21. Sweden.com Discussion Forum - F*cking Cultural Enrichers Has Done It Again! Kongo (all Bantu), and the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic dont have a terror network?africahas real and mexican governments use their indigenous peoples as cannon http://www.sweden.com/forums/showthread.php3?threadid=3161&pagenumber=17

22. Bibliographie indigenous Trade and Oxford,1932; Schapera, I. - The Khoisan peoples of South Les mangbetu (Congo Belge http://gallica.bnf.fr/VoyagesEnAfrique/Biblio/T_Bibliographie.htm

Bibliographie CATALOGUES ET BIBLIOGRAPHIES ETUDES GENERALES ETUDES PAR AIRES GEOGRAPHIQUES ETUDES PARTICULIERES ... CORPUS COMPLEMENTAIRE CATALOGUES ET BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1. Catalogues Catalogue de l'histoire de l'Afrique. Bouchot, H. - Le Cabinet des Estampes de la Bibliothèque Nationale. - s.d. Fierro, A. - Fierro, A.- . - Zug, Switzerland : Inter documentation C°, 1971-1976.- 3 vol. : vol. 1, Archives ; vol.2, Bibliothèques ; vol.3, Index 2, Bibliothèque nationale .- München : K.G. Saur, 1984 2. Bibliographies Boucher de la Richarderie, G. - Bibliothèque universelle des voyages , ou - Treuttel et Würz, 1806-1808.- 6 vol. Brasseur, P. - Brasseur, P. - Bruel, G. - . - E. Larose, 1914 Colonialism in Africa : 1870-1960. A bibliographical guide to colonialism in sub-saharan Africa / Duignan, P. ; Gann, L.-H. eds.-.- Cambridge ; London : University Press, 1973 Fumagalli, G. - Bibliografica Ethiopic. Catalogo descrittivo e ragionato degli scritti pubblicati dalla invenzione della stampa fino a tutto il 1891 intorno alla Etiopia e regioni limitrofe. - Milano : U. Hoepli, 1893

23. Articles Mossi, Yoruba, Toucouleur, Fang, mangbetu, and Baule nevertheless recognized twogreat indigenous nations in latter included the southernmost peoples of the http://www.marcusgarvey.com/ch3.htm

CHAPTER III Modern Falsification of History The African Origin Of Civilization

24. Articles of Carthage was then inhabited by indigenous Blacks who erupt between the merchantsand the peoples they frequent found today only among the mangbetu Blacks of http://www.marcusgarvey.com/ch5.htm

CHAPTER V Could Egyptian Civilization Be of Asian Origin? The African Origin Of Civilization

25. Democratic Republic Of Congo Map Flag Description Light Blue Major peoples over 200 African ethnic groups of which Kongo (all Bantu), and theMangbetuAzande (Hamitic 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10%. http://www.gateway-africa.com/countries/drc.html

Democratic Republic of Congo Map: Flag description: light blue with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center and a columnar arrangement of six small yellow five-pointed stars along the hoist side Location: Central Africa, northeast of Angola Geographic coordinates: 00 N, 25 00 E Climate: tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October Independence: 30 June 1960 (from Belgium) Nationality: Congolese (singular and plural) Capital City: Kinshasa Population: Head of State: Laurent Desire KABILA (since 17 May 1997) Died , his son is now the new President Area: 2,345,410 sq km Type of Government: dictatorship; presumably undergoing a transition to representative government Currency: Congolese franc (CF) Major peoples: over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10%

26. Sources For The Numbers List Nauk SSSR, Jazyki Narodov SSSR Languages of the peoples of the R. The Harris volume(The indigenous Lgs of the Caucasus R Balendru, V. mangbetu Jarel Deaton. http://www.zompist.com/sources.htm

