41. Society And Culture (See chapter 12 Part 2 libya reference) Category Regional Africa libya Society and culture http//westwood.fortunecity.com/susileib/60/petecon.htm. http://www.ad.com/Regional/Africa/Libya/Society_and_Culture/

search Top Categories: History Personal Pages Religion Coming to Conclusions The Autobiography of Peter Tristan Stuart by Gene C. McCoy. (See chapter 12 Part 2 Libya reference) Category: Regional > Africa > Libya > Society and Culture http://westwood.fortunecity.com/susileib/60/petecon.htm Ethnologue: Libya Languages of Libya Category: Regional > Africa > Libya > Society and Culture http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Libya General Union of Students of the Great Libyan Jamahiriya Photo album, search engines and contact info. Category: Regional > Africa > Libya > Society and Culture http://www.gusplaj.org/ Holidays - Libya Holidays and festivals, Libya Category: Regional > Africa > Libya > Society and Culture http://www.holidayfestival.com/Libya.html Human Rights Violations in Libya Documenting international condemnation of the Gaddafi regime on human rights violations in Libya Category: Regional > Africa > Libya > Society and Culture http://sijill.tripod.com/ Libya Amazigh Category: Regional > Africa > Libya > Society and Culture http://www.libyamazigh.org/

42. Libya Art & Culture My libya An informative site about libya the country, people, cultureand government. It also has pictures, sport page and food recipes. http://www.arabinfoseek.com/libya_art_&_culture.htm

General Info Art Culture Arab Diaspora ... Libyana - Libyan culture. The easel of Musbah Alkabir Housing the work of painters Musbah Alkabir, Adnan Maetig and others. Libyana Libya Amazigh My Libya An informative site about Libya the country, people, culture and government. It also has pictures, sport page and food recipes. Jamahiriya Official information site of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Libyan American Friendship Association A non-profit organization formed by concerned citizens of both nations to help build a bridge of communication between the Libyan and American People. African Mathaba The living philosophy of Colonel Muammar Qadhafi - The Third Universal Theory set forth in his work 'The Green Book', his latest news, views and his other philosophical writings. Cultural Sites of Libya Khaleefa al-Fakhri [Mausim al-Hikayat] stories Yousef al-Ghwairi and Khaleefa al-Tikbali stories Rafeek, al-Rkae'i, al-Osta Omar, al-Fakeeh and Ghnaba

43. Libya: History And Culture libya History and culture http://library.louisville.edu/government/international/libya/libyahistory.html

Libya: History and Culture Libyan History (in Libya - A Country Study) Operation El Dorando Canyon, March 1986 (Military Analysis Network, FAS) Other Related Information: History Other Related Information: Libya ... Back to International Information Comments to Barbara Whitener, GovPubs Webmaster URL:http://library.louisville.edu/ekstrom/govpubs/international/libya/libyahistory.html

44. Culture Home • News • culture • Direct Democracy • History • ReligionPictures • Visit libya • www.Qadhafi.Org • Links • Contact Us. http://www.qadhafi.org/Libya/Culture.html

...:::No Democracy Without Popular Conferences And Committees Everywhere:::... Search This Site The Web Get a Free Search Engine for Your Web Site Education In The Great Jamahiriya Archaeological Sites In The Great Jamahiriya ... Contact Us Site established and maintained by Eurasian Alliance greenbook2001@yahoo.com

45. The Country And People Of Libya General country information and links.Category Regional Africa libya Guides and Directories...... The Last Jews of libya By and for the entire community of Jews of libyalibyan Amazigh libya's Amazigh culture, language and history. http://www.hejleh.com/countries/libya.html

