21. Madagascar: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—madagascar history. Early History to the Endof Native Monarchy. The earliest history of Madagascar is unclear. http://infoplease.kids.lycos.com/ce6/world/A0859413.html

Search For: Lycos Zone Home Family Zone Teachers Zone Encyclopedia ... Madagascar History Early History to the End of Native Monarchy The earliest history of Madagascar is unclear. Africans and Indonesians reached the island in about the 5th cent. A.D. , the Indonesian immigration continuing until the 15th cent. From the 9th cent., Muslim traders (including some Arabs) from E Africa and the Comoro Islands settled in NW and SE Madagascar. Probably the first European to see Madagascar was Diogo Dias, a Portuguese navigator, in 1500. Between 1600 and 1619, Portuguese Roman Catholic missionaries tried unsuccessfully to convert the Malagasy. From 1642 until the late 18th cent. the French maintained footholds, first at Taolagnaro (formerly Fort-Dauphin) in the southeast and finally on Sainte Marie Island off the east coast. Radama I In 1883 the French bombarded and occupied Toamsina (then Tamatave), and in 1885 they established a protectorate over Madagascar, which was recognized by Great Britain in 1890. Rainilaiarivony organized resistance to the French, and there was heavy fighting from 1894 to 1896. In 1896, French troops under J. S. Gallieni defeated the Merina and abolished the monarchy. Colonialism, Independence, and One-Man Rule

22. Madagascar Vacation Guide: Romantic Madagascar Vacations, Madagascar Safaries madagascar history. Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar becamea French colony in 1886, but regained its independence in 1960. http://www.indianoceanvacationguide.com/travel/Madagascar_History.html

The sophisticated travelers Madagascar vacation connection. Madagascar Vacation Guide: Romantic Madagascar Vacations TravelWizard.Com Travel And Cruise Consultants: Madagascar Vacations Click here for our Full Service, Custom Luxury Vacation Planner Click here for Full Service, Custom Luxury Cruise Planner Click here if you'd prefer to book you r ... own discount airline tickets, car rental, hotel or vacation packages with our easy to use real time self booking engine. Note! This is the most highly recommended self booking engine on the Internet. Travel Guides Africa Vacations Asia Vacations Australian Vacations Canada Vacations ... Bookmark this page Madagascar: History Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1886, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. Overview History Culture Geography ... Pictures Other Places in Africa Algeria Angola Benin ... Sri Lanka Other Places in Indian Ocean Algeria Angola Benin ... Click here to save money, time and stress booking your Madagascar vacation.

23. The Environmental Literacy Council - Madagascar madagascar history The Lonely Planet online guide provides a briefhistory of the island continent and its people. Maps, Geography. http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/499.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Madagascar Madagascar has been called the “hottest of the hotspots ” because of its extraordinary number of endemic species. Eighty-five percent of the island nation’s plants and animals are found nowhere else in the world. Sometimes referred to as an "island continent," Madagascar , located off the coast of Africa, is the fourth largest island in the world. It has a variety of climatic zones, including both tropical and temperate climates. It was formed when it broke from the continent of Africa over a hundred million years ago, carrying with it many of the species found on the mainland. Isolated from the mainland, over time, these populations of species began to diverge from their ancestors on the mainland. Small genetic trait differences produce physiological differences in populations and traits that enable populations to find food more effectively become more commonplace. Eventually the populations on Madagascar became incompatible than those on the mainland. Populations on the island itself also diverged as climatic changeswarmer and cooler, wetter and dryer periodsisolated forest patches from one another. In this way, speciation produced more than 50 species of lemurs and many other endemic species. It is believed that 106 of 250 bird species and 233 of 245 reptiles are endemic to the island. About 80 percent of all the flowering plants there are unique to the island. Madagascar, in fact, has more orchid species than the entire continent of Africa.