Sources for the Numbers List This page gives the sources for each language on the Numbers from 1 to 10 page . Sometimes half the work in dealing with a new language is finding out what it is, and relating it to the sometimes wildly varying classifications from Ruhlen , Voegelin, and the Ethnologue. There are notes relating to this, as well as information on dialects , and names of languages I don't have yet. M.R. Totals :4620 entries -226 conlangs -386 dead langs -259 dialect/variant = living languages I have 78.8% of Ruhlen's 4750 languages. Dialects I have but not in the list: 775, so the grand total is about 5365. Thanks to the following people who've sent me numbers over the net (biggest contributors first; abbreviations in boldface): Jarel Deaton JD Eugene S.L. Chan Ch Pavel Petrov ( PP Jess Tauber, Carl Masthay ( CM Rick Schellen ( RS Claudio Salvucci ( CS Ivan Derzhanski, Reinhard Hahn, Jennifer Runner (who has a common expressions in many languages page), Marnen Laibow-Koser, waarki, Miguel Carrasquer Vidal, Mikael Parkvall

27. Sanaa Gallery - Tribal Information is an anthropological category that groups together the indigenous darkskinned TheYoruba peoples inhabit a large part of southwestern Nigeria. ZANDE mangbetu. http://www.sanaagallery.com/tribalinfo.html

Welcome Antiques Masks Personal Items ... About Us TRIBAL INFORMATION Baule Dan-Guerre Gilbert Islands Guro ... Zande Mangbetu BAULE The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Ivory Coast. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions. During the Asante rise to power the Baule queen, Aura Poku, was in direct competition with the current Asante king. When the Asante prevailed, the queen led her people away to the land they now occupy. The male descendant of Aura Poku still lives in the palace she established and is honored by the Baule as their nominal king. The Baule are noted for their fine wooden sculpture, particularly for their ritual statuettes representing ghosts or spirits; these, as well as carved ceremonial masks are associated with the ancestor cult. Baule art is sophisticated and stylistically diverse. Baule have types of sculpture that none of the other Akan peoples possess: masks (which, like their low-relief doors, seem to indicate Senufo influence) and human figures, apparently sometimes used as ancestor figures. The figures and human masks, the latter reported to be portraits used in commemorating the dead, are elegantwell polished, with elaborate hairdressings and scarification. More roughly finished are the gbekre figures, representing minor divinities in human form with animal heads. Masks are made also to represent the spirits of the bush: antelope, bush cow, elephant, monkey, and leopard. Boxes for the mouse oracle (in which sticks are disturbed by a live mouse, to give the augury) are unique to the Baule.

28. Zaire: A Country Study ethnic violence in NordKivu, where indigenous local people Most of the peoples ofthe rain-forest specific instances, as among the mangbetu, these expanding http://www.cla.wayne.edu/polisci/krause/Comparative/SOURCES/zaire.htm

Zaire Thomas Turner and Sandra W. Meditz, Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress September 9, 1994, Data as of December 1993 INTRODUCTION ZAIRE HAS LONG BEEN CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT because of its location, its resources, its potential, and (perhaps paradoxically) because of its weakness. The country has been at the center of a number of crises over the years, most notably following independence, during the Congo crisis of the 1960s, when there was a threat of the Cold War spilling over and heating up in Central Africa. Again in the 1990s, Zaire is threatening to become a source of international instability. Zaire's importance is to some extent geopolitical. It borders on no fewer than nine other states. These countries range from Arab-dominated Sudan in the north, to Angola in the south. Hence, in defending its borders Zaire canand hasbecome entangled in political rivalries extending all the way from Libya and Egypt to South Africa, i.e., the length of the continent. During the 1990s, Zaire's borders with Angola and especially Rwanda have been international flash points. Indigenous developments laid the groundwork for what has become Zaire. Well before Europeans arrived in the fifteenth century, the indigenous peoples had developed iron-working and long-distance trade. Large states had emerged, notably among the Kongo and Luba peoples of the southern savannas. Artistic traditions that have become world renowned had begun, particularly in the areas of sculpture, weaving, and music.