Special Arab Files This page contains links to sites in Libya and Libya related sites. For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries Libya History At various times in its history the territory that is now Libya was occupied by Carthage, Rome, Arabia, Morocco, Egypt, and Spain. It was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1911, serving in the 18th cent. as a base for pirates who, in return for immunity, provided large revenues to the local ruler. Libya was seized by Italy in 1911, but Libyan resistance continued until the 1930s. During World War II, as an Italian colony, it was one of the main battlegrounds of N Africa (see North Africa, campaigns in), passing under an Anglo-French military government when the Axis was defeated in the area in 1943. In accordance with a UN decision, in 1951 the country became independent as the United Kingdom of Libya, with King Idris I as ruler. Idris was ousted in 1969 in a coup d'etat led by Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi, who established an anti-Western dictatorship. British and American bases were closed in 1970, and unification was sought, unsuccessfully, with several other Arab countries. An implacable foe of Israel, Qaddafi used Libya's vast oil wealth to create an extensive social welfare system and to help support the Palestinian guerrilla movement, particularly radical elements. In 1979 Libya intervened in Uganda to help keep Idi Amin in power, and in 1981 it dispatched troops into neighboring Chad (Libya had occupied the disputed Aozou Strip, in N Chad, in 1973), withdrawing most of them later that year. Qaddafi's forces continued to take sides in Chadian fighting, eventually occupying much of N Chad, but they were pushed back somewhat in 1987. In 1990 the dispute over the Aozou Strip was submitted to the International Court of Justice.

46. TradeXport - Africa - Libya - Culture 36,736 sites/1,913 categories /64 visitors this month, http://216.54.220.4/Dir/Africa/Libya/Culture/Index.cfm

36,736 sites/1,913 categories /91 visitors this month Wednesday, 09 April 2003 Country Map Business Guide Africa Libya : Culture

47. Art & Culture Sources - Libya www.MiddleEastNews.com. Middle East News World Report. www.MiddleEastNews.com.Art culture Sources libya. libyana. Be a sponsor! click here SPONSOR http://www.middleeastnews.com/libyaart.html

www.MiddleEastNews.com www.MiddleEastNews.com Libyana Be a sponsor! click here SPONSOR Main Page Customer Service Newstips ... About us Always reload your Browser! Report technical difficulties to: Technical@MiddleEastNews.com Return to top

48. Republic Of Turkey, Ministry Of Culture - Libya History Ottoman Empire Ottoman Architectural Works Outside Turkey libya. Home.Atatürk. Ottoman Empire. Holy Lands. Ministry of culture Computer Center 2002. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/portal/tarih_en.asp?belgeno=1397

49. Teaching Jobs GEN / Web Directory / Africa / libya / Society and culture (76). My libya Aninformative site about the country, its people, culture, and government. http://dirs.globalesl.net/cat/265611/

Alert: JavaScript Disabled! You must have both JavaScript and Cookies enabled in order to use the Teaching Jobs web site. Please enable these and click here to continue.

50. Global Direct Africa Libya Misurata Culture of your product or service......Africa · libya · Misurata · culture Choose, click and get served!Global Direct. Subcategory, http://gd.golfplayersclub.com/Africa/Libya/Misurata/Culture/

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51. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents - Libya Page libya. culture. Arab Net is a fine resource for information on the culture oflibya. And here are some references for the culture and History of libya. http://www.traveldocs.com/ly/culture.htm

Libya CULTURE Arab Net is a fine resource for information on the Culture of Libya In additon this private page has awealth of material pertaining to History, Arts and Literature and more. And here are some references for the Culture and History of Libya. To Country Main Page To TDS Home Page Travel Document Systems Washington DC Office 925 Fifteenth Street N.W. Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20005 Voice: 1-800-874-5100 Local: 202-638-3800 Fax: 202-638-4674 support@traveldocs.com San Francisco Office One Embarcadero Center Suite 500 San Francisco CA 94111 Voice: 1-888-874-5100 Local: 415-773-2829 Fax: 415-773-2834 sfo@traveldocs.com

52. VIRUS FREE POTATOES BY TISSUE CULTURE IN LIBYA Symposium on Plant Biotechnology and its Contribution to Plant Development, Multiplicationand Improvement VIRUS FREE POTATOES BY TISSUE culture IN libya. http://www.actahort.org/books/289/289_6.htm