24. SIT Study Abroad - Madagascar: Culture And Society Undergraduate study abroad program in madagascar, focused on the domestic and external influences that have shaped multiple cultures in madagascar. madagascar is home to an amazing variety of cultures, thanks to its long history as a trading nexus and migratory http://www.sit.edu/studyabroad/africa/madagascar.html

Select a Country Argentina Australia Bali Balkans Belize Bolivia Botswana Brazil Cameroon Central Europe Chile China: Yunnan Province Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Ecuador France Germany Ghana India Indonesia:Bali Ireland Jamaica Jordan Kenya Madagascar Mali Mexico Mongolia Morocco Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Panama Russia Samoa Senegal South Africa Southern Cone Spain Switzerland Tanzania Tibetan Studies Uganda Viet Nam Program Info Madagascar Home SIT Program Model Madagascar Coursework Curriculum Description ... Apply Now Who Are You? Prospective Students Accepted Students Advisors/Faculty Parents ... Requires free Adobe Acrobat Reader Madagascar is home to an amazing variety of cultures, thanks to its long history as a trading nexus and migratory destination for people from throughout Indonesia, Africa, and the Arab peninsula. Today, the 18 clans that live in this island nation retain remnants of their heritage while also sharing in Madagascar’s overlying culture and language — giving rise to the Malagasy phrase "Unity Amongst Diversity." View a Madagascar Photo Gallery for this program.

25. Madagascar Geography, history, and other basic information.Category Regional Africa madagascar News and Media...... Major sources and definitions. Geography. madagascar lies in the Indian Ocean offthe southeast coast of Africa opposite Mozambique. Multiparty republic. history. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107743.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network World Countries Madagascar Infoplease Atlas: Madagascar Republic of Madagascar National name: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara President: Marc Ravalomanana (2002) Prime Minister: Jacques Sylla(2002) Area: 226,656 sq mi (587,040 sq km) Population (2003 est.): 16,979,744 (growth rate: 3.0%); birth rate: 42.2/1000; infant mortality rate: 80.2/1000; density per sq mi: 75 Capital and largest city (1993 est.): Antananarivo, 1,000,000 Monetary unit: Malagasy franc Languages: Malagasy and French (both official) Ethnicity/race: Religions: traditional 52%, Christian 41%, Islam 7% Literacy rate: Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2001 est.): $14 billion; per capita $870.

26. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Madagascar | Further Reading Mervyn Brown's A history of madagascar is a readable history of the island. ArthurStratton's The Great Red Island is a comprehensive history of madagascar. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/madagascar/read.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Madagascar Further Reading John Mack's ethnographic study, Madagascar, Island of the Ancestors is a superb overview of Malagasy culture. Mervyn Brown's A History of Madagascar is a readable history of the island. Madagascar - A Natural History by Ken Preston-Mafham is a large, glossy book crammed full with photos and enlightening text. Arthur Stratton's The Great Red Island is a comprehensive history of Madagascar. Lemurs of the Lost World Madagascar Wildlife: A Visitor's Guide by Hilary Bradt, Derek Schuurman and Nick Garbutt, is the best book on the topic written in everyday language. The most complete coverage of Madagascar's national parks and protected areas is the French language The Aye-Aye and I: A Rescue Mission in Madagascar by Gerald Durrell, is a delightful excursion by a witty writer, focusing on Durrell's efforts to capture aye-ayes for his captive breeding program in Jersey. back to top previous Lonely Planet guides : We've tried to make the information on this web site as accurate as possible, but it is provided 'as is' and we accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by anyone resulting from this information. You should verify critical information like visas, health and safety, customs, and transportation) with the relevant authorities before you travel. view enlargement view slideshow Lonely Planet guides to Madagascar and the world order now Round-the-World Tickets Connect the dots, find a fare