29. Photographs Of Africa | Picture Africa clip shows a traditional mangbetu dance. Empire, deserts, exploration, indigenouspeoples, landscapes, remote and watercolours, (mainly of africa and Australia http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/photographs.html

Topics : Photograph Collections (including illustrations) Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: Africa South of the Sahara - Art and Country Pages Contemporary Photographs Historical Photographs Contemporary Photographs Africa Focus: Sights and Sounds of a Continent "visual images and sounds of Africa contributed over the years to the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison ..." "more than 3000 slides, 500 photographs, and 50 hours of sound from forty-five different countries." Locate photos by topic, country, keyword. http://africafocus.library.wisc.edu/ AfricaGuide.com - Photo Library Photographs of People and Culture, Places and Scenery, and Wildlife. "donated by friends and family or taken by Vera Cheal." Site based in the U.K. http://www.africaguide.com/library.htm Africa - PBS / National Geographic / Thirteen/WNET NY Television Series, Sept. 9 - Oct. 28, 2001 Site for the TV series. Includes a Photoscope section of photo essays on AIDS, urban life (Cairo, Rwanda, gays, the internet, Congo, South Africa, Nigeria), conflict (Eritrea, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Rwanda, Congo, Sudan), the environment, women. [KF] http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africa/photoscope/index.html

30. SIL Bibliography: Notes On Anthropology and survival among Vietnam’s highland peoples during the Build on what they knowindigenous knowledge and my name’ a Meegyemangbetu representation of http://www.ethnologue.com/show_serial.asp?name=Notes on Anthropology

31. Book Reviews the material culture of the native peoples of North fluctuating status of dogs inindigenous cultures of certain types of containers produced by the mangbetu. http://www.tribalarts.com/review/review_su98.html

Current Reviews Previous Reviews Summer 1998 TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... GALLERIES Art and Heritage in West Africa By Barbara E. Frank. Published in English by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 1998. Hardcover; $45. T his impressive study approaches two crafts among the Mande peoples of West Africa. Here, pottery making is an exclusively female pursuit, while leatherworking is dominated by males. The author explores the two in depth, producing a valuable contribution to the scholarship of West African culture and, at the same time, demonstrating how craft technology in addition to artistic style is essential for reconstructing and comprehending the artistic heritage of a culturally complex region. In examining the roles of these craftspeople in the rise and fall of empires, the development of trans-Saharan trade networks, and the spread of Islam, the author brings into question the "one-tribe, one-style" interpretations that have dominated studies of West African art. back Native Paths: American Indian Art from the Collection of Charles and Valerie Diker Edited by Alan Wardwell.

32. Book Reviews and explore his interest in the indigenous arts while cultural history of the Amerindianpeoples through an remote villages of the Kuba, mangbetu, Bwaka, Tutsi http://www.tribalarts.com/review/autumn2001.html

Current Reviews Previous Reviews Summer/Autumn 2001 TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... CALENDAR BOOKS ABOUT TRIBAL ARTS MAGAZINE INDEX SUBSCRIBE GALLERIES A WORLD OF EARRINGS, AFRICA, ASIA, AMERICA By Anne van Cutsem Published in English, French, German, and Italian by Skira Editions, Milan, 2001 Format: 24 x 28 cm, 359 pp., 285 color and B/W illustrations Hardcover: 60Eu Captions describe materials, size, and function, and an index and glossary supply additional information.This book will be followed by a volume on bracelets. back ARTS PRÉCOLOMBIENS DE L'AMÉRIQUE CENTRALE.NICARAGUA, COSTA RICA ET PANAMÁ

33. Basic Facts - and political organization among those peoples who dwelt Kongo (all Bantu), and theMangbetuAzande (Hamitic 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10 http://www.winne.com/drc/BF-People.htm