Acta Horticulturae Home Login ... Search ISHS Acta Horticulturae 289: International Symposium on Plant Biotechnology and its Contribution to Plant Development, Multiplication and Improvement VIRUS FREE POTATOES BY TISSUE CULTURE IN LIBYA Authors: M. Aburkhes, N. Fahmi, A. Benhmeda, M. Naffati, A. Ziglam Abstract: A tissue culture experiment was carried out in Tripoli, Libya using the potato variety Mirka. The meristem-tip aseptically isolated on a modified Murashige and Skoog (M.S.) medium. Callus and multiple shoots were produced. Nodal cuttings were propagated from the shoots using M. S. basic medium. A number of produced plantlets were transferred to the soil. All plantlets tested using indicator plants were virus-free. Full Text (PDF format, 232883 bytes) Full Text e-mail service Citation Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free software to read PDF files) URL www.actahort.org Hosted by K.U.Leuven ISHS

53. IWon - Travel Guide - History & Culture 5 iWon 6 Travel 3 Africa 3 libya History culture, Powered by. 3 , Destination libya. 3 , Getting There, Getting Around. 3 , History culture. http://www.iwon.com/travel/travelguide/history/0,20310,Africa-451,00.html

iWon Travel Africa Libya Powered by HISTORY and CULTURE History Culture History The Romans invaded Tripolitania (the region around Tripoli) in 106 BC, and by 64 BC, Julius Caesar's legions had completed the occupation. As a Roman province, Libya was prosperous, reaching a golden age in the 2nd century AD. The three principal Roman cities of Sabratha, Oea and Leptis Magna provided the empire with grain, oil and a supply of slaves and exotic goods from sub-Saharan Africa. The decline of the Roman Empire saw the classical cities fall into ruin, a process hastened by the Vandals' destructive sweep though northern Africa in the 5th century AD. When the Byzantines took over in the 6th century, efforts were made to strengthen the old cities, but it was only a last gasp before they collapsed into disuse. Only Oea, which survives today as Tripoli, the nation's capital, remains a living city. The Arab invasion of the 7th century brought Islam to the country, where it remains firmly entrenched to this day. Arab rule was culturally fruitful, and many examples of early Islamic architecture remain, especially in the oases of the south. The Arabs ruled Libya until the Turks conquered the country in the mid-16th century, administrating it through a succession of locally appointed rulers who levied a toll on every Christian fleet using the Mediterranean. Following the Napoleonic wars, European powers began to colonise northern Africa, and the Turks hastened to strengthen their control of Libya. Their last North African possession, Libya was taken from the Turks by Italy in that country's last-minute bid for colonies in Africa. The ensuing colonial period proved devastating for native Libyans, as the large-scale 'Italianisation' of the country saw half of the indigenous population either exiled or exterminated between 1911 and the end of WWII. The crowning insult came with being a theatre of war in which were laid huge minefields, some of which remain.

54. IWon - Travel Guide - History & Culture by. HISTORY and culture History culture. History. south. Northerners alsolost the Aouzou Strip on the northern border to libya during WW2. http://www.iwon.com/travel/travelguide/history/0,20310,Africa-370,00.html

iWon Travel Africa Chad Powered by HISTORY and CULTURE History Culture History 2500 years ago Lac Chad was about as big as present-day Greece and Yugoslavia combined. The climate was much wetter and wild animals were abundant. In the debilitating 1984 drought, it was possible to walk across it, and today, in the far north of the country, in the expanse of desert that was once lake and shore, archaeologists have uncovered a rich range of fossils and rock engravings made by hunters. These hunters began raising cattle in settlements which later became walled cities. These Sao people developed the 'lost wax' method of bronze sculpture and were experts at pottery. Before the the 9th century, people moved to the region from the Nile Valley, intermarrying with the Sao and eventually overwhelming them. The state of Kanem was founded in the region, and lasted 1000 years. Over the next 300 years, increased trade in salt, slaves, copper and gold brought traders from the Mediterranean and the lower Nile. By 1200, Islam was the dominant religion. The kingdom expanded on the backs of slaves, becoming known as Kanem-Bornu, and held the mantle of 'empire' by the 17th century. In 1812 the empire collapsed when the Fulani people raided the capital. At the same time, two other slave-trading Arab kingdoms had sprung up, controlling the trade routes and raiding the southern people for slaves. The Black Africans in the south were the focus of slave raids until the early 20th century, selling for the price of a horse; even poor Arab fishermen by Lac Chad owned a couple of slaves. About one in every five slaves captured died of cold, hunger, famine or disease en-route to the Muslim trading areas. When the dregs of the French colonial system arrived in Chad at the end of the 19th century, abolishing the slave trade, they became, not surprisingly, heroes of the beleagured southern population.