27. World Travel Guide - Madagascar - History And Government World Travel Guide madagascar - history Government - includes information on the constitution and politics. Home Africa madagascar. history and Government. history According to local legend, the island was first inhabited http://www.wtgonline.com/data/mdg/mdg580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Madagascar/HistoryandGovernment'; WORLD TRAVEL GUIDE .NET GUIDES World Travel Guide World City Guide World Airport Guide World Cruise Guide ... World Weather TOOLS Holiday Brochures Mini Guide Online Bookstore World Clock ... Reservations APPENDICES How to Use This Guide Health Disabled Travellers Buddhism ... Travel Warnings LANGUAGES Deutsch Dutch Español Français ... Madagascar History and Government History: According to local legend, the island was first inhabited by the Vazimba, a race of white pygmies. These people, if they existed, were displaced by successive waves of Polynesian migrants from the Malayo-Indonesian archipelago, from as early as the sixth century AD. In the ninth century, Madagascar was a major trading power in the western Indian Ocean. Moreover, ancient ruins indicate an extensive Arab presence on the island around that time. Bantu tribes from mainland Africa later settled on the west coast. The first Europeans arrived in the mid-17th century. Several French settlements were established on the south-east coast but were destroyed within 30 years. The French introduced cash crops to their new colony. In 1948 the Malagasy people sought to re-establish their independence through armed insurrection. They were unsuccessful, but the uprising paved the way for independence, which came in 1960. Philibert Tsirana's PSD Party ruled with the support of France and the people of the coastal regions until 1972, when highland agitation against French influence prompted the Army Chief of Staff, Major-General Ramanantsoa, to assume executive power for the purpose of pursuing a more nationalistic policy. Three years later the military government resigned after selecting Lt-Commander Didier Ratsiraka as head of state.

28. MapZones.com History madagascar, history, Back to Top. The people of madagascar are believed to be descendedfrom Indonesians and Africans who reached the island in ancient times. http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/madagascar/historyindex.php

Country Info Madagascar Introduction Madagascar General Data Madagascar Maps Madagascar Culture ... Madagascar Time and Date Madagascar History Back to Top The people of Madagascar are believed to be descended from Indonesians and Africans who reached the island in ancient times. Diogo Dias, a Portuguese sea captain bound for India in 1500, was the first European to sight the island. During the 17th century the Portuguese, the English, and the French successively and unsuccessfully attempted to colonize Madagascar. The Malagasy peoples are of mixed Malayo-Indonesian and Afro-Arab ancestry. The Indonesian element probably migrated to Madagascar about AD 700 by way of the African coast. The first European known to have visited the island was the Portuguese navigator Diogo Dias in 1500. The island was the haunt of many pirates during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Trade in arms and slaves allowed the development of Malagasy kingdoms. At the beginning of the 17th century the most important kingdoms, those of the Antemoro, Antesaka, Antanosy, Maroserana, Betsileo, and Merina peoples, were still confined to small areas. Countries Map or Maps Egypt Maps South Africa Maps England Maps France Maps ... mailto:info@mapzones.com?subject=Mail from HomePage

29. FOC Country Profile - Madagascar Notes on geography, history, politics, economy, international relations, travel, current affairs. http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c

30. A History Of Madagascar Historian Stephen Ellis offers a report of Mervyn Brown's seminal text about the island's ancient and populated history. quality for social science, particularly in the field of history. madagascar is one of fairly few parts of Africa (that http://iias.leidenuniv.nl/iiasn/iiasn7/iswa/ellis.html

New publication A History of Madagascar Madagascar is home to one of the worldþs less widely known human cultures. Situated in the Indian Ocean, over 400 kilometres from the coast of Mozambique, it cannot really be said to be part of Africa, especially as Malagasy cultures, and particularly the Malagasy language, have more in common with Asia, and specifically Indonesia, than they do with Africa. By Stephen Ellis Inasmuch as malgachisants - as academic specialists are known - have had a background in area studies, it has tended to be a grounding in Africa rather than Asia. This is rather paradoxical, for not only is the Malagasy language of the Malayo-Polynesian group, but it is generally believed that Madagascarþs earliest immigrants were probably of Indonesian origin, and subsequent influences have been assimilated into what is still sometimes recognizable as an Indonesian-related culture. Despite the existence of a number of excellent works on the Malagasy language, it has been relatively little studied by specialists of Asia who may find in Malagasy culture, and in the language especially, clues as to the history of some Asian languages which have developed from common roots. Just as Madagascar has been the preserve of specialists in the academic world, so it has also in the business and commercial world. Madagascarþs economy has stagnated since the early 1970s, and it is rarely the subject of international attention for this reason. Periodic attempts to build a tourist industry have not led to the development of mass tourism, and, in general, those outsiders who have personal knowledge of the island remain rather few in number.