We had the chance and the privilege to share part of our lives with Congolese and we will never forget the values of simplicity and plainness of this people and, over all, their warm, open and bright smiles. HUMAN ORIGINS Equatorial Africa has been inhabited since at least the middle Stone Age. Late Stone Age cultures flourished in the southern savanna after ca. 10,000 B.C. and remained viable until the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples during the first millennium B.C. Evidence suggests that these Stone Age populations lived in small groups, relying for subsistence on hunting and gathering. Some of these groups may have remained long enough in one vicinity to be considered permanent residents, but others moved, following game along the extensive river network and through the rainforest. The development of food-producing communities in Equatorial Africa is associated with the expansion of Bantu speaking peoples. In a long series of migrations beginning ca. 1,000 B.C. and lasting well into the mid-first millennium A.D., Bantu speakers dispersed from a point west of the Ubangi-congo River swamp across the forests and savannas of modern DRC. A northern group moved northeastward around the swamp and across the northern regions of DRC and settled in the forest zone. Meanwhile, other groups moved south and southwest, the former then migrating up the congo as well as into the inner part of the congo basin, while the southwestern Bantu speakers spread into modern Gabon, Congo, and lower DRC.

34. Weapons In Context: Extract as that of the Azande and mangbetu of northeast kind had on the development of indigenousweaponry are produced by the linguistically related peoples living in http://www.era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/Pitt_Rivers/shieweap/weaobj2

Weapons in Context Extract from Spring's African Weapons Weapons and Society Weapons and Warfare History and the 'Ethnographic Present' Earth and Fire: Iron Technology and the Blacksmith ... Main 'thinking about objects' page Introduction (pp 9-19; references given by Spring are fully cited in the bibliography This book is primarily intended as a celebration of African artistry and ingenuity. It also attempts to show the way in which arms and armour are incorporated into the complex material systems which express the structure of non-industrialised societies. The book takes as its subject a particular category of artefact which may not conform to Western preconceptions of what constitutes African art, but this should not be allowed to detract from our appreciation. Furthermore, the creativity which has gone into the production of African arms and armour must not be obscured by the fact that these artefacts are often used in a context which attests to man's most negative and destructive cultural proclivity. At the risk of playing devil's advocate, I believe that to underrate the significance of these artefacts within the societies which produced them would be to overlook a whole range of human endeavour and activity. Weapons and Society It is difficult both to detect and to analyse the concept of aesthetic appreciation in societies which do not appear to have a perception of 'art' as we in the West understand it. However, there is some evidence to suggest that there is a considerable difference between the type of object which might be considered of aesthetic significance in an African as opposed to a Western context. As Vaughan (1973) has pointed out, the Marghi of Northern Nigeria 'do not consider rock paintings or calabash decorations fitting topics for artistic activity, while they do view weapons as products which are worthy of an aesthetic appreciation'.

35. Zaire Country Profile of various species and oil palms are indigenous to the of Nilotic, Pygmy, and otherpeoples are present Mongo, (all Bantu), and the mangbetuAzande (Hamitic). http://www.tbwt.com/profiles/zaire.htm

36. Republic Of The Congo of various species and oil palms are indigenous to the of Nilotic, Pygmy, and otherpeoples are present the Kuba, Bakongo, Mongo, and the mangbetuAzande; also http://www.warroad.k12.mn.us/moredocs/stdnt_work/s.friesner/congo.html

Republic of The Congo THE CONGO: The country's national name is : Republique Populaire du Congo. This nation of Central Africa is bounded on the north by the Central African Republic and Sudan; on the east by Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Lake Tanganyika ; on the south by Zambia; on the southwest by Angola; and on the west by Angola and the Republic of the Congo. The extreme western portion of the country is a narrow wedge terminating in a 25-mile strip along the Atlantic Ocean. The greatest width of the country is about 1200 miles; its greatest length from north to south is about 1250 miles. Its total area is 905,365 square miles. The capital and largest city of the DRC is Kinshasa, formerly called LŽopoldville. Among other major cities are Lubumbashi, formerly Elisabethville; and Kisangani, formerly Stanleyville. Smaller cities include Bukavu, formerly Costermansville; Matadi, the principal port; Mbandaka, formerly Coquilhatville; and Boma, formerly the capital of both the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo and now a commercial center. Major Cities: Brazzaville Congo straddles the equator with it's only outlet to the South Atlantic Ocean is a very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo river. The nation is covered in dense tropical rainforests in the central river basin and the eastern highlands.