55. ArabNet Does Not Endorse Or Recommend Any Of The Links On This Jamahiriyan Institute for Studies and Documentation A web site, in Frenchlanguage, about libya (Politic, culture, Press review, links ); http://www.arab.net/libya/links.htm

ArabNet does not endorse or recommend any of the links on this page, nor is it responsible in any way for the content of the sites. Site titles and descriptions have been supplied by individuals unconnected with ArabNet. If you know of a site relevant to this section which is not yet listed, then we welcome suggestions . To notify ArabNet of any problems with any listed sites, such as broken links or offensive content, please email the webmaster Links relevant to other countries, and pan-regional links, are available from the Magic Carpet home page General DoctorInternet 24-hour consultation on all kinds of medical and health queries. Information is available in English and in Arabic. Jamahiriyan Institute for Studies and Documentation A web site, in French language, about Libya (Politic, Culture, Press review, links...) Libya info Great, and comprehnsive info. about Libya. Libya Online This site focuses on Libya's rich history and natural beauty, using many illustrations. Libya resources A complete content oriented site with links to the majority of web site on Libya, plus links to news sources and others contaning news. articles and books on Libya.

56. Education Links - Libya culture of libya Information on libyan culture courtesy of Arab.net. Languagesof libya Information on the languages spoken in each area of the country. http://www.mepc.org/public_asp/resources_links/Libya.asp

About Outline How To Schedule ... Links Libya General Information Government/Politics News/Current Events Arts and Culture Culture of Libya Information on Libyan Culture courtesy of Arab.net. Languages of Libya Information on the languages spoken in each area of the country. From the Ethnologue: Languages of the World website Libyan Amazigh A site on Libya’s Amazigh (Berber) culture, language and history. Libyana Libyana (our Libya) is a collective, volunteer effort of a group of Libyan women and men who love their culture and heritage. Business and Economy Basic Economic Information Economic overview and statistics of Libya from ArabicNews.Com Economic Sectors Data Updated information on Demographic, Economic and other data. From the Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRTCIC). Energy Analysis Brief Information and analysis on Libya's energy resources by the Energy Information Administration (Dept. of Energy). Libya: Business Information on business in Libya courtesy of Arab.net. Libya: Economy Library of Congress study and information.

57. Global Sources Travel Guides - Libya WOMEN libya is a very conservative Islamic culture that puts manyrestrictions on its women. libyan women marry young, generally http://www.globalsources.com/TNTLIST/TRVGUIDE/LIBYA/LIB_BC.HTM

Product Alert Inquiry Basket List Your Company Product Search ... Electronic Engineering Times-Asia Franchise China International IC International IC-Taipei Travel Center Country Guide: LIBYA Business Culture Greetings and Courtesies Decision Making Women Business Attire GREETINGS AND COURTESIES The standard greeting is the handshake. The addition of a slight nod or bow when shaking hands is a sign of respect. A man should not shake a woman's hand unless she initiates the handshake. If she does not, smile and nod slightly, but do not make prolonged eye contact with her. Greetings are often accompanied by questions about one's health and family. Titles are used to show respect, and are important. Personal space is less than in many other cultures, so don't be surprised if Libyan associates stand close. DECISION MAKING Be on time, but expect your Libyan associates to arrive late. Social amenities are important, and business will not be addressed before the proper time is taken to inquire about one's health and family, or other small talk. Relationships prove more important than schedules. Decisions are made slowly. Pushing for faster action or impose a deadline, you will most likely do more harm than good. Time runs on a different plane than it does in the West. Expect plenty of time and personal networking to pass before any decisions are reached. WOMEN Libya is a very conservative Islamic culture that puts many restrictions on its women. Libyan women marry young, generally do not work outside the home, and when they do are relegated to teaching, secretarial work, and social services. Foreign women should be prepared for such attitudes and behave with discretion at all times. Being professional, poised, and self-confident will help in business, but male colleagues may be taken more seriously and given more respect.