31. Madagascar History Describes the pre and post-colonial history of the island. Find out about its first, second, and third republics. history of madagascar. history Home Page. CountryReports.org http://www.emulateme.com/history/madaghist.htm

History of Madagascar History Home Page CountryReports.org Shop our Online Store! Discuss World Issues! ... The Third Republic, 1993- Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Libya Madagascar Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Sudan

32. World Travel Guide - Madagascar - History And Government World Travel Guide madagascar - history Government - includes informationon the constitution and politics. WORLDTRAVELGUIDE.NET, http://www.travel-guide.com/data/mdg/mdg580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Africa/Madagascar/HistoryandGovernment'; WORLD TRAVEL GUIDE .NET GUIDES World Travel Guide World City Guide World Airport Guide World Cruise Guide ... World Weather TOOLS Holiday Brochures Mini Guide Online Bookstore World Clock ... Reservations APPENDICES How to Use This Guide Health Disabled Travellers Buddhism ... Travel Warnings LANGUAGES Deutsch Dutch Español Français ... Madagascar History and Government History: According to local legend, the island was first inhabited by the Vazimba, a race of white pygmies. These people, if they existed, were displaced by successive waves of Polynesian migrants from the Malayo-Indonesian archipelago, from as early as the sixth century AD. In the ninth century, Madagascar was a major trading power in the western Indian Ocean. Moreover, ancient ruins indicate an extensive Arab presence on the island around that time. Bantu tribes from mainland Africa later settled on the west coast. The first Europeans arrived in the mid-17th century. Several French settlements were established on the south-east coast but were destroyed within 30 years. The French introduced cash crops to their new colony. In 1948 the Malagasy people sought to re-establish their independence through armed insurrection. They were unsuccessful, but the uprising paved the way for independence, which came in 1960. Philibert Tsirana's PSD Party ruled with the support of France and the people of the coastal regions until 1972, when highland agitation against French influence prompted the Army Chief of Staff, Major-General Ramanantsoa, to assume executive power for the purpose of pursuing a more nationalistic policy. Three years later the military government resigned after selecting Lt-Commander Didier Ratsiraka as head of state.

33. Madagascar Links madagascar. COMMERCE. MBendi madagascar. Common Market. NEWS SOURCES. SOURCE DOCUMENTS.Constitution of madagascar. history. history of madagascar. madagascar Origins. http://www.nationbynation.com/Madagascar/Links.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... Madagascar Origins

34. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Madagascar (History By Nation) HIGH SCHOOL BEYOND World history history by Nation madagascar.history of madagascar precolonial era to the 3rd Republic (1993). http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/His

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Madagascar document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); History of Madagascar precolonial era to the 3rd Republic (1993-) Privacy Policy Site Map Contact Us

35. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: History (Madagascar) Linking Policy. HIGH SCHOOL BEYOND Regional Studies Countriesof the World Africa madagascar history. history of madagascar http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Reg

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 History document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); History of Madagascar precolonial era to the 3rd Republic (1993-) Privacy Policy Site Map Contact Us

36. Tsara.com-Madagascar, History Ralambo built a castle and called it Antananarivo ( town of the thousand ), and thecapital city of madagascar was born. history written by Renee Rasoamihamina. http://www.tsara.com/tsara/english/history/page1.htm

