긮(Zahle), ¸®¾à(Riyak)°ú °°Àº ¸¶À»µéÀ» Áö³ª ¹Ù¾Ëº£Å©(Baalbek)¿¡ À̸£°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹Ù¾Ëº£Å©(Baalbek) ¹Ù¾Ëº£Å©¶õ ¸íĪÀº ¹Ù¾Ë-º£Å©(Baal-Bek), ¶Ç´Â ¹Ù¾Ë(Baal - ¿¾ Æä´ÏÅ°¾ÆÀÇ ½Å)½¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÇöÀç±îÁöµµ ÀÌ Áö¿ªÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

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