37. Earth Transformed Ladi Kwali a study of indigenous and modern Die materielle kultur der Azande undMangbetu. BaesslerArchiv artistry among the Mande-speaking peoples of West http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/african-ceramic-arts/resources/bibliography.html

38. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO was inhabited by ancient Negrito peoples (Pygmies), who Kongo (all Bantu), and theMangbetuAzande (Hamitic conducted in hard currency as indigenous bank notes http://www.multimania.com/licopa/our_congo.htm

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 1. Politics and form of Government A. History Formerly the Belgian Congo, this territory was inhabited by ancient Negrito peoples (Pygmies), who were pushed into the mountains by Bantu and Nilotic invaders. The American correspondent Henry M. Stanley navigated the Congo River in 1877 and opened the interior to exploration. Commissioned by King Leopold II of the Belgians, Stanley made treaties with native chiefs that enabled the king to obtain personal title to the territory at the Berlin Conference of 1885.Criticism of forced labor under royal exploitation prompted Belgium to take over administration of the Congo, which remained a colony until agitation for independence forced Brussels to grant freedom on June 30, 1960. B. The first Republic (1960-1965) C. The second Republic (1965-1997) Constitution Political parties and leaders : sole legal party until January 1991 - Popular Movement of the Revolution or MPR; other parties include Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Democratic Social Christian Party or PDSC; Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans or UFERI [Jean NGUNZ A KARL I BOND]; Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union of Independent Democrats or UDI [Leon KENGO wa Dondo] D. The third Republic

39. African Art On The Internet Features a wide variety of links devoted to the study and display of ancient and modern African art. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Topics : Art Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: South African Art Photographs Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afribilia London-based dealer offers for sale African coins, military medals, bank notes, documents, badges, postcards, and other historical / political artifacts. Site of David Saffery. http://www.afribilia.com/ Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography) , cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact:

40. Photography Of Africa Politics in africa, and examination on current african Wars. Photographs. africa Focus Sights and Sounds of a Continent images and sounds of africa contributed over the years to photographs of Cameroon, East africa slide show and video clips, http://www.empereur.com/Africa/history/photo.html

Welcome to Africa Photography of Africa Contemporary Photographs Africa Focus: Sights and Sounds of a Continent "visual images and sounds of Africa contributed over the years to the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison ..." "more than 3000 slides, 500 photographs, and 50 hours of sound from forty-five different countries." Locate photos by topic, country, keyword. http://africafocus.library.wisc.edu/ AfricaGuide.com - Photo Library Photographs of People and Culture, Places and Scenery, and Wildlife. "donated by friends and family or taken by Vera Cheal." Site based in the U.K. http://www.africaguide.com/library.htm Africa - PBS / National Geographic / Thirteen/WNET NY Television Series, Sept. 9 - Oct. 28, 2001 Site for the TV series. Includes a Photoscope section of photo essays on AIDS, urban life (Cairo, Rwanda, gays, the internet, Congo, South Africa, Nigeria), conflict (Eritrea, Burundi, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Rwanda, Congo, Sudan), the environment, women. [KF] http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africa/photoscope/index.html African Aperture An online gallery with links to sites of quality photographers who focus on Africa. "Photography relating to environment, travel, culture and cultural diversity and humanity." Features artists such as Seydou Keita, Crispin Hughes (photos and article on the Southern Sudan liberation forces), Bernard Descamps and others. The Founder is Philip Cartland, a London based photographer. http://www.africanaperture.com/

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