No one knows with precision where the origins of the Malgasy people lie. Oral tradition mentions pre-Christian "Proto-malagasy" "vazimba" or "white pymies", landowners who for centuries suffered the persuction of Sumatran settlers for their failure to integrate. The Vazimbas' supposed descendants are today known as Kimosy, Siona, Kalanoro and Mikea, whose forebears survived by taking refuge in remote mountains and caves. Little is known about these people, except for the Mikea, who now inhabit the thorny forest of the Mahafaly region. Most historians agree that the Malagasy have roots in Indonesia. While the date of the Indonesians' arrival on the eastern coast of Madagascar has not been pinpointed, anthropological similarities with the way of life in southeast Asia remain evident to this day. Archeological discoveries suggest that Arab traders were the next to arrive in significant numbers, between the 9th and 15th centuries. They brought with them the slave trade and an Arab alphabet that survives in the scrolls of the Mahafaly ( are People from the south of Madagascar) The first European visitor of note was Portugal's Diego-Diaz, He "discovered" Cap d'Ambre in August 1500 and called the island " Saint Laurent". From then on, the coast of Madagascar provided Portuguese, Dutch, English and French sailors with fresh supplies. No Europeans at this stage made much effort to penetrate the interior or to settle on the island. The French were the first to make Madagascar their home, settling on the south coast and founding Fort Dauphin in 1642.

37. Madagascar Fauna Group Contact the MFG Address madagascar Fauna Group, c/o San Francisco Zoo, 1 Zoo Road,San Francisco, CA 94132 USA Privacy Statement All site material copyright http://www.savethelemur.org/mad-history.htm

History Coming soon... About Madagascar Main Page Madagascar History Maps of Madagascar MFG Home Page ... Contact the MFG Address: Madagascar Fauna Group, c/o San Francisco Zoo, 1 Zoo Road, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA Privacy Statement webmaster

38. Madagascar Fauna Group How Did the MFG Start The madagascar Fauna Group is an international consortium ofzoos and related organizations, pooling their talents and resources to work http://www.savethelemur.org/about-history.htm

How Did the MFG Start The Madagascar Fauna Group is an international consortium of zoos and related organizations, pooling their talents and resources to work together in one of the world's most endangered places, Madagascar. The MFG was formed following a 1987 meeting at St. Catherine's Island (Georgia, USA), at which Malagasy government officials asked the international zoo community for assistance with habitat protection, species propagation, research, and training. The meeting was convened by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) of IUCN. The institutions present included Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Mulhouse and the Strasborg consortium, the Duke University Primate Center , and several US zoos. These institutions became the founding members of the Madagascar Fauna Group, which was formalized in 1988.

39. A History Of Madagascar New publication A history of madagascar. madagascar is curious. This newbook, A history of madagascar, is divided into five parts. The http://www.iias.nl/iiasn/iiasn7/iswa/ellis.html

New publication A History of Madagascar Madagascar is home to one of the worldþs less widely known human cultures. Situated in the Indian Ocean, over 400 kilometres from the coast of Mozambique, it cannot really be said to be part of Africa, especially as Malagasy cultures, and particularly the Malagasy language, have more in common with Asia, and specifically Indonesia, than they do with Africa. By Stephen Ellis Inasmuch as malgachisants - as academic specialists are known - have had a background in area studies, it has tended to be a grounding in Africa rather than Asia. This is rather paradoxical, for not only is the Malagasy language of the Malayo-Polynesian group, but it is generally believed that Madagascarþs earliest immigrants were probably of Indonesian origin, and subsequent influences have been assimilated into what is still sometimes recognizable as an Indonesian-related culture. Despite the existence of a number of excellent works on the Malagasy language, it has been relatively little studied by specialists of Asia who may find in Malagasy culture, and in the language especially, clues as to the history of some Asian languages which have developed from common roots. Just as Madagascar has been the preserve of specialists in the academic world, so it has also in the business and commercial world. Madagascarþs economy has stagnated since the early 1970s, and it is rarely the subject of international attention for this reason. Periodic attempts to build a tourist industry have not led to the development of mass tourism, and, in general, those outsiders who have personal knowledge of the island remain rather few in number.

40. History Of Madagascar In 1890 the British relinquished their interests in madagascar toFrance, and in 1895, madagascar became a French protectorate. http://archive.dstc.edu.au/AU/staff/andry/monarchy.html

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