58. Educational Module On CBW: Case Study Libya An attempt to understand libya's armament dynamic should include a considerationof the political culture as well as of the way the decisionmaking process is http://cbw.sipri.se/cbw/003020100.html

Political Culture An attempt to understand Libya's armament dynamic should include a consideration of the political culture as well as of the way the decision-making process is structured. Since the military coup in 1969, Libya has been governed by Colonel Muammar Qadhafi. Political control is almost exclusively in the hands of Qadhafi whose official title is 'revolutionary leader'. The political system of Libya is largely based on Qadhafi's own ideology, which has been described as a kind of Islamic or Arabic socialism inspired by the Arab nationalism that flourished in the Middle East during the 1960s. Arab nationalism guided the policy of the newly established Qadhafi regime. All Western influence had to be terminated. British and US military forces located in Libya were required to leave shortly after the takeover. Specialists and professionals, teachers, technicians and doctors from Europe and the USA were replaced with Arabs. English translations disappeared from street signs and official publications. Many foreign oil companies were nationalized by the Libyan Government. Qadhafi has put forward his political and social philosophy, the 'Third Universal Theory' in the

59. Browsing Regional Africa Libya Society And Culture Category Login. Browse Regional Africa libya Society and culture Top Regional Africa libya Society and culture. Categories Archaeology http://www.uksprite.com/search/search/Regional/Africa/Libya/Society_and_Culture/

/* CSS Menu highlight- By Marc Boussard (marc.boussard@syntegra.fr) Modified by DD for NS4 compatibility Visit http://www.dynamicdrive.com for this script */ var ns4class='' WebSearch Low-cost advertising at UKSprite Join Login @UK.Sprite Home Latest Headlines UK Weather World Weather ... UK Travel Guide Fun TV Guide Lotto e-Greetings Mobile Fun Communicate Email Login Get Free Email Free Text Messages Lifestyle Horoscopes Dating Recipes Health Shop DVD's Books Videos More... Deals Auctions Classified Ads Site Map Browsing: Regional Africa Libya Society and Culture Top Regional Africa Libya Society and Culture Categories: Archaeology Cuisine History Issues ... Religion Related Categories: Regional: Africa: Society and Culture Regional: Middle East: Society and Culture Ethnologue: Libya Languages of Libya http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Libya Preview This Site The Garamantes of The Fezzan Data concerning one of the major tribal groups inhabiting the northern Libyan Sahara in Classical antiquity, the Garamantes. http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/garamantes/feztop.htm Preview This Site General Union of Students of the Great Libyan Jamahiriya Photo album, search engines and contact info.

60. WebGuest - Open Directory : Regional : Africa : Libya : Society And Culture Top Regional Africa libya Society and culture (23). Archaeology@ (10);Cuisine@ (5); History (10); Issues (4). Personal Pages (1); Politics (1); http://directory.webguest.com/index.cgi/Regional/Africa/Libya/Society_and_Cultur

To find books that are related to this page, visit the WebGuest Bookstore About Us Privacy Statement Acceptable Use Policy ... Contact Us the entire directory only in Libya/Society_and_Culture Top Regional Africa Libya : Society and Culture Archaeology Cuisine History Issues ... Religion See also: Regional: Africa: Society and Culture Regional: Middle East: Society and Culture Sites: Don't waste another minute on a lousy site! Turbo-boost your browser: download the Alexa Toolbar for FREE! Ethnologue: Libya - Languages of Libya The Garamantes of The Fezzan - Data concerning one of the major tribal groups inhabiting the northern Libyan Sahara in Classical antiquity, the Garamantes. General Union of Students of the Great Libyan Jamahiriya - Photo album, search engines and contact info. Holidays - Libya - Holidays and festivals, Libya The Last Jews of Libya - Stories and photographs depicting the life and memories of the Jews of Libya. Tibra - A program to highlight the success of Libyan women details of awards and eligibility. Last update: 1:02 PT, Sunday, October 27, 2002

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